眼看着2025就要过去了，AI有让我们的未来世界更有希望吗？ 至少在这个年末，答案是没有。 周一一上班，就接连刷出了下面这些新闻，让人倒吸一口凉气。 2025年，美国有近5.5万岗位被AI取代，总裁员人数达到了117万。 一位62岁的英国老人，在2024年被裁员后，疯狂申请了900份工作，终于在12月重新上岸了。AI，让他的求职过程更加困难。 图灵三巨头之一的Bengio，都在担忧全民失业的问题。他悲观预言：未来，人类将被AI取代。 未来20年，你的同事很可能不是人了！五位顶尖职场专家对未来20年的工作进行了预测，到时管理层将消失，周休不再，只有5类人才能统治下个20年。 Anthropic CEO，也预言了人类工作的终结。他表示：AGI将彻底重塑社会，这绝非夸张。劳动力市场，可能马上就要崩溃。 每刷出一篇，心情都更沉重一分。人类的未来，会更好吗？ 62岁英国老人被裁，狂投900份简历 这位来自英国的62岁老人Jim Herrington，在24年3月被裁了。 为了尽快衔接，他每天像上班一样找工作：早上8点坐到电脑前，精挑细选自己能做的岗位；为每一个职位写一封Cover Letter；经常参加线下 netwo ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the "Alignment Problem" in AI, emphasizing the need to ensure AI systems align with human values and intentions, particularly in the context of labor market impacts and the necessity for proactive measures to address potential inequalities [2][3]. Group 1: AI and Labor Market Dynamics - AI is expected to exacerbate structural employment contradictions, necessitating effective policy responses to address these challenges [3]. - The relationship between AI development and employment must be managed carefully, focusing on complementarity between human capital and AI skills rather than competition [2]. - The "Solow Paradox" is referenced, highlighting the potential for AI to improve productivity without immediate visible benefits, suggesting that the distribution of productivity gains may not be equitable [5][6]. Group 2: Employment Characteristics and Challenges - The current labor market is characterized by three main features: new employment forms, localized labor mobility, and age-related disparities in the workforce [12]. - The rise of new employment forms may lead to increased informal employment, which poses risks to social security and worker rights [12]. - Labor mobility is decreasing, with workers increasingly remaining in local areas, which could hinder productivity improvements and wage growth [13]. Group 3: Policy Recommendations and Future Directions - Proactive measures are needed at various stages (preemptive, during, and post-implementation) to address the alignment of AI with employment priorities [7][14]. - Education and vocational training must evolve to meet the demands of the AI era, promoting lifelong learning and adaptability in the workforce [14]. - The importance of sharing productivity gains through reforms and social safety nets is emphasized to ensure equitable benefits from AI advancements [8][15].

报道指出，在潜在 IPO 启动前，Anthropic 正推进一轮私募融资，目标估值达 3500 亿美元。目前公 司已与多家大型投行展开相关计划磋商，但谈判仍处于早期阶段。Anthropic 此举或意在抢占竞争对 手 OpenAI 的先机，OpenAI 正考虑于 2026 年下半年上市，估值可能达到此前难以想象的 1 万亿美 元。 在最新播客采访中，Anthropic 首席执行官 Dario Amodei 不仅透露了 Anthropic 的实际收入情况，还 进一步谈到了当前 AI 行业正面临的"两难困境"和竞争护城河，以及后 AGI 时代解决的工作岗位流失 风险的多方面策略。 值得一提的是，Amodei 大嘲了 OpenAI 启动"红色警报"状态一事，并多次 diss 了其首席执行官 Sam Altman 的管理思路与为争夺 AI 行业顶端位置的巨额资金投入。 整理 | 华卫 刚刚，有消息称，Claude 聊天机器人制造商 Anthropic 正为上市计划做准备，估值或超 3000 亿美 元。 据外媒最新报道，Anthropic 已委托硅谷律师事务所 Wilson Sonsini 协助推进最快于明年年初的首次 ...

Core Insights - The rise of automation and robotics is fundamentally changing the labor landscape, leading to a shift in human roles from primary operators to auxiliary supporters [1][2][3] - The concept of "technological unemployment" has resurfaced, with workers expressing anxiety over job security as machines increasingly replace human labor [3][11] - Different age groups of workers exhibit varying attitudes towards automation, influenced by their life stages and responsibilities [5][10] Group 1: Automation and Its Impact - Automation is not just enhancing production efficiency but is also reshaping daily life and work practices, with technologies like self-service kiosks and AI-driven services becoming commonplace [2] - The introduction of industrial robots and CNC machines in factories is leading to a significant reduction in the need for human labor, raising concerns about job displacement [2][3] Group 2: Worker Perspectives - Younger workers tend to be less concerned about job loss due to automation, viewing it as an opportunity to explore different roles, while middle-aged workers prioritize job stability and express more anxiety [5][10] - Older workers nearing retirement often show indifference to automation trends, as they have fulfilled their primary responsibilities and are less likely to be affected by job displacement [5][10] Group 3: Case Studies of Worker Experiences - In a case study of a Japanese automotive seat manufacturing company, the introduction of welding robots led to significant job losses among skilled welders, who faced reduced wages and job security [11][12] - Despite initial resistance, workers ultimately had to negotiate reduced benefits and accept the reality of job cuts, highlighting the challenges of collective action in the face of automation [12][13] Group 4: Opportunities and Challenges - Some workers embrace technological advancements, believing that acquiring new skills in automation and robotics can lead to better job prospects and upward mobility [16][18] - However, the rapid pace of technological change means that workers must continuously invest in their education and skills to remain competitive, as knowledge can quickly become obsolete [18][19]

