Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided. 2. Core View of the Report The prices of oils and fats are expected to fluctuate and consolidate. The domestic fundamentals are loose, and the domestic supply of oils and fats is stable. The USDA's South American production forecast for the 24/25 season is high, the Malaysian palm oil inventory is neutral, demand has improved, and Indonesia's B40 policy promotes domestic consumption and reduces available supply. However, the international biodiesel profit is low, and demand is weak. The domestic tariff on Canadian rapeseed has led to a rise in the rapeseed sector, and the domestic fundamentals of oils and fats are neutral, with stable import inventories. Sino-US and Sino-Canadian relations have an impact on the market at the macro level [2][3][4]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs Daily View - Soybean Oil - **Fundamentals**: The MPOB report shows that Malaysian palm oil production in March decreased by 9.8% month-on-month to 1.62 million tons, exports decreased by 14.74% to 1.49 million tons, and the end-of-month inventory decreased by 2.6% to 1.83 million tons. The report is neutral, and the production reduction was less than expected. Currently, shipping survey agencies show that the export data of Malaysian palm oil this month has increased by 4% month-on-month, and supply will increase in the subsequent production season [2]. - **Basis**: The spot price of soybean oil is 8,234, with a basis of 286, indicating that the spot price is higher than the futures price [2]. - **Inventory**: On June 2, the commercial inventory of soybean oil was 880,000 tons, up 20,000 tons from the previous period and 11.7% higher year-on-year [2]. - **Market**: The futures price is above the 20-day moving average, and the 20-day moving average is upward [2]. - **Main Position**: The short positions of the main soybean oil contract have increased [2]. - **Expectation**: The price of soybean oil Y2509 is expected to fluctuate in the range of 7,800 - 8,200 [2]. Daily View - Palm Oil - **Fundamentals**: Similar to soybean oil, the MPOB report is neutral, and the production reduction was less than expected. The export data this month has increased, and supply will increase in the subsequent production season [3]. - **Basis**: The spot price of palm oil is 8,570, with a basis of 240, indicating that the spot price is higher than the futures price [3]. - **Inventory**: On June 2, the port inventory of palm oil was 380,000 tons, down 10,000 tons from the previous period and 34.1% lower year-on-year [3]. - **Market**: The futures price is above the 20-day moving average, and the 20-day moving average is upward [3]. - **Main Position**: The long positions of the main palm oil contract have decreased [3]. - **Expectation**: The price of palm oil P2509 is expected to fluctuate in the range of 8,100 - 8,500 [3]. Daily View - Rapeseed Oil - **Fundamentals**: Similar to soybean oil and palm oil, the MPOB report is neutral, and the production reduction was less than expected. The export data this month has increased, and supply will increase in the subsequent production season [4]. - **Basis**: The spot price of rapeseed oil is 9,581, with a basis of 166, indicating that the spot price is higher than the futures price [4]. - **Inventory**: On June 2, the commercial inventory of rapeseed oil was 650,000 tons, up 20,000 tons from the previous period and 3.2% higher year-on-year [4]. - **Market**: The futures price is above the 20-day moving average, and the 20-day moving average is upward [4]. - **Main Position**: The short positions of the main rapeseed oil contract have increased [4]. - **Expectation**: The price of rapeseed oil OI2509 is expected to fluctuate in the range of 9,250 - 9,650 [4]. Recent利多利空Analysis - **利多**: The US soybean stock-to-use ratio remains around 4%, indicating tight supply [5]. - **利空**: The prices of oils and fats are at a relatively high historical level, and domestic inventories of oils and fats are continuously increasing. The macroeconomy is weak, and the expected production of related oils and fats is high [5]. - **Main Logic**: The global fundamentals of oils and fats are relatively loose [5].

