丨证券研究报告丨 固定收益丨点评报告 [Table_Title] 资金面先紧后松，8 月 MLF 净投放 3000 亿 元——流动性和机构行为周度观察 报告要点 [Table_Summary] 2025 年 8 月 18 日-8 月 22 日，央行 7 天逆回购净投放资金，国库定存投放 1200 亿元、到期 2200 亿元，同时公告将于 25 日开展 6000 亿元 MLF 投放；税期走款影响下资金面先紧后松。 2025 年 8 月 18 日-8 月 24 日，政府债净缴款规模减少，同业存单到期收益率整体上行，银行 间债券市场杠杆率均值下行。2025 年 8 月 25 日-8 月 31 日，政府债预计净缴款 2115 亿元， 同业存单到期规模约为 7518 亿元。 分析师及联系人 [Table_Author] [Table_Summary2] 资金面 8 月 MLF 净投放 3000 亿元。2025 年 8 月 18 日-8 月 22 日，央行 7 天逆回购投放 20770 亿 元、到期 7118 亿元，国库现金定存投放 1200 亿元、到期 2200 亿元，合计净投放 12652 亿 元。周内节奏来看，8 ...

本周，资金面超预期收敛后边际缓和，资金利率"先上后下"，呈现两点特 征：（1）预期与现实的背离，原因在于传统的税期和非传统的股债市场联 动改变资金流向两点因素形成的共振冲击。8 月并非传统缴税大月，买断 式逆回购已于月初、月中节点投放，通常被视为更为精准呵护的信号，但 资金面却出现超预期收敛，主因股市走强对债市资金形成一定占用，市场 情绪较为敏感，机构集中赎回债基的行为或放大流动性的紧张程度，使得 资金运行打破"低位低波"的格局；（2）流动性投放力度大、节奏前置以 稳定预期，阻断赎回压力的蔓延。央行投放加码且节奏前置，逆回购累计 投放超 2 万亿元，对冲到期压力及政府债发行扰动，MLF 投放操作将前置 于回笼，为市场注入"强心剂"，后半周资金利率温和下行。 未来一周，月末资金面将再迎"考验"，大幅上行、持续收敛的概率偏低， 但波动较往年同期或更为明显，除了月末或出现季节性趋紧之外，非季节 性因素的影响也是关键。资金面的平稳"闯关"，需关注央行的精准对冲与 大行融出意愿的有效修复，具体而言：一是股债联动效应对资金的分流和 情绪的压制，潜在的赎回压力将对资金面形成扰动，但过去一周央行的加 码投放，释放维稳信号，资 ...

证券研究报告 | 固定收益定期 gszqdatemark 2025 08 16 年 月 日 存单到期收益率分化，国债收益率曲线走陡。存单到期收益率来看，本周 3M 收益率下行 0.50bp 收于 1.53%，6M 收益率上行 1.26bp 收于 1.60%， 1Y 收益率上行 2.25bps 收于 1.64%，1Y-3M 期限利差走阔。本周 1 年存 单与 R007 利差收窄 0.95bp 至 15.42bp。1 年国债收益率上行 1.59bp 至 1.37%，10 年国债收益率上行 5.74bp 至 1.75%，30 年国债收益率上行 8.75bp 至 2.05%。 存单净融资下降，存单发行利率抬升，平均发行期限拉长。本周存单净融 资-1311 亿元前值 1773 亿元），国有行、股份行、城商行、农商行 1 年 存单发行利率分别收于 1.64%、1.64%、1.73%、1.73%，较值 分别 +1.08bp、+0.67bp、+0.32bp、-3.63bp。发行结构来看，本周加权平均 发行期限 8.1M（前值 6.4M），3M 存单发行 792 亿元，6M 期限发行 1357 亿元，1Y 期限发行 2941 ...

