Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) of China is initiating the 2025 National Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction Technology Equipment Recommendation work in the industrial and information sectors, focusing on five categories of technologies aimed at enhancing energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions [1] Group 1: Key Industry Areas - The first category includes energy conservation and carbon reduction technologies in key industries such as steel, non-ferrous metals, petrochemicals, chemicals, building materials, machinery, light industry, textiles, and electronics, emphasizing process innovation and optimization technologies like short-process manufacturing [1] - Technologies for energy efficiency improvement in data centers, communication base stations, and communication rooms are also included, such as collaborative applications of computing power and energy, efficient cooling, and green intelligent computing system solutions [1] Group 2: Low-Carbon Transition Technologies - The second category focuses on low-carbon transition technologies, including clean low-carbon hydrogen production and application, efficient energy storage, and industrial green microgrid technologies for renewable energy consumption [1] - It also encompasses efficient utilization of waste heat and pressure, energy substitution, and multi-energy complementary technologies [1] Group 3: Industrial Carbon Reduction Technologies - The third category addresses industrial carbon reduction technologies, which include low-carbon raw material fuel substitution, lifecycle carbon emission reduction, carbon capture and high-value transformation, carbon emission accounting and monitoring, and non-CO2 greenhouse gas reduction and substitution technologies [1] Group 4: Digital and Green Transformation Technologies - The fourth category involves digital and green collaborative transformation technologies, such as digital energy and carbon management that integrate big data, artificial intelligence, industrial internet, and 5G technologies for energy consumption and carbon emission data collection, intelligent analysis, and system optimization [1] Group 5: Efficient Energy-Saving Equipment - The fifth category includes efficient energy-saving equipment that meets or exceeds the first-level energy efficiency standards of relevant national standards, covering industrial mass-produced equipment like electric motors, transformers, industrial boilers, fans, volumetric air compressors, industrial refrigeration equipment, and heat pumps [1]

上周A股市场保持上行态势，与前一周不同的是因关税政策出现缓和迹象，上周中证2000活跃度提升； 前一周表现较好的上证指数及上证50相对落后。日成交额基本维持在1.1万元以上水平，趋于稳定。六 大风格看，大盘价值下跌0.3%，中小盘成长上涨1.5%左右，成长显著占优。成长与价值周度轮动。汽 车、电新、机械等领涨，机器人(300024)带动较为显著；食品饮料、社服、地产等领跌，这些均为内需 品种，关税政策松动后回落。外盘方面，整体实现上涨，纳指连续4个交易日反弹；美元指数低位震 荡，维持在100之下，黄金冲高回落。 对于市场而言，当前影响宏观基本面的重要因素已然是关税能否缓和及国内政策对冲力度，过去一周关 税似乎出现一些积极信号，但即便不会出现明显转机，对市场的影响也将钝化，市场机会可能会转向具 备产业逻辑强化的方向。我们认为大方向预计依然是内需相关及自主可控方向，同时科技成长方向的机 会也有望逐步显现。 上周五政治局会议召开，提出创设新的结构性货币政策工具，设立新型政策性金融工具，支持科技创 新、扩大消费、稳定外贸等；大力发展服务消费，增强消费对经济增长的拉动作用。由于美对华关税大 幅加征，不少投资者对此次政治 ...

2025 年 4 月 28 日 总量研究 市场波动温和提升，杠铃组合或占优 ——金融工程市场跟踪周报 20250428 要点 上周市场核心观点： 上周（2025.04.21-2025.04.25，下同）A 股窄幅震荡，市场整体表现不佳。主 要宽基指数量能维持近期低位，量能择时指标仍维持谨慎信号。资金面方面，ETF 资金周度净流出，大盘宽基 ETF 为净流出主要方向。市场波动方面，主要宽基 指数截面波动率、时序波动率环比上周皆有上升。 从市场大类因子表现来看，上周市场动量因子占优。结合上证 50 指数层面表现 的相对低迷来看，后市流动性延续宽松背景下，小市值或持续占优。确定性方面， 红利优势仍将维持。"红利+小盘"杠铃组合或为市场探寻方向背景下获取相对 收益的最优选择。 上周市场各指数涨跌不一，上证综指上涨 0.56%，上证 50 下跌 0.33%，沪深 300 上涨 0.38%，中证 500 上涨 1.20%，中证 1000 上涨 1.85%，创业板指上 涨 1.74%，北证 50 指数下跌 2.16%。 截至 2025 年 4 月 25 日，宽基指数来看，上证指数、上证 50、沪深 300、中证 500、中 ...