Report Information - Reported industry: Oil and fat [1] - Date: June 27, 2025 [2] - Researcher: Yulanlan, Lin Zhenlei, Wang Haifeng, Hong Chenliang, Liu Youran [3] Investment Rating - No investment rating provided in the report Core Viewpoints - The price of oils and fats is weak, but it is unlikely to fall significantly further. The high-frequency data of Malaysian palm oil shows a decline in production growth and an improvement in export data, and the pace of inventory accumulation is expected to slow down. Brazil will raise the mandatory blending ratio of biodiesel in diesel from 14% to 15%, which will take effect on August 1. The supply and demand of domestic oils and fats in China is stable. With the increase in soybean crushing volume and the increase in palm oil arrivals, it is the off-season for domestic oil and fat consumption, the inventory of oils and fats continues to increase, and the basis is under pressure. The price difference of oils and fats shows a pattern of near-term weakness and long-term strength, and reverse spreads are the main strategy [7] Summary by Directory 1. Market Review and Operation Suggestions - Dongguan rapeseed oil trader quotes: Dongguan triple rapeseed oil 09+50 (June), single rapeseed oil 09+240 (June). The basis price of soybean oil in the East China market: single soybean oil: spot: Y2509+230; June - July: Y2509+250; July - September: Y2509+260; October - January: Y2601+350. The price of 24-degree palm oil at East China ports is P09+430 yuan/ton [7] 2. Industry News - On June 25 (Wednesday), the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) lowered the reference price of crude palm oil for July, reducing the export tax to 8.5%, at 3,730.48 Malaysian ringgit per ton. The reference price in June was 3,926.59 Malaysian ringgit per ton, with a 9.5% tariff [9] - The Malaysian Palm Oil Association (MPOA) said that from June 1 - 20, 2025, the production of Malaysian palm oil decreased by 4.55% month-on-month. Among them, the production in Peninsular Malaysia increased by 0.25% month-on-month, the production in Sabah decreased by 13.27% month-on-month, the production in Sarawak decreased by 4.56% month-on-month, and the production in East Malaysia decreased by 11.06% month-on-month [9] - Data from the Southern Malaysia Palm Oil Growers Association (SPPOMMA) showed that from June 1 - 20, 2025, the production of palm oil in southern Malaysia increased by 2.5% month-on-month, among which the yield per bunch of fresh fruit increased by 2.67% month-on-month, and the oil extraction rate (OER) decreased by 0.03% [9] - Shipping survey agency ITS released data showing that Malaysia's palm oil exports from June 1 - 25 were 1,134,230 tons, a 6.8% increase compared to the 1,061,589 tons exported from May 1 - 25. Among them, exports to China were 104,000 tons, a decrease of 4,000 tons compared to 107,000 tons in the same period last month [9] 3. Data Overview - The report provides multiple data charts, including the spot price of East China's third-grade rapeseed oil, the spot price of East China's fourth-grade soybean oil, the spot price of 24-degree palm oil in South China, the basis change of palm oil, the basis change of soybean oil, the basis change of rapeseed oil, the P1 - 5 price difference, the P5 - 9 price difference, the P9 - 1 price difference, the US dollar to Chinese yuan exchange rate, and the US dollar to Malaysian ringgit exchange rate [13][15][20][21][26][27]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No information provided in the given documents 2. Core View of the Report - After the stagnation or decline of crude oil, the oils and fats are expected to experience a compensatory decline due to the weak fundamentals. It is recommended to take short positions with a light hand or buy put options [2] 3. Summary According to Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Spot Price - **24 - degree palm oil**: On June 25, 2025, the prices in Tianjin, Zhangjiagang, and Huangpu remained unchanged compared to the previous day at 8640, 8570, and 8490 respectively [1] - **First - grade soybean