Inflation Data Summary - July CPI decreased by 0.1 percentage points year-on-year to 0.0%, primarily due to weak food prices[3] - Core CPI improved for the third consecutive month, rising by 0.1 percentage points to 0.8%, driven by higher gold prices and strong service consumption[3] - July PPI remained at a near 23-month low, with a year-on-year decline of -3.6%[3] Food Prices Impact - July food CPI fell by 0.2% month-on-month, significantly below seasonal levels by 0.9 percentage points[4] - Year-on-year food CPI dropped by 1.6%, influenced by a high base from the previous year[4] - Fresh vegetable and meat prices increased by 1.3% and 0.4% month-on-month, respectively, but were still below seasonal averages[4] Core CPI Drivers - Service prices remained stable at 0.5% year-on-year, with significant increases in travel-related costs: airfares up 17.9%, hotel stays up 6.9%[5] - Gold and platinum jewelry prices surged by 37.1% and 27.3% year-on-year, respectively, due to rising gold prices[5] - Transportation fuel prices saw a reduced decline of 1.8 percentage points to -9.0% year-on-year[5] PPI Trends - PPI's month-on-month decline narrowed by 0.2 percentage points, reflecting the impact of "anti-involution" measures[6] - International oil prices increased, contributing to a 3.0% rise in oil and gas extraction month-on-month[6] - Investment demand remains weak, limiting PPI recovery to a gradual improvement[6]

Group 1: PMI Trends - In July, the manufacturing PMI index fell by 0.4 percentage points to 49.3%, marking the fourth consecutive month below the threshold and the lowest in nearly six months[1] - The new orders index dropped significantly by 0.8 percentage points to 49.4%, with the consumer goods sector declining by 0.9 percentage points to 49.5% due to ongoing downturns in the real estate market[1] - The production index also decreased by 0.5 percentage points to 50.5%, influenced by extreme weather and weakened internal and external demand[1] Group 2: Export and Inventory Insights - The new export orders index fell by 0.6 percentage points to 47.1%, with high-tech and equipment manufacturing sectors declining by 0.3 and 1.1 percentage points respectively, reflecting short-term impacts from delayed tariff negotiations[1] - The finished goods inventory index dropped by 0.7 percentage points to 47.4%, indicating a cautious outlook among enterprises amid weak demand[2] - Industrial enterprises are expected to maintain a moderate pace of inventory replenishment due to ongoing challenges in the real estate market and limited traditional infrastructure investment[2] Group 3: Service and Construction Sector Performance - The service sector PMI slightly decreased by 0.1 percentage points to 50.0%, remaining near the threshold, indicating stable growth in service consumption[2] - The construction sector PMI fell significantly by 2.2 percentage points to 50.6%, impacted by extreme weather conditions and limited traditional infrastructure investment due to debt concerns[2] - The political bureau meeting emphasized the importance of expanding consumer goods consumption, but did not extend the previous policies aimed at enhancing durable goods subsidies, suggesting a need for ongoing observation[3]

Group 1: Report Overview - The report is a fixed - income review report titled "Why is the Divergence Trend between CPI and PPI Intensifying? - Review of June Price Data" dated July 9, 2025 [1][2] - The chief analyst is Yan Ziqi, and the analyst is Hong Ziyan [2] Group 2: Data Observation CPI Data - In June, CPI was up 0.1% year - on - year, rising 0.2 pct from the previous month and moving from negative to positive. The month - on - month CPI decreased by 0.1%, with the decline narrowing by 0.1 pct from the previous month and the value being at a relatively high level in the same period over the years [2] - Core CPI continued to rise, indicating a possible demand recovery, but it was uneven. The year - on - year increase in CPI was stronger than that of core CPI mainly due to the reduced drag from the energy item. After removing the impact of food and energy, core inflation continued to rise year - on - year, reflecting a demand recovery. However, the recovery of consumer demand was mainly supported by sub - items such as