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report - From August 4 to August 8, 2025, the central bank conducted a net withdrawal of funds through 7 - day reverse repurchase operations and carried out 700 billion yuan of 3 - month outright reverse repurchase operations. After the cross - month period, the funding rate declined. From August 4 to August 10, the net payment scale of government bonds increased, the overall yield to maturity of inter - bank certificates of deposit (NCDs) decreased, and the average leverage ratio in the inter - bank bond market increased. From August 11 to August 17, the expected net payment of government bonds is 360.1 billion yuan, and the maturity scale of NCDs is about 907.1 billion yuan [2]. - The outright reverse repurchase operation has more flexible timing compared to the medium - term lending facility (MLF). The central bank's operations in different months are to address various pressures on the liquidity, such as large - scale NCD maturities, tax payment months, and new bond issuance policies. The 6 - month outright reverse repurchase in August may be operated in the middle of the month to assist in stabilizing the funding situation during the tax payment period [7]. - The funding situation eased at the beginning of the month. From August 4 to August 8, the average values of DR001 and R001 decreased by 5.6 and 8.7 basis points respectively compared to the period from July 28 to August 1. The average values of DR007 and R007 decreased by 8.2 and 11.4 basis points respectively. In the future, the funding situation is expected to remain stable and loose overall, but the central bank's goal of preventing "idle funds" may limit the significant decline of the funding rate center [8]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs Funding Situation - **Outright Reverse Repurchase and 7 - day Reverse Repurchase**: From August 4 to August 8, 2025, the central bank's 7 - day reverse repurchase had a net withdrawal of 53.65 billion yuan. On August 8, it carried out 70 billion yuan of 3 - month outright reverse repurchase operations. The net investment of 3 - month outright reverse repurchase was 30 billion yuan. The maturity scales of 3 - month and 6 - month outright reverse repurchases in August are 40 billion and 50 billion yuan respectively [6]. - **Funding Rate**: From August 4 to August 8, the average values of DR001 and R001 were 1.31% and 1.35% respectively, down 5.6 and 8.7 basis points from July 28 - August 1. The average values of DR007 and R007 were 1.45% and 1.47% respectively, down 8.2 and 11.4 basis points from July 28 - August 1 [8]. - **Government Bond Net Payment**: From August 4 to August 10, the net payment scale of government bonds was about 37.06 billion yuan, an increase of about 8.3 billion yuan compared to July 28 - August 3. From August 11 to August 17, the expected net payment of government bonds is 36.01 billion yuan [8]. Inter - bank Certificates of Deposit (NCDs) - **Yield to Maturity**: As of August 8, 2025, the yields to maturity of 1 - month, 3 - month, and 1 - year NCDs were 1.4490%, 1.5300%, and 1.6175% respectively, down 4, 1, and 2 basis points from August 1 [9]. - **Net Financing Amount**: From August 4 to August 10, the net financing amount of NCDs was about 17.76 billion yuan, compared with about 1 billion yuan from July 28 to August 3. From August 11 to August 17, the expected maturity repayment amount of NCDs is 907.1 billion yuan, and the pressure of maturity renewal has increased compared to the previous week [9]. Institutional Behavior - **Leverage Ratio in the Inter - bank Bond Market**: From August 4 to August 8, the average calculated leverage ratio in the inter - bank bond market was 107.96%, up from the average of 107.63% from July 28 to August 1. On August 8 and August 1, the calculated leverage ratios were about 108.07% and 108.10% respectively [10].

Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the document Core Viewpoints of the Report - From July 28 to August 1, 2025, the central bank conducted a small - scale net injection of funds through 7 - day reverse repurchase operations. The liquidity situation showed minor fluctuations during the month - end transition but returned to stability afterward. From July 28 to August 3, the net payment scale of government bonds decreased, the yields of maturing inter - bank certificates of deposit (NCDs) declined overall, and the average leverage ratio in the inter - bank bond market remained basically stable. From August 4 to August 10, the expected net payment of government bonds is 33.9 billion yuan, and the maturing scale of NCDs is about 59.83 billion yuan [2]. - The central bank is expected to continue to support the liquidity situation. In August, with the maturity of MLF and outright reverse repurchase, considering the need to stabilize expectations, the central bank is likely to maintain its supportive stance towards the liquidity [5]. - The liquidity is expected to remain reasonably abundant in August, and the funding rates are likely to stay at a relatively low level. At the beginning of the month, the liquidity may experience seasonal easing, but attention should be paid to the issuance rhythm of government bonds and the large - scale maturity of NCDs during the month [6]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 1. Funding Situation - **Central Bank Operations**: From July 28 to August 1, 2025, the central bank's 7 - day reverse repurchase operations had a net injection of 690 million yuan. From August 4 to August 8, 166.32 billion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchases will mature. In July, the central bank injected 10 billion yuan of liquidity through MLF and 20 billion yuan through outright reverse repurchase. In August, 30 billion yuan of MLF and 90 billion yuan of outright reverse repurchase will mature [5]. - **Funding Rates**: From July 28 to August 1, the average values of DR001 and R001 decreased by 7.3 and 5.2 basis points respectively compared with the period from July 21 to July 25. The average values of DR007 and R007 decreased by 0.7 and increased by 2.8 basis points respectively. In July, the funding rates fluctuated significantly, and in August, they are expected to remain low, but it is difficult to decline further compared with early July [6]. - **Government Bond Net Payment**: From July 28 to August 3, the net payment of government bonds was about 28.76 billion yuan, 2.84 billion yuan less than the previous week. From August 4 to August 10, the expected net payment is 33.9 billion yuan [7]. 2. Inter - bank Certificates of Deposit (NCDs) - **Yields of Maturing NCDs**: As of August 1, 2025, the yields of 1M, 3M, and 1Y NCDs decreased by 7, 4, and 4 basis points respectively compared with July 25. The decline was due to the stabilization of funding rates and the partial recovery of the bond market [8]. - **Net Financing of NCDs**: From July 28 to August 3, the net financing of NCDs was about 1 billion yuan, turning positive from - 56.08 billion yuan in the previous week. From August 4 to August 10, the maturing repayment amount of NCDs is expected to be 59.83 billion yuan, with an increased pressure on renewal compared with the previous week [8]. 3. Institutional Behavior - **Leverage Ratio in the Inter - bank Bond Market**: From July 28 to August 1, the average calculated leverage ratio in the inter - bank bond market was 107.63%, basically the same as the previous week. On August 1 and July 25, the calculated leverage ratios were about 108.10% and 107.27% respectively [11].

Report Industry Investment Rating - No information provided in the given content. Core Viewpoints of the Report - This week, the money market faced multiple disturbances. The overnight funding rate reached a relatively high level since June, with large - bank lending first decreasing and then increasing, and non - bank lending willingness increasing. The second half of the week saw relatively stable certificate of deposit (CD) prices. Considering the 200 billion yuan MLF withdrawal on July 25, the medium - to - long - term liquidity supply in the second half of the month may rely more on MLF operations [1][20]. - Next week, the money market will still face certain pressure due to factors such as MLF withdrawal, large - scale reverse repurchase maturities, over 1 trillion yuan of CD maturities, and approaching the end of the month. However, the overall situation is controllable. The central bank's response to these disturbances is the key to the movement of funding prices. Although there are still many disturbances next week, the end of the "tax