oil**: On June 25, 2025, the prices in Tianjin, Zhangjiagang, and Huangpu decreased by 20 compared to the previous day, reaching 8140, 8240, and 8190 respectively [1] - **Fourth - grade rapeseed oil**: On June 25, 2025, the prices in Zhangjiagang, Wuhan, and Chengdu decreased by 100 compared to the previous day, reaching 9680, 9700, and 9880 respectively [1] 3.2 Futures Data - **Soybean - palm oil main contract spread**: On June 25, 2025, it was - 360, an increase of 16 compared to the previous day [1] - **Rapeseed - soybean main contract spread**: On June 25, 2025, it was 1492, a decrease of 130 compared to the previous day [1] - **Palm oil warehouse receipts**: On June 25, 2025, it remained at 0 [1] - **Soybean oil warehouse receipts**: On June 25, 2025, it remained at 18882 [1] - **Rapeseed oil warehouse receipts**: On June 25, 2025, it remained at 100 [1] 3.3 Palm Oil Information - **Malaysian production**: According to MPOA, from June 1 - 20, production decreased by 4.55% compared to the same period last month; according to SPPOMA, from June 1 - 20, production increased by 2.5% compared to the same period last month, from June 1 - 15, it decreased by 4%, from June 1 - 10, it decreased by 17%, and from June 1 - 5, it increased by 10% [2] - **Malaysian exports**: According to ITS, from June 1 - 25, exports increased by 7% compared to the previous period; from June 1 - 20, exports increased by 14% compared to the same period last month; from June 1 - 15, it increased by 26.3%; from June 1 - 10, it increased by 26.3% [2] - **Weather**: Malaysian precipitation is expected to be moderately low, which is beneficial for current production [2] 3.4 Soybean Information - **Argentine soybean harvest**: As of June 18, the harvest progress of the 2024/25 soybean season in Argentina was 96.5%, 3.3 percentage points higher than a week ago but still 2 percentage points behind last year. Early - sown soybeans were 98.4% harvested with an average yield of 3.16 tons per hectare, and late - sown soybeans were 91% harvested with an average yield of 2.5 tons per hectare [2] - **US soybean situation**: According to USDA, as of the week ending June 22, the sowing progress of US soybeans reached 96%, higher than the previous week's 93% but lower than the analysts' average expectation of 97% and the five - year average of 97%. The emergence rate was 90%, higher than the previous week's 84% and in line with the historical average. The first - reported flowering rate this week was 8%, higher than last year's and the historical average of 7%. The good - to - excellent rate was 66%, the same as last week and lower than the analysts' expectation of 67% [2] - **US weather**: Precipitation in the US is expected to be moderately high in the next two weeks, which is beneficial for improving soil moisture [2]

Report Summary 1. Industry Investment Rating No industry investment rating is provided in the report. 2. Core View - The prices of edible oils are expected to fluctuate and consolidate. The domestic fundamentals are loose, and the domestic edible oil supply is stable. The USDA's South American production forecast for 24/25 is high, the Malaysian palm oil inventory is neutral, demand has improved, and Indonesia's B40 policy promotes domestic consumption and reduces available supply. However, the international biodiesel profit is low, and demand is weak. The imposition of tariffs on Canadian canola in China has led to a rise in the canola sector, and the domestic edible oil fundamentals are neutral, with stable import inventories. Sino-US and Sino-Canadian relations have a macro-level impact on the market [2][3][4]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs Daily View - Soybean Oil - **Fundamentals**: The MPOB report shows that Malaysian palm oil production in March decreased by 9.8% month-on-month to 1.62 million tons, exports decreased by 14.74% to 1.49 million tons, and the end-of-month inventory decreased by 2.6% to 1.83 million tons. The report is neutral, with less-than-expected production cuts. Currently, shipping survey agencies show that the export data of