transportation, communication, rent, water and electricity, and household appliances, while CPI in areas such as clothing, education, tourism, and household services decreased month - on - month [3] - Service CPI continued to grow, and consumer goods CPI continued to recover. The demand structure continued to shift from food to consumption and services. The decline in consumer CPI narrowed, and service CPI had been growing for 5 months, with the year - on - year value remaining at 0.5% as in the previous month. Food prices remained stable, and the increase in vegetable prices led to a narrowing of the decline in food CPI [3] PPI Data - The month - on - month PPI of consumer goods weakened. The reason was that during the subsidy gap period, the path for demand to spread from policy - driven areas to other consumer goods areas slowed down compared with the previous month. Durable consumer goods declined month - on - month in June [4] - External demand suppressed the prices of the processing industry, while the input factor of international crude oil drove the price recovery of upstream industries, and PPI entered a weak equilibrium state. In June, the decline in external demand orders in the PMI indicated a weakening of external demand, leading to a month - on - month decline in the PPI of the processing industry. High temperatures restricted infrastructure construction, resulting in demand lagging behind material supply. The decline in coal prices due to new energy substitution and over - capacity continued to reduce PPI prices, but the increase in international crude oil prices repaired the drag on domestic related industries, and deflation in upstream industries such as mining and raw material industries eased [4] Group 3: In - depth Perspective From the Perspective of Resident Income - Since March, the year - on - year decline in rent has narrowed to - 0.1% and remained unchanged for 4 consecutive months. The stable and flat trend of rent may indicate that the income improvement trend has stalled, and income recovery is the core driving force for the recovery of total demand and the return of price levels to positive [6] From the Perspective of Corporate Activity - In June, the year - on - year price of pork dropped to - 8.5%, and the month - on - month price dropped to - 1.2%. The decline in pork prices was mainly due to oversupply and also reflected a contraction in pork demand in June, suggesting a possible structural decline in factory labor demand. The continuous squeeze on corporate profits in previous months still had a lagging impact on the economy, and the significant decline in the PMI of small enterprises and employment in the manufacturing and service industries in June confirmed the contraction in pork demand. The month - on - month decline in liquor prices was 0.3%, the same as the average in the past 5 years, implying that the business activity of small enterprises remained weak [6] From the Perspective of Corporate Price Transmission - The increase in household appliance prices in June may be an illusion during the policy window period. The month - on - month increase in household appliance CPI was likely due to manufacturers adjusting prices during the subsidy gap period. The price model of leading brands was to "raise the marked price and offset with subsidies" to achieve a nominal price increase. In June, the subsidy amount in many places was exhausted, leading to a decrease in the subsidy part and an increase in the final product price. The price increase during the subsidy gap period may be a game behavior to transfer inventory pressure [7] High - frequency Data - International oil prices showed a downward trend, and PPI would face downward pressure in the next stage. The marginal price of Nanhua industrial products began to rise, but the price of rebar continued to decline. Although the third batch of 300 billion dual - purpose funds had been issued, high - temperature weather restricted demand release and limited physical construction. Glass prices continued to decline, indicating no improvement in the real estate market [7] Group 4: Future Outlook CPI Outlook - Currently, CPI has achieved an upward breakthrough with a marginal reduction in external interference items, but the demand recovery is uneven, and