period" and the possible acceleration of fiscal expenditures at the end of the month may ease the pressure on inter - bank liquidity compared to this week. Funding prices may show a slow downward trend, but the decline may be limited due to the approaching end - of - month point [23]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 1. Overnight Funding: Has It Reached the Peak? - This week, the money market faced multiple disturbances. In the first half of the week, the money market tightened marginally, and in the second half, there were signs of easing. The overnight funding rate reached a relatively high level since June. From July 14 - 18, the weekly averages of DR001 and R001 increased by 14.62BP and 13.37BP respectively compared to the previous week, and the weekly averages of DR007 and R007 increased by 5.82BP and 3.25BP respectively [11]. - In the first half of the week, factors such as tax payments, special treasury bond issuance, MLF withdrawal, and large - scale CD maturities led to a marginal tightening of the money market. The central bank continuously increased liquidity injections. On July 15, it conducted a 1.4 trillion - yuan outright reverse repurchase operation to inject medium - to - long - term liquidity. Both funding and CD issuance prices increased to varying degrees [11]. - From July 17 - 18, as tax payments neared completion and the central bank continued to increase liquidity injections, there were signs of easing in the money market, but the process of easing may have fallen short of market expectations. Large - bank lending increased moderately, and the weighted CD issuance price fluctuated downward, indicating some relief of money - market pressure. However, funding prices remained at relatively high levels since June, with overnight funding above 1.45% [12]. - Next week, multiple factors such as MLF withdrawal, large - scale reverse repurchase maturities, over 1 trillion yuan of CD maturities, and approaching the end of the month will put pressure on the money market, but the overall situation is controllable. The central bank's response to these disturbances is crucial for the movement of funding prices [23]. 2. Open Market: Over 2 Trillion Yuan to Mature Next Week - From July 14 - 18, the open market had a net injection of 260.11 billion yuan, including 172.68 billion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchase issuance, 42.57 billion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchase maturities, 140 billion yuan of outright reverse repurchase issuance, and 10 billion yuan of MLF withdrawal [27]. - From July 21 - 25, the open market will have 204.68 billion yuan of maturities, including 172.68 billion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchase maturities, 20 billion yuan of MLF withdrawal, and 12 billion yuan of treasury cash fixed - deposit maturities [3][27]. 3. Government Bonds: Nearly 700 Billion Yuan to Be Issued Next Week - This week, the net payment of government bonds was 42.88 billion yuan, with 243.3 billion yuan of treasury bond issuance, 251.2 billion yuan of local government bond issuance, 185.2 billion yuan of treasury bond maturities, and 87.8 billion yuan of local government bond maturities [38]. - Next week, government bonds are planned to be issued worth 679.1 billion yuan, including 375 billion yuan of treasury bond issuance, 304.1 billion yuan of local government bond issuance, 395.3 billion yuan of treasury bond maturities, and 114.6 billion yuan of local government bond maturities. The net payment of treasury bonds is - 2.03 billion yuan, and the net payment of local government bonds is 26.02 billion yuan [4][38]. 4. Excess Reserve Tracking and Forecast - It is predicted that the excess reserve ratio in July 2025 will be approximately 0.97%, a month - on - month decrease of about 0.31 percentage points (the forecast for the end of June was 1.28%) and a year - on - year decrease of 0.52 percentage points (1.49% in the same period last year) [44]. - From July 14 - 18, the open market had a net injection of 260.11 billion yuan, the net payment of government bonds was 42.88 billion yuan, the predicted fiscal revenue - expenditure gap was 5.49 billion yuan, the reserve requirement was - 3.04 billion yuan, and tax payments were 169.46 billion yuan [45]. 