Group 1 - The total QFII holdings in A-shares reached 3.996 billion shares with a total market value of 51.02 billion yuan as of April 27, 2025 [1] - QFII is present among the top ten shareholders of 333 companies, with approximately 200 new entries in the top ten shareholder lists of various listed companies [1] - Key sectors for QFII investments include manufacturing and TMT (Technology, Media, and Telecommunications) [1] Group 2 - The largest QFII by share count is Morgan Stanley International, holding 169 stocks, including significant positions in Huace Testing and Yanshan Technology [1] - UBS Group ranks second with holdings in 90 stocks, notably in Tianhai Defense, Wisdom Agriculture, and Fangzheng Electric [1] Group 3 - French bank BNP Paribas has the highest market value of holdings among QFIIs, with a total of 19.552 billion yuan across 7 stocks [2] - Abu Dhabi Investment Authority and Kuwait Investment Authority are actively investing in A-shares, with Abu Dhabi holding 306 million shares valued at 6.336 billion yuan [3] - Goldman Sachs International led in new stock entries, holding 53 stocks with 22 new additions in the first quarter [3] Group 4 - QFII increased holdings in 78 stocks during the first quarter, with notable increases in China Western Power and Zhuoyue Technology [7] - The top ten stocks with increased holdings include China Western Power, Yinxin Technology, and North New Materials, spanning various industries such as electrical equipment and chemicals [9][11] Group 5 - The only stock with QFII holdings exceeding 10 billion yuan is Nanjing Bank, with a stable holding of 1.865 billion shares valued at 19.264 billion yuan [3][4] - Other significant stocks in the top ten by market value include Shanghai Bank and Zijin Mining, with various fluctuations in share counts and market values [4][6]

和讯财经研究院发布《2025年中国科创新锐力量榜》，榜单列出了今年中国科创板上市公司45岁以下（80后）的青年领导者，并根据上市公司2025年一季度 末市值（2025-3-21）进行排序。 44位科创企业领导者进入新锐力量榜， 平均年龄42岁，男性占比88.64%， 研究生学历占70.45%，博士研究生占25%， 47.73%来自北上广深一线城市， 行业分布上主要来自 信息技术40.91%、工业制造29.55%、 医疗保健22.73%三大行业， 相比科创板整体而言， 新锐力量女性占比更高、 高教育背景更普遍、 来自一线城市比例更高、 展现出中国科技创新领导力量新趋势。 | 2017 KET 官 Br 丨柏楚电子面事长、总经理 科创板市值排名:31/586 | 所属公司市值:374亿元 信息技术 - 硬件设备 1981年出生，2007年联合创立上海拍楚电子科技有限公司，2018年至今担任公司董事长， 带领团队在激光加工控制系统领域取得了系列突破 05 BİWIN佰维 孙成思 | 佰维存储董事长 科创板市值排名:41/586 __ 所属公司市值:308亿元 信息技术 - 半导体 1988年出生，自2012年起先后 ...

提问 请用一句话形容你是一个怎样的基金经理？ 姜诚 我是一个致力于在股票二级市场实践价值投资的基金经理。 提问 你如何理解价值投资？ 姜诚 顾名思义，价值投资的定义其实很简单，就是我们用自己付出的价格去交换资产背后创造的价值。 价值的定义是它能够给我们带来的长期的现金的回报， 我们衡量一笔投资好坏的标准也就很明确了—— 跟我们付出的成本相比较，我们能够获得的长期回报的内部收益率是什么样的水平？ 在实践来看，就是 我们致力于以尽可能低的价格去买到尽可能好的资产，来提升我们的内部收益率。 提问 你如何定义好资产？ 姜诚 我对好资产的定义是，它可以让我们比较放心地相信它在比较长的时间内能够带来有一定持续性的 现金回报。理论上满足这样标准的资产就是好资产，现实中能够满足这样标准的资产为数不多，所以我们 需要用一些办法、需要用一些定性的标准来去框它，尽可能提高我们找到好资产的概率。 大体上来讲，在一些长坡、厚雪、慢变的行业当中，持续的领先者更容易成为股市当中的长期的好资产， 当然最终还是需要一事一议。我们有一个模具、我们有一个筛子，但是通过模具和筛子筛选出来的标的， 它会有很大的偏差，最终我们落地到组合当中，还是要从商 ...