the recovery trend needs to be consolidated. High - frequency data shows that international oil prices have started to decline, and with the easing of local geopolitical conflicts, it is highly likely that the oil price center will shift downward in July, which may drive next month's CPI down. In July, the next batch of fiscal funds will start to be in place, and the household appliance sub - item of CPI may decline. Due to the slowdown in the transmission to other industries caused by the subsidy gap and the crowding - out of consumption in other areas this month, the price recovery in other areas next month still needs to be observed. From the perspective of corporate activities, the continuous profit compression pattern has led to a decline in the prosperity of small enterprises and employment, and the consumption demand contributed by the income side is still not optimistic [7] PPI Outlook - The supply - side dilemma of PPI has not changed. The "rush - to - export" effect of external demand is fading, and although the pull from domestic demand has slowed down, it may rebound in July, maintaining the current weak equilibrium. On the supply side, the over - capacity pattern is difficult to change in the short term, and the decline in international oil prices in July may lead to a decline in PPI prices. In terms of external demand, there are still challenges, and exports are likely to decline in the second half of the year, with trade cooling down, which is difficult to significantly drive up total demand. In terms of domestic demand, after the next batch of subsidy funds is in place in July, on the one hand, it will directly improve corporate profits, and on the other hand, the uneven pattern of CPI demand recovery may improve, and the chain of CPI pulling PPI will restart, and the PPI of consumer goods may continue to rise. However, overall, the upward repair amplitude may be relatively limited [8]

Manufacturing PMI Insights - June manufacturing PMI slightly improved by 0.2 percentage points to 49.7%, remaining below the expansion threshold[2] - New export orders index rose by 0.2 percentage points to 47.7%, indicating ongoing export challenges despite temporary easing in US-China trade tensions[3] - New orders index increased by 0.4 percentage points to 50.2%, with consumer goods PMI improving by 0.2 percentage points to 50.4%[3] Inventory and Production Trends - Finished goods inventory index surged by 1.6 percentage points to 48.1%, but annualized index fell by 0.1 percentage points to a low of 47.6%[4] - Production index rose by 0.3 percentage points to 51.0%, reflecting a temporary improvement in production driven by consumption and export demand[4] Economic Outlook and Risks - The rebound in manufacturing PMI is attributed to subsidies stimulating durable consumption and a second wave of export efforts[4] - Future uncertainties hinge on the domestic real estate market's recovery and the potential impact of the US tax reduction plan on local production and consumption[4] - There is a risk of additional interest rate cuts if the real estate market continues to struggle, with potential for increased subsidies for durable goods[4]

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Views of the Report - Macroeconomic situation: US economic soft data shows signs of weakening, with the labor market remaining stable overall. The Fed maintains the current policy rate but emphasizes future economic uncertainty, raising inflation expectations and lowering economic growth forecasts. There are stagflation risks, and macro - pressure persists [3]. - Fundamental situation: Nickel ore prices stay high, with most Indonesian ferronickel plants in a cost - upside - down state, and some plan to cut production. Traditional terminals remain weak, stainless - steel prices decline, suppressing steel mills' restocking. New - energy consumption performs well, and overall demand is slightly weak. Supply shows signs of narrowing, but the export window is open, keeping supply at a relatively high level [3]. - Future outlook: With the escalation of the Israel - Iran conflict and the potential rise in global crude oil prices, US inflation pressure may increase. Fundamentals may be revised, mainly driven by production - cut expectations due to