（原标题：美国政府"关门"危机陷入持久战，影响有多大？） 南方财经 21世纪经济报道记者吴斌 美国政府停摆乱局几无好转迹象。据央视报道，当地时间10月9日，美国民主党提出的临时拨款法案在 国会参议院的投票中再次未获通过。同日，美国共和党提出的结束美国政府停摆的法案未能在参议院获 得足够票数，法案未获通过。市场预测显示，美国政府可能停摆15天以上。 美国总统特朗普9日表示，鉴于美国国会在重启政府问题上似乎仍陷于僵局，他计划削减一些受民主党 欢迎的联邦项目。"将进行永久性的削减，而且只会削减民主党的项目"。特朗普没有具体说明他计划削 减哪些项目，但特朗普几天来一直威胁称，如果民主党继续坚持要求以让步换取通过联邦拨款法案，他 将开始大规模裁员。 美国联邦政府因两党政治博弈而关门在历史上并不少见。20世纪70年代以来，美国联邦政府因共和、民 主两党政策分歧导致拨款中断而"停摆"已有二十多次。 上一次也是最长的一次"停摆"发生在2018年年底至2019年年初，特朗普第一任期内，民主党反对特朗普 提出的美墨边境墙项目拨款，两党在移民问题上争斗不休，导致政府关门五周。当时大约四分之一的联 邦政府机构"关门"持续五周，殃及8 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Views of the Report - Gold: The risk - averse demand is boosted by the US government shutdown, with over 90% expectation of a Fed rate cut in October. Real interest rates are declining, and there is capital inflow led by Western investors due to the "currency depreciation trade". Central banks' continuous gold - buying and geopolitical uncertainties strengthen the long - term logic [3]. - Copper: Shanghai copper futures opened higher due to the rise in overseas copper prices, but the willingness of the industry to accept goods at high prices is questionable. If post - holiday consumption fails to follow up, copper prices may face downward pressure [15]. - Zinc: The supply is in an oversupply state. The domestic zinc ore has a price advantage, and overseas zinc ore supply is abundant. The domestic inventory is accumulating, and the LME inventory is decreasing. Zinc prices are expected to fluctuate in the short term [36]. - Nickel: During the National Day holiday, overseas nickel prices were strong due to policy uncertainties in Indonesia. The supply of upstream nickel ore is expected to tighten, while downstream demand has not significantly improved. Domestic nickel prices are expected to rise slightly after the holiday but with limited upward momentum [51]. - Tin: After the Fed's interest rate decision, the macro impact on tin prices has decreased. In the short - term, the supply is tight, and the weak demand has little impact on prices. Tin prices are likely to fluctuate [66]. - Lithium carbonate: The previous expectation of a shutdown in Jiangxi's lithium ore market has not been verified. Attention should be paid to the resumption progress of Xiawo lithium ore and the restocking of downstream sectors [77]. - Silicon: For industrial silicon, prices may rise slightly as enterprises are expected to cut production during the dry season, but the high inventory will limit the price increase. For polysilicon, the market will focus on the expectations of "platform establishment in October" and "centralized cancellation of warehouse receipts in November", and the risk is relatively high [87]. - Aluminum: For aluminum, the short - term price is affected by the mismatch between the increase in seasonal demand and the decline compared to the previous year. The inventory is expected to accumulate during the National Day, but the policy may bring positive sentiment, and the short - term trend is slightly bullish. For alumina, it is in an oversupply state, but the downward profit space may be limited. For cast aluminum alloy, the price is supported by raw material costs and pre - holiday stocking, but weak demand suppresses the price, and it is expected to fluctuate slightly upward [117][118][119]. 3. Summary by Related Catalogs Gold - The US government shutdown, high Fed rate - cut expectation, capital inflow, central bank gold - buying, and geopolitical factors are favorable for gold [3]. - Multiple figures show the price trends of SHFE gold and silver, COMEX gold, and the relationships between gold and other factors such as the US dollar index and US Treasury real interest rates [4][8][9][10] Copper - Shanghai copper futures opened higher due to overseas price increases, but high - price acceptance and post - holiday consumption are concerns [15]. - The daily data of copper futures show price changes in different contracts, and copper spot data also show price fluctuations [16][22]. - Data on copper import profit, concentrate processing fees, scrap - to - refined copper price difference, and warehouse receipts are presented [27][31][32] Zinc - The supply side shows an oversupply situation, with differences in domestic and overseas markets. The demand side has issues such as inventory accumulation and low downstream开工 rates [36]. - Zinc futures and spot price data show price changes and spreads [37][42]. - Zinc inventory data show the changes in domestic and overseas inventories [47] Nickel - Overseas nickel prices were strong during the holiday due to Indonesian policy uncertainties. Upstream supply is expected to tighten, and downstream demand is weak [51]. - Data on nickel and stainless - steel futures and spot prices, as well as downstream profit margins, are provided [52][61] Tin - After the Fed's decision, the macro impact on tin prices has decreased. Short - term supply is tight, and prices are likely to fluctuate [66]. - Tin futures and spot price data show price changes, and inventory data also show changes [67][71][73] Lithium carbonate - The expectation of a shutdown in the Jiangxi lithium ore market has failed. Attention should be paid to restocking and production resumption [77]. - Lithium carbonate futures and spot price data show price changes, and inventory data show changes [78][80][84] Silicon - Industrial silicon prices may rise slightly during the dry season, but high inventory limits the increase. Polysilicon market is affected by expectations and has high risks [87]. - Data on industrial silicon and polysilicon spot and futures prices, as well as production, inventory, and cost data, are presented [88][89][110] Aluminum - Aluminum prices are affected by demand, inventory, and policy. Alumina is in an oversupply state, but the downward profit space may be limited. Cast aluminum alloy is affected by cost and demand [117][118][119]. - Aluminum, alumina, and aluminum alloy futures and spot price data show price changes and spreads [120][123][130] - Aluminum and alumina inventory data show changes in different regions [140]