Group 1 - The article discusses the increasing vulnerability of middle-aged individuals in the job market, highlighting the stark reality of unemployment among those who once held prestigious positions [1][3][12] - It emphasizes the collapse of the "American Dream" and the myth of meritocracy, where hard work no longer guarantees success, particularly for highly educated individuals facing long-term unemployment [3][6][32] - The stigma associated with long-term unemployment is a significant theme, illustrating how societal perceptions can lead to a sense of shame and self-doubt among those affected [19][21][31] Group 2 - The research by Ofer Sharone reveals the harsh realities faced by highly educated individuals who find themselves unemployed, often leading to economic and psychological distress [4][6][9] - The article presents case studies of individuals, such as Larry, who despite having advanced degrees and extensive work experience, end up in low-paying jobs after prolonged unemployment [7][9][12] - It highlights the systemic issues contributing to unemployment, including age discrimination and the impact of economic cycles, which disproportionately affect older job seekers [16][18][32] Group 3 - The narrative reflects a broader societal anxiety about job security, where even those in higher economic strata fear falling from success [12][14][32] - The article suggests that the myth of meritocracy creates unrealistic expectations, leading to a cycle of blame and shame for those who become unemployed [11][19][31] - It calls for a shift in perspective, advocating for a supportive community that recognizes the systemic nature of unemployment rather than attributing it solely to individual failure [26][27][29]

Group 1 - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to understanding innovation-driven economic growth [3] - Philippe Aghion's work emphasizes the central role of innovation in economic development, highlighting the dual nature of technological revolutions as both a threat and an opportunity [3] - The article discusses the characteristics of general-purpose technologies, which include the generation of secondary innovations, gradual cost improvements, and widespread diffusion across economic sectors [4] Group 2 - Secondary innovations are crucial for adapting general-purpose technologies to specific sectors, leading to productivity improvements and long-term growth, although they may initially slow GDP growth [5] - There are instances where society may not optimally adopt new technologies due to a lack of secondary innovations or widespread acceptance, leading to the persistence of suboptimal standards [6] - The adoption of new general-purpose technologies requires time for users to learn efficient usage, which can lead to price reductions for older technology as newer versions become more efficient [7] Group 3 - Households exhibit similar delays in adopting new technologies as businesses, primarily influenced by price declines [8] - Delays in the spread of technological waves, such as the electricity revolution, can be attributed to infrastructure and institutional deficiencies in other countries [9] - Measuring productivity gains from new general-purpose technologies can be challenging, particularly in the service sector, where improvements may not be well reflected in productivity statistics [10] Group 4 - Automation and artificial intelligence are increasingly impacting production activities, yet the expected surge in growth rates in developed countries has not materialized, possibly due to the continued necessity of labor in key processes [11] - Historical perspectives reveal that fears of job loss due to automation have existed for centuries, but technological advancements have often led to positive employment outcomes [12] - Studies indicate that increased automation in factories correlates with job creation, particularly in non-skilled manufacturing roles, challenging the notion that automation solely destroys jobs [12][13] Group 5 - Industries with higher levels of automation tend to experience job growth, suggesting a positive relationship between automation and employment [13] - Measures to slow down automation, such as taxing robots, may hinder productivity and innovation, ultimately harming job creation [14] - The article concludes that while technological revolutions may initially present challenges, they do not necessarily lead to widespread unemployment and can create net job gains in automated environments [15]

Group 1 - Nestlé plans to lay off approximately 16,000 employees globally over the next two years, with around 12,000 of these being white-collar professionals [3][6] - The company's sales for the first nine months of 2025 amounted to 65.87 billion Swiss francs, reflecting a 1.9% decline, while organic growth was reported at 3.3% [3] - The restructuring aims to save 1 billion Swiss francs annually by 2027, doubling the initial target of 500 million Swiss francs, with one-time restructuring costs expected to be twice the annual savings [3][9] Group 2 - The layoffs are a response to ongoing global economic pressures, including weak consumer demand and intensified competition in the consumer goods sector [6][8] - The focus of the layoffs on white-collar positions indicates a shift towards automation and digital transformation, as these roles are more susceptible to being replaced by technology [8] - By reducing workforce costs, Nestlé aims to free up cash flow for core business investments, such as new product development and market expansion [9] Group 3 - The situation highlights the increasing importance of building "risk resilience" among employees, as job security in even major corporations like Nestlé is not guaranteed [11] - The demand for versatile talent is expected to rise, emphasizing the need for continuous learning and skill enhancement among workers to remain competitive [11]