low corporate profits. Consumption may remain stable, with traditional sectors weak and the new - energy sector potentially having an increase. Nickel prices may rebound slightly [3]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 1. Market Data Summary - SHFE nickel price decreased from 119,690 yuan/ton to 118,280 yuan/ton, a drop of 1,410 yuan/ton; LME nickel price fell from 15,069 dollars/ton to 15,011 dollars/ton, a decrease of 58 dollars/ton [5]. - LME inventory increased by 7,602 tons to 205,140 tons, while SHFE inventory decreased by 681 tons to 21,669 tons [5]. - Jinchuan nickel premium increased by 100 yuan/ton to 2,650 yuan/ton, and Russian nickel premium rose by 50 yuan/ton to 550 yuan/ton [5]. - High - nickel pig iron average price decreased from 947 yuan/nickel point to 942 yuan/nickel point [5]. - Stainless - steel inventory increased from 91.7 tons to 92.6 tons, an increase of 0.9 tons [5]. 2. Market Review - **Nickel ore**: Philippine nickel ore prices rose, while Indonesian domestic nickel ore prices declined. The acceptance of high - priced ore by downstream is weak, and July pre - sales transactions are scarce [6]. - **Ferronickel**: High - nickel pig iron prices dropped. Chinese ferronickel production in May increased, and imports decreased. Indonesian ferronickel production in May increased year - on - year and decreased month - on - month. Ferronickel may face the most pressure in the industry chain, with high upstream costs and weak downstream demand [7]. - **Nickel sulfate**: Battery - grade and electroplating - grade nickel sulfate prices decreased. June production is expected to decline year - on - year and month - on - month. Ternary material production increased. Downstream inventory decreased, and upstream inventory increased. Nickel sulfate prices may continue to be weak [8]. - **Macro and fundamentals**: US economic soft data weakened, with consumption and output growth rates declining. The Fed maintains the current interest rate policy but raises inflation expectations and lowers economic growth forecasts. In terms of supply, domestic production capacity is stable in June, but smelter production schedules decline. In terms of consumption, new - energy vehicle sales in the first half of June increased year - on - year, but the growth rate in the second week weakened. Inventory shows a mixed trend, with LME inventory increasing and SHFE inventory decreasing [8][9][10]. 3. Industry News - Indonesia lowers the reference price for the second - phase nickel ore domestic trade in June by about 1.19% compared to the first - phase [14]. - Indonesia plans to punish a nickel park suspected of violating environmental regulations, which may affect some major nickel suppliers [14]. - Toyota Tsusho and LG Energy Solution plan to establish a joint venture for automotive battery recycling in North America, aiming to recycle valuable metals from battery waste [14]. 4. Relevant Charts The report provides charts on domestic and international nickel prices, spot premiums, LME 0 - 3 nickel premiums, nickel domestic - to - foreign ratios, nickel futures inventory, nickel ore port inventory, high - nickel iron prices, 300 - series stainless - steel prices, and stainless - steel inventory [16][18].

♦ 从投向上看，财政对社会保险基金的补贴，集中在基本养老保险和基本医疗保险。进一步拆分看，可发现财 政资金在补贴基本养老保险和基本医疗保险时，侧重点有所区别，目前对城镇居民社会保险相关的财政补贴集 中在养老，而对农村居民社会保险相关的财政补贴则以医疗为主。 本文首发于2025年1月27日 核心观点 ♦ 老龄化加速的背景下，社会保险基金对财政补贴的需求可能持续上升。这种潜在支出责任，也是当前财政加 杠杆的约束之一。 ♦ 2013年以来，社会保险基金累计结余金额能够持续增加，主要是靠财政补贴在支撑。 财政补贴占社会保险基 金收入的比例在两成左右。但对社会保险基金的财政补贴额占公共财政支出的比例逐年上升，2013年公共财政 支出中对社会保险基金的补贴占比为5.3%，2023年上升到了8.8%。 ♦ 展望未来，社保保险基金对财政补贴的需求可能较快上升，有以下三个原因： ♦ 第一， 人口老龄化加速，会在收入和支出两端同时增加社会保险基金，尤其是基本养老金的缺口。 ♦ 第二， 公共福利支出普遍存在只进不退的"棘轮效应"，且由于经济增速中枢下移，面临社会保险断缴人数上 升、失业保险领取比例提高等问题，这些都会增加未来的社保 ...

正文 老龄化加速的背景下，社会保险基金对财政补贴的需求可能持续上升。这种潜在支出责任，也是当前财政 加杠杆的约束之一。 社会保险基金，主要包括基本养老保险、基本医疗保险、失业保险和工伤保险四类，生育保险已按照社保 基金的财务制度和职工基本医疗保险合并。它的资金来源，有保险费收入、财政补贴收入、利息收入和委 托投资收入。 需要区分社会保险基金和社会保障基金 。前文对社会保险基金做了简要介绍，而社会保障基金可以理解为 是国家为了应对人口老龄化高峰时期的养老保险等社会保障支出压力，而设立的战略储备基金。同时成立 了社会保障基金理事会来管理这笔资金，社保理事会通过专业化的投资，实现社会保障基金保值增值，为 中国社会保障事业贡献积极力量。 老龄化加速的背景下，社会保险基金对财政补贴的需求可能持续上升。这种潜在支出责任，也是当前 财政加杠杆的约束之一。 2013年以来，社会保险基金累计结余金额能够持续增加，主要是靠财政补贴在支撑 。财政补贴占社 会保险基金收入的比例在两成左右。但对社会保险基金的财政补贴额占公共财政支出的比例逐年上 升， 2013 年公共财政支出中对社会保险基金的补贴占比为 5.3% ， 2023 年上升 ...