周四早盘冲高回落后窄幅震荡，多空围绕"关税跳空缺口"反复争夺。周四 A 股早盘出现冲高回落，市场一度出现快速下跌，但午盘企稳后维持窄幅 震荡，多空双方围绕"关税缺口"反复争夺。周四收盘距离所谓"对等关税"宣布前的跳空缺口 3319 点仅一步之遥，市场分歧有所加大，追涨意愿下降，但 A 股的修复行情仍然在延续。从中期角度来看，在中央汇金等三家国资开始增持，叠加多家上市公司宣布回购增持后，市场已经迎来拐点。尽管 "对等关 税"的后续影响还存在一定不确定性，但市场交易开始克服恐慌心理，指数在波折中继续修复行情。 后市展望：关税事件的冲击最高峰已经过去，A 股将在波折中继续修复。4 月 7 日的极端下跌是对近期所谓"对等关税"事件的一次性反映，随着市场 情绪逐渐平稳和以中央汇金为代表的国资以及多家上市公司宣布回购增持后，目前 A 股已经进入修复性回升。但修复过程并非一帆风顺，美国对全球范 围加征所谓"对等关税"的后续变化对中国和全球经济产生的影响目前仍存在较大不确定性，市场预期变化也存在反复。后市争议较大的仍然是对海外业务 依赖性较高的行业，如消费电子、CXO 等会受到"对等关税"多大程度的影响。确定性较高的是内需和 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the historical evolution of tariffs as a policy tool, highlighting the lessons learned from past tariff implementations and their impacts on the economy, particularly in the context of the current trade tensions between the U.S. and China. Group 1: Historical Context - The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930 significantly raised import tax rates, increasing the average tariff level in the U.S. from 13.5% in 1929 to 19.8% in 1933, leading to a 45% decline in nominal GDP and a 67% drop in total exports over four years, with unemployment reaching nearly 25% [1]. - Compared to the 1930s, the current global trade is characterized by international value chains, making the imposition of trade barriers more challenging and likely to disrupt supply chains [4]. Group 2: Current Trade Policies - Starting in 2018, the U.S. initiated multiple rounds of tariffs against China, escalating from $50 billion to $200 billion with a tax rate of 25%, resulting in a weakening of U.S.-China export ties and a temporary "export rush" effect in certain industries [6]. - The 2025 tariff policy under the Trump administration is expected to be more intense, with an average effective tariff rate projected to reach 22.4%, surpassing the levels seen during the Great Depression, and covering a broader range of products from consumer goods to high-tech items [10]. Group 3: Economic Impact - The macroeconomic impact of tariffs is typically gradual, with initial market reactions being severe, leading to a "rush to export" effect, as seen in 2018 when China's exports to the U.S. surged [12]. - In the medium term, as tariffs take effect, profit margins for companies reliant on imported raw materials will be squeezed, leading to reduced capital expenditure and declining consumer confidence [15]. - Long-term effects may include a restructuring of global supply chains as companies seek to mitigate costs and risks, potentially leading to a decrease in U.S.-China trade and a shift towards regionalization [18]. Group 4: Investment Recommendations - Companies in high-risk export industries, such as home appliances, automotive, and textiles, should be avoided due to their vulnerability to profit margin compression from tariffs [19]. - Focus should be on brand-name consumer goods with strong pricing power, as these companies can often pass on costs to consumers, mitigating the impact of tariffs [22]. - Industries with localized production capabilities, such as HVAC systems and large appliances, are less sensitive to tariff fluctuations and should be prioritized for investment [23]. - Sectors driven by domestic consumption, like food and beverage, exhibit relative stability and should be considered for medium to long-term investment [24]. - Technology and high-end manufacturing sectors, particularly those with domestic substitution potential, are key areas for investment focus [25]. - Resilient consumer sectors, including low-cost, high-frequency items and elder care products, are expected to perform well despite economic uncertainties [26].

图片来源于：广发证券 点击蓝字，关注我们 关税作为政策工具的历史演变 1、1930年代：斯穆特-霍利法案与全球⼤萧条的教训 1930年出台的《斯穆特-霍利关税法》在全球经济已显疲态之际，将超过两万种商品的进口税率显著上调，使美国平均关税水平从1929年的13.5%提升至 1933年的19.8%。 历史数据显示，在该法案实施后， 美国名义GDP在四年间下滑了45%，出口总额骤降67%，失业率攀升至近25% 。这一历史时期的经验深刻表明，在 全球经济高度关联的背景下，大幅度、非协商性的关税措施极易触发链式反应，最终对本国经济造成深远的负面影响。 然而，相对1930年代，当前世界贸易以国际价值链为特征，强行推进贸易壁垒会使得供应链紊乱甚至断裂， 真实落地的难度更大 ； 同时，对美国本身经济来说，当前 贸易战的冲击会远小于1930年代 ，原因在于：一是当前经济过热程度不如1920年代末期，二是美联储 有更灵活的货币政策空间，以应付可能产生的衰退或通缩。但鉴于美国当前进出口占GDP比重显著高于1930年代， 波及的人群和国家或 更广 。 2、2018年：特朗普"关税优先"政策的阶段性演绎 2018年起，美国对华发起多轮 ...

文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人： 陆银波（15210860866） 韩港（微信 HGK1366） 核心观点 本文从行业协会视角出发，观察 20 大中观行业的现状与未来趋势。 1 ）当前供需失衡、需求不足等问题仍然存在。 2 ）但边际上，已出现一定积极迹象， 表现为：企业正通过调整改造、并购重组等方式重构行业格局（例 如百货行业）；在总量偏弱背景下不乏结构性亮点（例如珠宝消费承压，但黄金高增）； 3 ）往后看，关注四个趋势： 通过供改改善行业环境（如光伏 / 钢铁 / 石化 / 水泥等 ）；新的增长极正在 形成（ AI/ 软件 / 演出等）； AI 助力降本提效（如餐饮 / 珠宝 / 百货等）；深耕细分领域（服装 / 珠宝 / 白酒等）。 报告摘要 一、供需失衡等症结仍存 1 ）供求失衡问题，主要集中在周期、制造业领域 ，例如： a ）石化，"面临深度调整的阵痛期"； b ）钢 铁，需求自 2020 年连续 4 年下滑，且"新的供需动态平衡机制尚未建立"； c ）水泥，"水泥市场饱和度较 高"，在需求下滑的背景下， 内卷式竞争加剧； d ） ...