丨证券研究报告丨 行业研究丨行业周报丨海运 [Table_Title] 油运地缘期权初兑现，长锦控盘致单边市 报告要点 [Table_Summary] 需求端，美伊冲突升级，战争风险的提升叠加霍尔木兹海峡关闭风险的走阔，油运行业景气有 望进一步提升，若冲突缓解，带来的是原油运输需求合规化的提升，亦将利好行业；供给端， 韩国长锦商船的"搅局"给行业格局带来较大变化，短时间内，长锦商船将自身控制运力提升 且压而不用，即期市场可用运力受限，运价不断创新高。总的来看，油轮股地缘冲突带来的催 化，以及长锦商船"搅局"带来格局端超预期发展，继续推荐核心标的招商轮船、中远海能。 分析师及联系人 [Table_Author] 韩轶超 SAC：S0490512020001 SFC：BQK468 请阅读最后评级说明和重要声明 %% %% %% %% research.95579.com 1 [Table_Title2] 油运地缘期权初兑现，长锦控盘致单边市 [Table_Summary2] 运价走势复盘：油运再破高位 油运高位再涨：本周克拉克森平均 VLCC-TCE 上涨 40.1%至 200k 美元/天。集运节后回暖： 本周外 ...

航运行业：伊朗局势升级，保障原油运 输成关注焦点，油运运价持续景气 事件：伊朗局势近期快速升级，目前美国和以色列对伊朗展开了持续的远程打 击，伊朗最高领袖哈梅内伊确认遇害。伊朗方面的还击导致巴林、阿联酋、卡 塔尔、沙特、科威特、约旦等多地响起爆炸声，位于巴林的美国第五舰队服务 中心遭到导弹袭击。 受战争影响，伊朗宣布封锁霍尔木兹海峡，目该地区的航运已陷入停滞状态， 多个欧洲国家政府已向其在途的悬挂本国国旗的油轮发出紧急指令，要求严禁 通过霍尔木兹海峡，以规避当前局势升级带来的安全风险。 点评： 局势升级前，油运已经处于高景气度状态：今年以来，原油运输景气度持续提 升。而近期受伊朗局势升级的预期影响，VLCC-TCE 在冲突爆发前就已经攀升 至超 20 万美元/天的高水平。 地缘政治方面，伊朗局势自去年以来一直不稳定，且本次冲突正式爆发前，美 方就已经通过多种方式持续对伊朗进行施压，市场对冲突升级的担忧不断发 酵，带动了行业风险溢价的提升。 伊朗局势升级或进一步提升油运行业风险溢价：局势的升级目前已经导致伊朗 宣布封锁霍尔木兹海峡，市场对中东原油供应中断的担忧急剧升温。霍尔木兹 海峡是波斯湾通往印度洋的唯一海道 ...

当金银铜的价格在狂欢中屡创新高，资金已经开始寻找下一个洼地。 2月22日，长江证券发布了一份长达42页的深度策略报告，抛出了一个极其直白的问题：资源大时代，下一个战略品种在哪里？ 以往，大宗商品价格一涨，企业就会加码建厂扩产，最后产能过剩、价格崩盘。 但现在，时代变了。 长江证券指出，在当下的宏观环境中，"逆全球化地缘主义掣肘出海+双碳管控，催生第二类稀缺资源"。 第二，全球性。需求遍布全球，受益于全球降息和补库周期。 海外降息范式下，金融流动性逐步传导至实体经济修复，全球制造业需求企稳复苏，大宗轮动周期一般为"有色-化工原油"，后续品种空间 值得期待。 第三，最关键的一点，价格在低位，利润高弹性。 换句话说，哪怕现在利润再高，你想扩产也扩不了。 哪些行业正在变成这种"第二类稀缺资源"？报告点名了四个领域：电解铝、化工石化、航空、油运。 它们的共同特征非常明显： 第一，战略性。要么是中国拥有绝对定价权，要么是美国的高精尖垄断产业。 一类是中国具备"全产业链和成本优势"的制造业，并且"成功攫取上游海外原料和下游出口海外两端利润"，形成"供给定价权"的战略制造 （电解铝、化工&石化、油运等）；另一类是美国部分高精 ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains a positive outlook on the aviation sector, indicating a potential "golden era" for airlines due to improving demand and supply constraints [2]. Core Insights - The report highlights India's potential reduction in Russian oil imports, shifting towards sourcing from non-sanctioned countries like the US and Venezuela, which may impact shipping dynamics [2]. - The report emphasizes the strengthening of the shipbuilding sector, with recommendations for companies like China Shipbuilding and China Power, as the dollar strengthens [2]. - The report notes that VLCC freight rates remain high, with a slight increase of 2% week-on-week, indicating a complex interplay between supply and demand in the oil shipping market [2]. - The aviation sector is expected to see significant improvements in profitability due to historical high passenger load factors and a growing trend in international travel [2]. - The express delivery industry faces uncertainties in demand and regulatory policies, but leading companies like ZTO Express and YTO Express are expected to maintain their market share and profitability [2]. Summary by Sections Shipping and Oil Transportation - VLCC freight rates have shown a week-on-week increase of 2%, with current rates at $124,743 per day, while Suezmax and Aframax rates have decreased by 3% and 7% respectively [2]. - The report discusses the impact of geopolitical tensions on shipping rates, particularly in the context of the Middle East and the Black Sea region [2]. Aviation - The aviation sector is poised for a significant turnaround, with airlines expected to benefit from increased capacity allocation to international routes and a favorable oil price environment [2]. - Companies such as China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines, and Spring Airlines are highlighted as key players to watch in this sector [2]. Express Delivery - The express delivery sector is characterized by a concentration of market share among leading firms, with ZTO Express and YTO Express being noted for their resilience and growth potential [2]. - The report suggests that despite uncertainties, the competitive landscape will favor established players [2]. Rail and Road Transportation - Rail freight volumes and highway truck traffic have shown resilience, with a reported increase of 2.27% and 4.75% respectively in recent weeks [2]. - The report identifies two main investment themes in the highway sector: high dividend yields and potential value management opportunities [2].