5. Money Market: Large - Bank Lending First Decreases and Then Increases - Overnight funding rates increased significantly. As of July 18, compared to July 11, DR001 increased by 11.39BP to 1.46%, DR007 increased by 3.49BP to 1.51%, R001 increased by 8.43BP to 1.49%, and R007 decreased by 0.14BP to 1.51% [5][47]. - DR001 exceeded 1.4%. As of July 18, compared to July 11, "DR001 - OMO" increased to 5.66BP, "DR007 - OMO" increased to 10.67BP, "R001 - OMO" increased to 8.81BP, "R007 - OMO" decreased to 10.72BP, "R001 - DR001" decreased to 3.15BP, and "R007 - DR007" decreased to 0.05BP [47]. - SHIBOR rates: The weekly averages of overnight and 7 - day rates changed by 15.1BP and 4.74BP respectively compared to last week, reaching 1.32% and 1.47% [52]. - CNH HIBOR rates: The weekly averages of overnight and 7 - day rates changed by 8.43BP and 2.47BP respectively compared to last week, reaching 1.51% and 1.61% [52]. - Interest rate swap closing rates: The weekly averages of FR007S1Y and FR007S5Y rates changed by 0.07BP and 3.11BP respectively compared to last week, reaching 1.53% and 1.53% [55]. - Bill rates: The weekly averages of six - month national - share transfer discount rates and six - month city - commercial transfer discount rates changed by - 0.1 percentage points to 0.84% and 0.95% respectively [55]. - The average daily trading volume of inter - bank pledged repurchase was 7.2446 trillion yuan, a decrease of 966 billion yuan compared to July 7 - 11. Among them, the average daily trading volume of R001 was 6.4144 trillion yuan, with an average share of 88.5%; the average daily trading volume of R007 was 746.1 billion yuan, with an average share of 10.3% [57]. - The average daily trading volume of Shanghai Stock Exchange new - style pledged treasury bond repurchase was 2.1314 trillion yuan, a decrease of 230 million yuan compared to July 7 - 11. Among them, the average daily trading volume of GC001 was 1.8606 trillion yuan, with an average share of 87.3%; the average daily trading volume of GC007 was 199.1 billion yuan, with an average share of 9.3% [57]. - From July 14 - 18, the average net lending of the banking system was 3 trillion yuan, a change of - 83.4 billion yuan compared to last week. Among them, the average net lending of state - owned large banks was 3.62 trillion yuan, a change of - 86.84 billion yuan compared to last week, with an overnight share of 97%, a change of - 0.26 percentage points compared to last week. The average net lending of other banks was - 0.61 trillion yuan, a change of 3.44 billion yuan compared to last week [62]. 6. Certificates of Deposit 6.1 Primary Market: Maturity Volume to Increase Next Week - From July 14 - 18, the total issuance of CDs was 945 billion yuan, with a net financing of 18.36 billion yuan. Compared to last week's total issuance of 425.9 billion yuan and net financing of - 9.54 billion yuan, the issuance scale and net financing increased [70]. - By issuer, state - owned banks had the highest CD issuance scale and net financing. State - owned banks, joint - stock banks, city - commercial banks, and rural commercial banks issued 344.7 billion yuan, 215.3 billion yuan, 305 billion yuan, and 74.2 billion yuan respectively, with net financing of 64.8 billion yuan, 49.5 billion yuan, 62 billion yuan, and 14.4 billion yuan respectively [70]. - By maturity, 1 - year CDs had the highest issuance scale, and 6 - month CDs had the highest net financing. The issuance scales of 1 - month, 3 - month, 6 - month, 9 - month, and 1 - year CDs were 102.5 billion yuan, 118.7 billion yuan, 186.7 billion yuan, 62.8 billion yuan, and 474.3 billion yuan respectively, with net financing of 81.1 billion yuan, - 80.5 billion yuan, 81.3 billion yuan, 47.6 billion yuan, and 54.1 billion yuan respectively [70]. - Next week (July 21 - 27), the maturity volume of CDs will be 1.0699 trillion yuan, an increase of 308.5 billion yuan compared to this week (July 14 - 20). The maturity volume is mainly concentrated in national - share banks and city - commercial banks, and the maturities are mainly concentrated in 1 - year and 3 - month terms [80][81]. 6.2 Secondary Market: Yields Fluctuate Narrowly - This week, CD secondary market yields fluctuated narrowly and decreased slightly compared to last week. The yields of 1 - month, 3 - month, 6 - month, 9 - month, and 1 - year AAA - rated CDs decreased by 0BP, - 2BP, - 2BP, - 2BP, and - 1BP respectively to 1.51%, 1.54%, 1.58%, 1.61%, and 1.62% [94]. - The yields of most CD grades decreased. The yields of 1 - year AAA, AAA -, AA +, AA, and AA - rated CDs changed by - 1BP, - 1BP, 0BP, 1BP, and 0BP respectively to 1.62%, 1.62%, 1.65%, 1.7%, and 1.86% [94].

证券研究报告|宏观跟踪周报 [Table_Summary] ►概况：7 月初，资金面如期转松 跨季结束，月初央行惯例大额回笼，但资金面依然如期转松。全周（6 月 30日 -7 月 4 日）逆回购到期 20275 亿元，央行也在有意回收季末投放的流动性，7 月初 以来，央行单日净回笼规模均高于 2500 亿，周四、周五更是升至 4500 亿以上。 尽管央行回笼步调加速，但资金面仍呈季节性转松态势。隔夜资金利率下探至 OMO 利率以下，R001 由周一（6 月 30 日）的 2.30%连续下行至周五的 1.37%，跌 破 OMO 利率；DR001 由 1.51%下行至 1.31%，逐步逼近 1.30%一线；7 天资金价 格也回落至 1.5%水平以下。 与此同时，存单大额到期冲击告一段落，7月到期规模降至2.8万亿元，处于历 史相对中性水平，银行续发压力减弱。叠加跨季后银行负债端压力缓释，银行融出 规模持续攀升，7 月初存单一级发行利率持续下行，国股行 1 年期存单一级加权发 行利率全线下行至 1.60%以下，为今年春节以来最低点。 ►展望：资金面或迎来"平稳期" 往后看，下周（7 月 7-11 日）季初效应仍存， ...