Malaysian palm oil this month has increased by 4% month-on-month, and palm oil supply will increase in the subsequent production season [2]. - **Basis**: The spot price of soybean oil is 8,224, with a basis of 264, indicating that the spot price is higher than the futures price [2]. - **Inventory**: On June 2, the commercial inventory of soybean oil was 880,000 tons, up 20,000 tons from the previous period and 11.7% higher year-on-year [2]. - **Market**: The futures price is above the 20-day moving average, and the 20-day moving average is upward [2]. - **Main Position**: The long positions of the main soybean oil contract have increased [2]. - **Expectation**: The price of soybean oil Y2509 is expected to fluctuate in the range of 7,750 - 8,150 [2]. Daily View - Palm Oil - **Fundamentals**: Similar to soybean oil, the MPOB report is neutral, and palm oil supply will increase in the subsequent production season [3]. - **Basis**: The spot price of palm oil is 8,804, with a basis of 664, indicating that the spot price is higher than the futures price [3]. - **Inventory**: On June 2, the port inventory of palm oil was 380,000 tons, down 10,000 tons from the previous period and 34.1% lower year-on-year [3]. - **Market**: The futures price is above the 20-day moving average, and the 20-day moving average is upward [3]. - **Main Position**: The long positions of the main palm oil contract have increased [3]. - **Expectation**: The price of palm oil P2509 is expected to fluctuate in the range of 8,250 - 8,650 [3]. Daily View - Rapeseed Oil - **Fundamentals**: Similar to soybean oil and palm oil, the MPOB report is neutral, and palm oil supply will increase in the subsequent production season [4]. - **Basis**: The spot price of rapeseed oil is 9,656, with a basis of 151, indicating that the spot price is higher than the futures price [4]. - **Inventory**: On June 2, the commercial inventory of rapeseed oil was 650,000 tons, up 20,000 tons from the previous period and 3.2% higher year-on-year [4]. - **Market**: The futures price is above the 20-day moving average, and the 20-day moving average is upward [4]. - **Main Position**: The short positions of the main rapeseed oil contract have decreased [4]. - **Expectation**: The price of rapeseed oil OI2509 is expected to fluctuate in the range of 9,300 - 9,700 [4]. Recent利多利空 Analysis - **利多**: The US soybean stock-to-use ratio remains around 4%, indicating tight supply. It is the palm oil production reduction season [5]. - **利空**: Edible oil prices are historically high, and domestic edible oil inventories are continuously increasing. The macroeconomy is weak, and the expected production of related edible oils is high [5]. - **Main Logic**: The global edible oil fundamentals are loose [5].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint from Fangzheng Zhongqi Futures indicates that the support for rapeseed oil is between 9077-9180, while the resistance is between 9597-9599 [1][2] - Dayue Futures suggests that rapeseed oil is expected to fluctuate within the range of 9250-9650 [2] - The rise in crude oil prices has improved the profit margins for blending rapeseed oil with biodiesel, which is expected to positively impact demand [1][2] Group 2 - Domestic rapeseed oil inventory has decreased from previous highs but remains at elevated levels compared to historical data [1] - The supply outlook for June is expected to be ample due to sufficient arrivals and crushing volumes of rapeseed [1] - The new season's rapeseed planting is progressing smoothly, with expectations for a recovery in production [1]

证券代码：839979 油脂早报 2025-06-13投资咨询部 | 分析师: | 王明伟 | | --- | --- | | 从业资格号： | F0283029 | | 投资咨询号： | Z0010442 | | TEL: | 0575-85226759 | 每日观点 豆油 1.基本面：MPOB报告显示，MPOB月报显示马棕3月产量环比减少9.8%至162万吨，出口环比减少14.74%至 149万吨，月末库存环比减少2.6%至183万吨。报告中性，减产不及预期。目前船调机构显示本月目前马 棕出口数据环比增加4%，后续进入增产季，棕榈油供应上有所增加。中性 2.基差：豆油现货7954，基差266，现货升水期货。偏多 3.库存：6月2日豆油商业库存88万吨，前86万吨，环比+2万吨，同比+11.7% 。偏空 4.盘面：期价运行在20日均线上，20日均线朝下。中性 5.主力持仓：豆油主力多增。偏多 6.预期：油脂价格震荡整理，国内基本面宽松，国内油脂供应稳定。24/25年USDA南美产量预期较高，马 棕库存偏中性，需求有所好转，印尼B40促进国内消费，减少可供应量，但国际生柴利润偏低，需求疲软。 国内对加菜加征关 ...