2月2日，招商南油跌5.42%，成交额7.65亿元。两融数据显示，当日招商南油获融资买入额1.19亿元， 融资偿还1.03亿元，融资净买入1682.53万元。截至2月2日，招商南油融资融券余额合计6.13亿元。 责任编辑：小浪快报 机构持仓方面，截止2025年9月30日，招商南油十大流通股东中，香港中央结算有限公司位居第四大流 通股东，持股8477.42万股，相比上期增加2063.90万股。南方中证1000ETF（512100）位居第九大流通 股东，持股3548.93万股，相比上期减少39.14万股。 声明：市场有风险，投资需谨慎。本文基于第三方数据库自动发布，不代表新浪财经观点，任何在本文 出现的信息均只作为参考，不构成个人投资建议。如有出入请以实际公告为准。如有疑问，请联系 biz@staff.sina.com.cn。 融资方面，招商南油当日融资买入1.19亿元。当前融资余额6.13亿元，占流通市值的3.75%，融资余额 低于近一年30%分位水平，处于低位。 融券方面，招商南油2月2日融券偿还23.21万股，融券卖出7600.00股，按当日收盘价计算，卖出金额 2.65万元；融券余量18.96万股，融券余 ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Positive" outlook on the shipping industry, highlighting strong performance in the sector despite seasonal challenges [4]. Core Insights - The shipbuilding sector is expected to show significant earnings growth, with Su Mei Da's Q4 net profit forecasted at 2.5 billion, a year-on-year increase of 71%, driven by strong contributions from shipbuilding and power generation [5]. - The shipping market continues to experience robust demand, with one-year charter rates for VLCCs rising by 2.8% to $64,000 per day, and Cape rates increasing by 8.4% to $28,700 per day [5]. - The report emphasizes the ongoing volatility in oil transportation rates, with VLCC rates experiencing a 62% increase in a single day due to supply-demand imbalances and geopolitical tensions [5]. - The dry bulk shipping market is also showing resilience, with the BDI index rising by 21.9% week-on-week, driven by strong demand from Australia and Brazil [5]. Summary by Sections Shipbuilding Sector - Su Mei Da's Q4 net profit is projected at 2.5 billion, up 71% year-on-year, exceeding expectations [5]. - ST Songfa's Q4 net profit is estimated between 11-14 million, with a net profit margin of 14%, reflecting a 1.6 percentage point increase from Q3 [5]. - Attention is drawn to China Shipbuilding's upcoming full consolidation of assets and the release of high-priced orders in Q1 2026 [5]. Shipping Market - The report notes a continued upward trend in shipping rates, with VLCC rates increasing by 2.8% and Cape rates by 8.4% [5]. - The VLCC average rate rose by 16% week-on-week, reaching $122,326 per day, with Middle East to Far East rates dropping by 25% [5]. - The report highlights the impact of geopolitical tensions on oil transportation, particularly in the context of the Ukraine conflict [5]. Dry Bulk Shipping - The BDI index recorded a 21.9% increase, with Capesize rates rising by 35.8% to $31,809 per day [5]. - Strong demand from Australia and Brazil is noted, with limited supply contributing to higher rates [5]. Air Transportation - The report indicates a significant opportunity for airlines due to rising passenger volumes and historical high load factors, suggesting a potential "golden era" for the industry [5]. - Airlines such as China Eastern Airlines and Spring Airlines are highlighted as key players to watch [5]. Express Delivery - The report anticipates uncertainty in the express delivery sector due to fluctuating demand and industry self-regulation policies, but notes that leading companies like Zhongtong Express and YTO Express are expected to maintain their market share and profitability [5]. Rail and Road Transportation - Rail freight volumes and highway truck traffic are showing resilience, with recent data indicating a slight decline in volumes but overall stability [5]. - The report suggests that high dividend investment themes and potential value management catalysts in the highway sector are worth monitoring [5].