Core Viewpoint - The global debt has surpassed $337 trillion, with the U.S. owing $38 trillion and Japan's government debt exceeding twice its GDP, raising concerns about the sustainability of such high debt levels in the face of economic challenges [1][3][4] Group 1: Debt Dynamics - Modern economies rely heavily on borrowing, with money essentially being a form of "IOU" from central banks, leading to a situation where debt is continuously accumulated rather than repaid [4][5] - The current economic model is unsustainable; if borrowing were to cease, it would lead to a systemic collapse, affecting governments, businesses, and individuals alike [4][5] Group 2: Potential Risks - The first major risk is rising interest rates, which could increase borrowing costs for emerging markets, leading to layoffs and reduced consumer spending, creating a vicious cycle [7][9] - The second risk involves a loss of confidence in debt repayment, where defaults by certain countries or companies could trigger widespread panic and sell-offs in the bond market [10][11] Group 3: Country-Specific Insights - The U.S. benefits from being the global reserve currency, with capital flowing into U.S. debt despite its poor performance compared to other currencies [12] - Japan's debt situation is unique, as it primarily owes its own central bank and citizens, allowing it to maintain low interest rates without immediate repayment pressure [13] Group 4: Investment Implications - The ongoing global debt situation is akin to a "hot potato" game, where individuals are either contributing to debt through loans or facing the consequences of inflation [14] - The recent rise in gold prices reflects a shift towards tangible assets as a hedge against currency devaluation and potential debt defaults [14]

Group 1 - The House Republicans successfully advanced President Trump's large-scale tax and spending bill to the final voting stage, indicating a resolution of internal disagreements regarding the bill's fiscal impact [1] - The bill passed the House with a narrow margin of 219 votes to 213 after extensive discussions between lawmakers and the White House [1] - The nonpartisan analysis predicts that the bill will increase the U.S. debt by $3.4 trillion over the next decade, including a $900 million cut to Medicaid for low-income individuals [1] Group 2 - Trump criticized the delay in voting on the bill, emphasizing that it should have been an easy decision for Republicans and warned that failure to pass the bill could alienate core MAGA supporters [2] - Democrats collectively opposed the bill, arguing that the tax benefits disproportionately favor the wealthy while cutting essential public services for low- and middle-income groups [3] - The Congressional Budget Office estimates that nearly 12 million people may lose health insurance due to the bill's provisions [3] Group 3 - The bill includes significant components of Trump's domestic policy, extending the 2017 tax cuts, cutting funding for healthcare and food safety net programs, and increasing the debt ceiling by $5 trillion [4] - Concerns have arisen among some Republicans regarding the Medicaid cuts, prompting the Senate to allocate additional funding for rural hospitals [4]

Core Insights - The Bank of Canada warns that U.S. policies are unpredictable in the short term, which may increase market volatility [1] - In extreme cases, volatility could lead to disruptions in market functionality [1] - Prolonged trade wars are expected to heighten the risk of debt defaults [1]