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - The investment rating for the industry is neutral [4] Group 2: Report's Core View - Crude oil price increases support the prices of three major oils, causing them to fluctuate and strengthen [3] Group 3: Market Analysis Futures - The closing price of the palm oil 2509 contract was 8182.00 yuan/ton, a change of +72 yuan or +0.89% [1] - The closing price of the soybean oil 2509 contract was 7766.00 yuan/ton, a change of +28.00 yuan or +0.36% [1] - The closing price of the rapeseed oil 2509 contract was 9182.00 yuan/ton, a change of +42.00 yuan or +0.46% [1] Spot - The spot price of palm oil in Guangdong was 8550.00 yuan/ton, a change of +60.00 yuan or +0.71%, with a spot basis of P09 + 368.00, a change of -12.00 yuan [1] - The spot price of first - grade soybean oil in Tianjin was 7970.00 yuan/ton, a change of +50.00 yuan/ton or +0.63%, with a spot basis of Y09 + 204.00, a change of +22.00 yuan [1] - The spot price of fourth - grade rapeseed oil in Jiangsu was 9380.00 yuan/ton, a change of +40.00 yuan or +0.43%, with a spot basis of OI09 + 198.00, a change of -2.00 yuan [1] Group 4: Recent Market Information Summary US Soybean Export - As of the week ending June 5, 2025, the US soybean export inspection volume was 547040 tons, compared to the previous week's revised 301459 tons [2] - This crop year to date, the cumulative US soybean export inspection volume was 45188245 tons, compared to 40543390 tons in the same period of the previous year [2] - As of the week ending June 5, 2025, the US shipped 0 tons of soybeans to China (Mainland), compared to 64998 tons the previous week [2] Russia Wheat - Russian agricultural consulting firm Sovecon raised its forecast for Russia's 2025 wheat production by 1.8 million tons to 82.8 million tons, and noted severe weather in Rostov [2] International Oilseed Prices - Canadian rapeseed (July shipment) C&F price was 595 dollars/ton, up 3 dollars/ton from the previous trading day [2] - US Gulf soybeans (July shipment) C&F price was 459 dollars/ton, up 2 dollars/ton from the previous trading day [2] - Brazilian soybeans (July shipment) C&F price was 451 dollars/ton, up 4 dollars/ton from the previous trading day [2] Import Soybean Premiums - The import soybean premium for the Gulf of Mexico (July shipment) was 210 cents/bushel, unchanged from the previous trading day [2] - The import soybean premium for the US West Coast (July shipment) was 183 cents/bushel, unchanged from the previous trading day [2] - The import soybean premium for Brazilian ports (July shipment) was 172 cents/bushel, up 4 cents/bushel from the previous trading day [2]

油脂早报 2025-05-30投资咨询部 | 分析师: | 王明伟 | | --- | --- | | 从业资格号： | F0283029 | | 投资咨询号： | Z0010442 | | TEL: | 0575-85226759 | 每日观点 豆油 1.基本面：MPOB报告显示，MPOB月报显示马棕3月产量环比减少9.8%至162万吨，出口环比减少14.74%至 149万吨，月末库存环比减少2.6%至183万吨。报告中性，减产不及预期。目前船调机构显示本月目前马 棕出口数据环比增加4%，后续进入增产季，棕榈油供应上有所增加。中性 2.基差：豆油现货7984，基差292，现货升水期货。偏多 3.库存：5月23日豆油商业库存88万吨，前86万吨，环比+2万吨，同比+11.7% 。偏空 4.盘面：期价运行在20日均线上方且方向向上。偏多 5.主力持仓：豆油主力多增。偏多 6.预期：油脂价格震荡整理，国内基本面宽松，国内油脂供应稳定。24/25年USDA南美产量预期较高，马 棕库存偏中性，需求有所好转，印尼B40促进国内消费，减少可供应量，但国际生柴利润偏低，需求疲软。 国内对加菜加征关税导致菜系领涨，国内油脂基 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - The investment rating for the industry is Neutral [4] 2. Core View of the Report - Crude oil prices are falling, putting pressure on the prices of vegetable oils [1][3] 3. Summary by Related Catalogs Market Analysis - Futures: The closing price of the palm oil 2509 contract was 7,994 yuan/ton, a decrease of 110 yuan or 1.36% compared to the previous day; the closing price of the soybean oil 2509 contract was 7,760 yuan/ton, a decrease of 54 yuan or 0.69%; the closing price of the rapeseed oil 2509 contract was 9,405 yuan/ton, a decrease of 35 yuan or 0.37% [1] - Spot: In Guangdong, the spot price of palm oil was 8,560 yuan/ton, a decrease of 30 yuan or 0.35%, with a spot basis of P09 + 566 yuan, an increase of 80 yuan; in Tianjin, the spot price of first - grade soybean oil was 8,000 yuan/ton, a decrease of 40 yuan or 0.50%, with a spot basis of Y09 + 240 yuan, an increase of 14 yuan; in Jiangsu, the spot price of fourth - grade rapeseed oil was 9,590 yuan/ton, a decrease of 30 yuan or 0.31%, with a spot basis of OI09 + 185 yuan, an increase of 5 yuan [1] Recent Market Information Summary - Global soybean: The International Grains Council (IGC) maintained the 2025/26 global soybean production at 428 million tons, increased the trade volume by 2 million tons to 183 million tons, increased the consumption by 2 million tons to 429 million tons, and decreased the ending stocks by 2 