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "Positive" (maintained) [4] Core Viewpoints - The geopolitical changes are expected to usher in an "Oil Shipping Era" [3] - The U.S. military action against Venezuela may promote the compliance of Venezuelan oil trade, with short-term impacts limiting exports and shifting demand to compliant regions, equivalent to a demand for 19 VLCCs [4] - If U.S. sanctions on Venezuela are lifted, oil exports could reach 2.4 million barrels per day, requiring 141 VLCCs [4] - Iran's oil exports face dual pressures from domestic unrest and U.S. threats, with potential demand shifts to compliant markets equating to a need for 38 VLCCs [4] - Russia's oil exports are maintained through shadow fleets, with potential sanctions impacting 1.5 million barrels per day, equivalent to 36 VLCCs [4] - The new geopolitical landscape highlights the strategic value of oil shipping, with demand expected to improve in the short to medium term [4] Summary by Sections Geopolitical Impact on Oil Shipping - The geopolitical situation is reshaping global oil trade flows, expanding the compliant oil shipping market [4] - Short-term supply changes due to geopolitical conflicts may support shipping rates [4] - The dual logic of trade flow restructuring and compliance transformation is expected to drive demand in the oil shipping industry [4] Demand Projections - Venezuela: - Short-term demand shift due to transport restrictions: 19 VLCCs - Medium-term demand if sanctions are lifted: 46 VLCCs - Long-term potential peak exports: 141 VLCCs [4] - Iran: - Short-term demand shift due to unrest: 38 VLCCs - Long-term potential peak exports: 57 VLCCs [4] - Russia: - Potential sanctions impact: 36 VLCCs - If sanctions are lifted, demand could increase significantly [4]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the news is that China COSCO Shipping Energy Transportation Co., Ltd. (中远海能) has shown significant stock price increases and trading activity, indicating positive market sentiment [1] - As of January 13, the stock price increased by 19.09% year-to-date, with a 15.92% rise over the last five trading days and a 21.91% increase over the last twenty days [1] - The company has a total market capitalization of 76.02 billion yuan and reported a trading volume of 743 million yuan on January 13 [1] Group 2 - The company operates in the transportation sector, specifically in shipping, and is involved in international and domestic oil and LNG transportation [1][2] - As of September 30, the company reported a revenue of 17.11 billion yuan for the first nine months of 2025, a slight decrease of 0.21% year-on-year, and a net profit of 2.72 billion yuan, down 20.27% year-on-year [2] - The company has distributed a total of 14.46 billion yuan in dividends since its A-share listing, with 4.44 billion yuan distributed over the last three years [3] Group 3 - The company is categorized under the transportation and shipping industry, with relevant concepts including the Shanghai Free Trade Zone, ocean transportation, state-owned enterprise reform, oil and gas storage, and the Belt and Road Initiative [2] - As of September 30, the number of shareholders decreased by 29.24% to 82,400, with an average of 0 circulating shares per shareholder [2] - Major institutional shareholders have reduced their holdings, with Hong Kong Central Clearing Limited holding 69.66 million shares, down by 21.98 million shares from the previous period [3]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a positive outlook on the shipping industry, particularly in light of recent developments in Venezuela and the increase in new ship prices [1][2]. Core Insights - Venezuela's political changes are expected to benefit compliant tanker markets, with a potential increase in oil exports leading to higher demand for Aframax tankers and VLCCs [3][4]. - New ship prices have shown an upward trend, with a 0.5% increase reported, particularly in gas carriers which rose by 1% [3]. - The report highlights a significant drop in VLCC freight rates, which fell by 36% week-on-week, while the Atlantic market remains relatively stable [3][4]. Summary by Sections Shipping Market - The report notes that the recent escalation in Venezuela's situation could lead to a 1.4% increase in compliant VLCC oil transport demand and a 4.0% increase for Aframax tankers [3][4]. - The average VLCC freight rate was reported at $43,895 per day, with Middle East to Far East rates dropping to $38,690 per day, a decrease of 45% from the previous week [3][4]. New Ship Prices - New ship prices have increased by 0.5% to 185.59 points, although they are down 1.85% compared to the beginning of 2025 [3][4]. Oil and Product Transport - The LR2-TC1 freight rate increased by 5% to $42,671 per day, supported by tight capacity in previous weeks [3]. - The report indicates a decline in MR average freight rates by 5% to $23,103 per day, with the Atlantic market remaining stable despite the holiday season [3][4]. Air Transport - The report anticipates significant improvements in airline profitability due to supply constraints and increasing passenger volumes, recommending several airlines for investment [3][4]. Express Delivery - The express delivery sector is entering a new phase of competition, with three potential scenarios outlined for future performance [3][4]. Rail and Road Transport - Rail freight volumes and highway truck traffic are expected to maintain steady growth, with recent data showing a slight decrease in volumes [3][4].

Core Viewpoint - The global shipping freight rates for commodities, including energy and bulk minerals, are experiencing an unprecedented year-end surge due to ongoing geopolitical conflicts, Western sanctions, and rising production levels, which are disrupting global shipping supply lines [1] Group 1: Freight Rate Increases - The daily earnings for transporting crude oil products on key global routes have surged by 467% from the beginning of the year to the end of November [1] - Freight rates for liquefied natural gas and iron ore have increased by over four times and two times, respectively [1][4] - The benchmark for shipping bulk commodities, including grain and minerals, reached a 20-month high by the end of November due to expectations surrounding a major iron ore project in Guinea and weather-related delays near China's coast [4] Group 2: Supply Chain Disruptions - Geopolitical tensions, such as attacks by Houthi forces on Red Sea commercial vessels, have forced some ships to reroute, increasing the "ton-miles" metric, which indicates longer transportation distances [5] - The effective shipping capacity has been artificially reduced due to slower turnaround times, with the same fleet now able to complete fewer trips per year [5] - The shipping industry is facing a static number of vessels, leading to a significant impact on freight rates due to reduced effective capacity [5] Group 3: Market Dynamics and Future Outlook - Despite a slight decline from the peak in late November, high transportation costs continue to have a positive ripple effect across the shipping market [6] - Major U.S. LNG buyers have considered delaying shipments, while some oil tanker operators are opting for longer routes to secure higher profits [6] - Shipping companies remain cautious about fleet renewal and strategic decisions due to high new ship prices and potential price declines following the reopening of the Red Sea [6] - Analysts suggest that the current year-end freight rate surge is driven by a combination of strong demand, reduced effective supply, and longer shipping routes, rather than seasonal trends or market speculation [7]