点击 最 下方 关注《材料汇》 ， 点击"在看"和" "并分享 添加 小编微信 ，遇见 志同道合 的你 特别福利 （欢迎加入 材料汇商业航天交流群 并记住加小编微信 ） 2 月 7 日，酒泉卫星发射中心传来重磅消息，长征二号 F 运载火箭成功将可重复使用试验航天器送入预定轨道，这一里程 碑式的发射，再度印证了可回收技术是航天产业从 "单次探索" 走向 "规模化应用" 的核心方向。 可回收航天装备的材料选型史，正是一部 "性能、成本、重复使用性" 的平衡艺术史， 商业航天的核心竞争，早已 从"能否上天"转向"能否低成本重复上天" 。而这一转变的关键，藏在可回收火箭 、航天器 的 每一寸结构里—— 材料选择，既是技术突破的基石，更是降本逻辑的终极落地 。 从长征系列火箭的材料优化，到国际商业航天标杆产品的技术迭代 ，可回收火箭的材料迭代史，正是一部"性能、成本、 重复使用性"的平衡艺术史， 本文将全面拆解这一变革背后的科学逻辑与商业考量， 揭秘 97% 降本的核心密码 。 （1）极端环境适应性： 需耐受-196℃（液氧低温）至1200℃（再入气动加热）的温差，同时抵御高压燃烧、高速气流冲刷 与着陆冲击； （2）重 ...

Core Viewpoint - The core competition in commercial aerospace has shifted from "can it go to space" to "can it go to space repeatedly at low cost," with the key to this shift lying in the materials used for reusable rockets, which are essential for both technological breakthroughs and cost reduction [3][4]. Group 1: Material Selection Principles - Reusable rockets must meet three critical criteria: extreme environmental adaptability, durability for multiple uses, and cost-effective mass production [6][7]. - The materials must withstand temperatures from -196°C to 1200°C, endure high-pressure combustion, and resist wear and tear to minimize maintenance costs after recovery [6][7]. Group 2: Structural Material Analysis - The main structure of reusable rockets includes the airframe, propulsion system, recovery landing system, fairing, and navigation control system, with each component requiring targeted material selection [9]. - The airframe has transitioned from a focus on lightweight materials to practical applications, with stainless steel becoming the mainstream choice due to its low cost and ability to withstand extreme conditions [10][14]. Group 3: Propulsion System Requirements - The propulsion system, which includes the engine combustion chamber and nozzle, must endure temperatures exceeding 2000°C, necessitating materials that are heat-resistant and capable of withstanding high-pressure loads [16][17]. Group 4: Recovery Landing System - The recovery landing system is crucial for reusable rockets, requiring materials that can absorb impact loads during landing and withstand aerodynamic heating during re-entry [20][21]. Group 5: Fairing and Navigation Control System - The fairing protects payloads and must be lightweight, insulated, and vibration-resistant, while the navigation control system components need to function reliably under extreme conditions [23][25]. Group 6: Material Mixing Trends - The trend in material selection for reusable rockets has moved towards a combination of materials tailored for specific functions, balancing cost, performance, and reliability [26][28]. - This approach avoids the high costs associated with carbon fiber and the fatigue issues of aluminum-lithium alloys while leveraging the strengths of stainless steel [28]. Group 7: Future Trends in Material Innovation - Future developments in reusable rocket materials will focus on enhancing stainless steel performance and breakthroughs in low-cost composite materials, potentially increasing the number of reuse cycles and reducing launch costs significantly [30][31].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Buy" rating for Jiufeng Energy, highlighting its potential in the commercial aerospace sector [1]. Core Insights - The commercial aerospace industry is transitioning into a phase of scaled launches, with supply capabilities continuously being released. This shift is characterized by an increase in launch frequency and demand for launch services [9]. - The cost structure of launches is evolving, with a clear path towards cost reduction through high payload capacity and reusability of rockets. The unit launch cost in China is expected to decrease significantly from approximately 115,000 RMB per kilogram in 2020 to around 45,000 RMB per kilogram by 2029 [28]. - The demand for propellants and special gases is becoming increasingly rigid, with their value and share in the overall cost structure expected to rise over time. Liquid oxygen and methane are emerging as preferred propellant choices due to their advantages in reusability and operational efficiency [37][39]. Summary by Sections 1. Industry Trends - The commercial aerospace sector is moving from a capability-building phase to a scaled launch phase, driven by the acceleration of low Earth orbit satellite constellation construction [9]. - China's launch infrastructure has developed a comprehensive system, including multiple inland and coastal launch sites, enhancing overall launch capacity [10]. 2. Cost Structure and Reduction Pathways - The cost structure of launches is being dissected, revealing that consumable elements like propellants are becoming more significant as launch frequencies increase. The rigid nature of these costs is highlighted as a core constraint in the industry [17][19]. - The unit cost of launching satellites is a critical economic indicator, with current costs in China being higher than those of international competitors like SpaceX. The report indicates that the unit launch cost for the Falcon 9 has decreased to approximately 20,000 RMB per kilogram [23][25]. 3. Propellant and Special Gas Demand - The report emphasizes the increasing importance of propellant selection in the context of reusability and operational stability. Liquid oxygen and methane are positioned as the leading choices for future rocket designs due to their cleaner combustion and lower maintenance requirements [39][41]. - Jiufeng Energy is recommended for its strategic positioning in the supply of special gases and propellants, which are expected to see long-term growth in value and market share [1][37].

