Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent unilateral tariff warnings issued by the Trump administration to various countries, highlighting the lack of negotiation and the implications for international trade relationships [2][5][10]. Group 1: Trade Negotiations - Japanese representatives have made seven trips to Washington in three months, covering over 150,000 kilometers in an effort to negotiate "reciprocal tariffs" [1] - Since April, Asian trade negotiators have visited Washington over 20 times, accumulating more than 770 hours of flight time and over 350,000 kilometers, equivalent to circling the globe 14 times [1] Group 2: Tariff Warnings - The U.S. issued a stern, template-like tariff warning letter to Japan, stating that the U.S.-Japan relationship is "far from reciprocal" and announcing a unilateral 25% tariff on Japanese goods [6][8] - Brazil received a similar letter two days later, despite having a trade surplus with the U.S. exceeding $410 billion over the past 15 years, and the Brazilian government formally rejected the letter [6][8] Group 3: Economic Implications - The letter emphasizes the narrative of "trade deficit," blaming trade partners for high tariffs and barriers, while many economists argue that the U.S. trade deficit is primarily due to domestic spending exceeding output [7] - The letter's format transforms negotiations into a "unilateral notification," lacking terms like "consultation" or "discussion," and presents the tariffs as a mere "courtesy" [7][8] Group 4: International Reactions - The letter suggests that tariffs may fluctuate based on the U.S. relationship with each country, increasing uncertainty in the international trade system [8] - Countries like Brazil and South Africa have expressed their intent to retaliate against unilateral tariff increases, indicating a potential escalation in trade tensions [8]

中国青年报客户端讯（中青报·中青网见习记者 马子倩 记者 贾晓静）"（美国）关税政策叠加移民限 制，将对美国经济增长和通胀带来不利影响，并波及全球市场。"美国著名学者、美国咨询公司欧亚集 团主席克里夫·库普坎日前在中国人民大学重阳金融研究院（人大重阳）举办的区域国别论坛之"全球名 家"活动上说。 库普坎在演讲中表示，当前世界正处于"史无前例的国际不确定性时期"，全球体系正在因多重因素动 荡。大国竞争如同"重力"，无论人们是否喜欢，它都客观存在，中美竞争已成为国际体系的结构性常 态。美俄紧张、以伊冲突等地区局势也在叠加，进一步增加体系的不稳定性。 美国著名 学者、美国咨询公司欧亚集团主席克里夫·库普坎。主办方供图 库普坎认为，特朗普政府正在推动美国进入以关税为核心的新型对外经济政策体系，目前美国对所有进 口商品的平均有效税率为15%，上一次达到这一水平是在1938年。他预计，未来美国对进口商品的税率 将长期维持10%至15%的水平，并形成新的国际贸易体系结构。这背后反映的是美国国内政治极化和保 护主义力量的上升。 人大重阳院长、全球领导力学院院长王文表示，尽管当前中美在观点上可能存在分歧，只要能坐下来面 对面讨 ...

"今年是欧盟和中国建交50周年。在我看来，建立外交关系最重要的意义在于求同存异，保持接触和交 流。"德国资深外交官沃尔夫冈·罗尔（中文名芮悟峰）日前接受本报记者专访时表示，欧盟和中国建交 50周年是双方深化关系的契机，应进一步扩大贸易和投资往来。 如今，中德双方除了继续扩大在机械制造等传统领域的合作，在数字经济、人工智能和清洁能源等新兴 领域的合作也不断加强。"德中两国在不同领域各有优势，互相学习让双方受益良多。"芮悟峰说，"在 实现全球气候目标的道路上，中国企业和产品为我们提供了许多支持，比如光伏电池、电动汽车等，德 国市场上的多数光伏电池产自中国。" 展望未来，芮悟峰表示，欧中应求同存异，合作共赢，进一步拉近距离。"我们应在全球事务中加强合 作，推动应对气候变化《巴黎协定》等重要国际条约的落实，推动国际贸易体系朝着更加开放和公平的 方向发展，共同倡导以国际法为基础的国际秩序，互相尊重主权和领土完整，互不侵犯，共同维护全球 繁荣稳定。"芮悟峰说。 （文章来源：人民日报） 芮悟峰认为，经贸、科技合作之外，德中两国文化交流同样大有可为。2007年到2010年，芮悟峰担任两 国交流活动——"德中同行"负责人，携德 ...

Group 1 - The article discusses the unilateral increase of tariffs by the United States, which violates World Trade Organization (WTO) obligations and undermines the multilateral international trade system [1] - The U.S. imposition of differential tariffs on other WTO members contravenes the Most-Favored-Nation principle, which mandates equal treatment among member countries unless exempted by the WTO [1] - Since the announcement of tariff increases, there has been a significant rise in public interest, with a 1650% increase in Google searches for the term "tariff," indicating a heightened awareness of the implications of U.S. tariff policies on individuals, businesses, and the economy [1] Group 2 - Tariffs are taxes levied on imported goods, intended to protect domestic industries from foreign competition and increase government revenue [2] - Economists argue that excessive tariffs can have counterproductive effects, suppressing consumption, raising local prices, and exacerbating inflation [2] - The burden of tariffs ultimately falls on consumers and businesses, particularly impacting low-income consumers and potentially leading to trade wars [2] - Tariffs hinder global trade flow, resulting in fragmentation of international trade, which is expected to have adverse effects on the global economy and individual national economies over the next three years [2]