million tons to 81 million tons [2] - Malaysian palm oil: In May, the palm oil production in Malaysia increased smoothly. From May 1 - 20, the production in South Malaysia increased by 3.7% month - on - month, with an average increase of 8.6% in the same period of the past 5 years. It is expected that the production in May will increase by about 5% month - on - month. In terms of exports, from May 1 - 20, the export volume increased by 5.25% month - on - month, with an average increase of 9.0% in the same period of the past 5 years. Due to Indonesia's increase in export fees, it is expected that the palm oil exports in Malaysia in May will increase by about 10% month - on - month [2] - International prices: The C&F price of Canadian rapeseed (June shipment) increased by 14 dollars/ton to 599 dollars/ton; the C&F price of Canadian rapeseed (July shipment) increased by 14 dollars/ton to 589 dollars/ton. The C&F price of Argentine soybean oil (June shipment) decreased by 6 dollars/ton to 1,097 dollars/ton; the C&F price of Argentine soybean oil (August shipment) decreased by 7 dollars/ton to 1,040 dollars/ton. The C&F price of Canadian rapeseed oil (June shipment) remained unchanged at 1,050 dollars/ton; the C&F price of Canadian rapeseed oil (August shipment) remained unchanged at 1,030 dollars/ton. The C&F price of US Gulf soybeans (June shipment) increased by 10 dollars/ton to 467 dollars/ton; the C&F price of US West soybeans (June shipment) increased by 10 dollars/ton to 462 dollars/ton; the C&F price of Brazilian soybeans (June shipment) increased by 9 dollars/ton to 444 dollars/ton. The import soybean premium for the Mexican Gulf (June shipment) remained unchanged at 212 cents/bushel; the import soybean premium for the US West Coast (June shipment) remained unchanged at 185 cents/bushel; the import soybean premium for Brazilian ports (June shipment) increased by 18 cents/bushel to 148 cents/bushel [2]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating There is no information provided regarding the report industry investment rating in the given content. 2. Core View of the Report The report comprehensively analyzes the palm oil market and related industries, covering aspects such as production, price, weather, and profit. It presents data on international palm oil production, prices of various oils, import and processing profits, weather conditions in palm oil - producing regions, and biodiesel processing and blending profits, as well as the demand - side situation of the oil market [4][8][11][128]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Palm Oil Production and Market Data - MPOB data shows that in the 4th period, the palm oil production situation includes aspects such as the production of smallholders and large - scale plantations, with a 14% increase in production in certain areas compared to the previous period, and a 20% increase in the 4th period compared to the 3rd period in some regions [4]. - The prices of international soybeans from different origins (Ukraine, Brazil, Germany, etc.) and various international oils (Russian sunflower oil, Indonesian CPO, etc.) are presented, with price fluctuations over different time points from March to May 2025 [8][12]. - The FOB price spreads of different oils, such as the price spreads between Malaysian and Indonesian RBD Olein, and between Argentine soybean oil and Indonesian CPO, are analyzed [15][17]. 3.2 Import and Processing Profits - The palm oil on - the - plate profit for different shipping dates (from October to May) is presented, showing profit fluctuations over time [30]. - The import and processing profits of Brazilian soybean oil and Canadian rapeseed are also analyzed, with historical data from 2021 - 2025 and the average value from 2021 - 2024 [31]. 3.3 Weather Conditions in Palm Oil - Producing Regions - Weather data for multiple palm oil - producing regions in Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak, Pahang, Johor) and other areas (Kalimantan, Sumatra, Jambi, Riau) are provided, including soil moisture, average weekly temperature, daily rainfall, and rainfall and temperature forecasts [38][51][65]. 3.4 Biodiesel - The processing profit and blending profit of US biodiesel are analyzed, with historical data from 2007 - 2025 and the average value from 2007 - 2024 (for processing profit) and 2021 - 2024 (for blending profit) [129][131]. 3.5 Demand - Side Situation - The weekly trading volume of different oils (palm oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil) is presented, showing the trading volume changes from April 15 to May 9, 2025 [141][142].