Core Conclusion - By 2026, China's commercial aerospace industry is expected to reach a turning point in cost reduction for launch capacity, driven by the concentrated deployment of low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations and the normalization of high-frequency launches, with reusable rockets nearing breakthroughs in reducing unit launch costs. The industry's business model will shift from state-driven tasks to market-driven profitability, with a valuation logic transitioning towards "space infrastructure" as application scenarios and business models are restructured [3]. Market Outlook - 2026 is anticipated to be a prosperous year for China's commercial aerospace sector, with an accelerated pace of multi-constellation launches transitioning to large-scale deployment, leading to a rapid increase in rocket launch frequency. The commercial rocket launch service market in China is projected to grow from 10.26 billion yuan in 2025 to 47.39 billion yuan by 2030, corresponding to a CAGR of approximately 35.8%, primarily driven by high-frequency launch demand from dense deployment of LEO constellations [4][11]. - The industry is expected to maintain medium to long-term growth, with over 237,000 satellites needing to be deployed in accordance with ITU regulations by 2039. Starlink currently has over 9,000 satellites in orbit, and the demand for subsequent launches remains robust due to tightening frequency resources [4][11]. Cost Reduction Pathways - The essence of commercial rockets is a "space logistics" business, where core variables include efficiency improvements and cost reductions in launch capacity. Key pathways for cost reduction include breakthroughs in full-flow engine technology, high-frequency reuse capabilities, and industrialization in manufacturing [5]. - The unit cost of launching rockets is expected to decrease significantly through various stages: 1. Initial launch cost is approximately 55,000 yuan/kg 2. By around 2026, after achieving first-stage reuse, costs may drop to about 25,000 yuan/kg 3. Upgrading from aluminum to stainless steel structures could further reduce costs to approximately 19,000 yuan/kg 4. With the maturation of recovery methods, costs may decline to around 13,000 yuan/kg 5. Long-term, achieving second-stage reuse could bring costs close to 5,000 yuan/kg [5]. Industry Structure and Investment Opportunities - The commercial rocket industry is still in its early growth and valuation evolution phase. Key catalysts for valuation uplift in China's commercial aerospace sector include the realization of reusable rockets for large-scale LEO satellite networking and the transition from customized to standardized launches through long-term batch tasks [7][8]. - The valuation logic for commercial aerospace companies is shifting from manufacturing-oriented to platform and infrastructure-oriented technology enterprises, covering diverse long-term space mission needs such as manned flights and deep space exploration [8]. Key Players and Market Segments - The core technical barriers in rocket engines are concentrated in critical components such as thrust chambers and turbine pumps. The value in satellite manufacturing is primarily found in communication payloads [9]. - Key companies involved in the aerospace supply chain include: - Power Systems: Yingliu Co., Srey New Materials, Guoji Precision Engineering - Satellite Communication Systems: Shanghai Hantong, Aerospace Electronics, Guobo Electronics - Materials and Structural Components: Western Materials, Parker New Materials, Guoji Heavy Industry, Huazhuo High-Tech - Testing and Verification: Xicai Testing, Su Testing [9][10].

Investment Rating - The report rates the industry as "stronger than the market" [1] Core Insights - The report concludes that 2026 will mark a turning point for China's commercial aerospace industry, with a shift from state-driven missions to market-driven profitability, driven by the deployment of low-orbit satellite constellations and advancements in reusable rocket technology [1][6] - The commercial rocket launch service market in China is projected to grow from 10.26 billion yuan in 2025 to 47.39 billion yuan by 2030, with a CAGR of approximately 35.8% [1][12] - The report emphasizes that the core components of rocket launch services are engines (54%) and structural components (24%), which together account for 78% of the value in the launch service segment [1][12] Summary by Sections Industry Overview - The commercial aerospace industry is defined as activities that provide aerospace products and services through social capital investment under national policy guidance, including the R&D, manufacturing, launch, and operation of spacecraft and rockets [6][7] - The global aerospace economy is expected to reach $612 billion by 2024, with commercial aerospace revenues accounting for approximately $480 billion, representing about 78% of the total [6][7] Market Dynamics - The demand for satellite launches is expected to surge as China enters a concentrated deployment phase for low-orbit satellite constellations, with over 200,000 satellites planned for deployment [18][19] - The report highlights that the competition for low-orbit frequency resources is intensifying, necessitating faster deployment of satellite constellations [19][21] Cost Structure and Efficiency - The report breaks down the cost structure of rockets, indicating that engines and structural components dominate the value chain [1][12] - It outlines a pathway for reducing launch costs, projecting that the unit cost of launching payloads could decrease significantly as technology advances [1][12] Investment Recommendations - The report suggests focusing on companies involved in key segments such as propulsion systems, satellite communication systems, materials and structural components, and testing and validation services [2][4] - Specific companies to watch include 应流股份 (603308), 斯瑞新材 (688102), and 上海瀚讯 (300762), among others [2][4]