Group 1 - The overall liquidity in the market is balanced and loose, with DR001 falling below the 1.4% policy rate, and state-owned banks' net financing reaching a year-high of 4.55 trillion yuan [1][11][27] - Historical trends indicate that at the end of June, funding rates typically rise, but the central bank often increases liquidity support, especially during a month with significant fiscal spending [21][27] - Concerns for the upcoming cross-quarter period include a high maturity of interbank certificates of deposit exceeding 4 trillion yuan, and a recent reduction in deposit rates by major banks, which may lead to deposit outflows [26][27] Group 2 - Next week, the market will see over 10 trillion yuan in reverse repos maturing, along with the continuation of MLF operations, indicating ongoing liquidity support from the central bank [2][33] - Government bond net payments are expected to increase significantly, with a net payment of 7.498 trillion yuan, indicating a substantial fiscal activity [4][31] - The interbank certificate of deposit maturity will be 11.092 trillion yuan, which remains substantial, and attention will be paid to the pressure of renewing these deposits as the quarter-end approaches [6][31] Group 3 - The average daily net financing from state-owned banks has been rising, with a significant increase noted this week, indicating a robust liquidity position [5][27] - The issuance of interbank certificates of deposit remains stable, with no significant upward pressure on rates, suggesting a controlled liquidity environment [6][27] - The second quarter has seen an acceleration in fiscal bond issuance, which is expected to provide additional liquidity support as the quarter-end approaches [27][39]

丨证券研究报告丨 固定收益丨点评报告 [Table_Title] 跨月资金利率整体平稳——流动性和机构行 为周度观察 报告要点 [Table_Summary] 2025 年 4 月 27 日-4 月 30 日，央行净投放资金，跨月资金利率整体平稳。2025 年 4 月 28 日 -5 月 4 日，政府债净融资规模提升；同业存单转为净偿还，同业存单到期收益率多数下行；银 行间债券市场杠杆率有所提升，国有大行及政策行净融出规模延续修复趋势。2025 年 5 月 5 日 -5 月 11 日政府债预计净偿还 1123 亿元。 分析师及联系人 [Table_Author] 赵增辉 马月 SAC：S0490524080003 SAC：S0490125010043 SFC：BVN394 请阅读最后评级说明和重要声明 %% %% %% %% research.95579.com 1 [Table_Title 跨月资金利率整体平稳 2] ——流动性和机构行为 周度观察 [Table_Summary2] 资金面 央行净投放资金。2025 年 4 月 27 日-4 月 30 日，央行逆回购投放 12403 亿元、回笼 5045 亿 ...

核 心 观 点 3月以来，央行对资金面的态度边际缓和，资金面转向均衡态势。那么，4月政府债供给有多少？流动性缺 口有多大？资金面转松了么？ 资金面有何变化？ 资金利率方面 ， 3月 短端资金利率趋于下行，资金面整体均衡偏松；流动性分层现象 接近消失，R007与DR007利差处于较低位。 央行操作方面 ，中下旬以来，央行公开市场由净回笼转为净 投放，呵护税期流动性，月末央行开展4500亿元MLF操作，为去年8月以来首次超额续作，同时价格改为 多重招标。 长债利率方面 ，3月债市快速回调后企稳，10Y国债利率较2月末上行9.8BP。 债券托管方面 ，3月债券托管规模环比增速上行，分券种看，利率债托管环比增量扩大，其中地方债继续贡献主要增 量；分机构看，2月政府债券供给大幅抬升，商业银行仍是承接的主要力量。 政府债供给多少？ 国债方面 ，4月已经公布的两只附息国债发行规模较3月进一步增长，据此我们预计4月 普通国债或将发行1.16万亿元，考虑1.2万亿元的到期量后，4月国债净融资规模约-455亿元。 地方债方面 ，我们预计4月地方政府新增债和普通再融资债规模分别为3200亿元和3800亿元；特殊再融资债预计二季 度 ...