行业研究 2、VLCC 现货运价冲高至 20 万，期租租金涨至 10 万。本周克拉克森 VLCC- TCE 指数 20.0 万美元，周环比+40.1%；其中，中东-中国航线报于 22.3 万美 元/天，周环比+42%；西非-中国航线报于 18.4 万美元/天，周环比+39%；美湾 -中国航线报于 13.3 万美元/天，周环比+35%。一年期 VLCC 期租价格也继续 涨至 10 万美元/天，周环比+9%。 3、投资建议：此前报告我们提出，三大因素致 VLCC 市场正面临近乎空前的 高涨情绪：1）美伊冲突局势骤然升级，或推升航运资产风险溢价；2）长锦大 举"扫货"，一跃成为全球最大 VLCC 经营商，显著提振市场情绪与信心，船 东集中度提升有望增强议价能力；3）委内瑞拉原油转向合规市场、印度承诺 停止购买俄油、欧盟提议对俄实施全面海上服务禁令，制裁强化增加合规贸易 需求。我们继续强调年度策略观点，看好油运市场上行景气，行业供给端持续 真空（今年少量 VLCC 交付的影响有限），需求催化仍待兑现，运价上涨弹性 充分，继续推荐油轮板块，中远海能 H/A、招商轮船、招商南油。 （二）快递：反内卷延续，行业件量增速好于 ...

行业研究 证 券 研 究 报 告 一、聚焦：美伊冲突推升航运资产风险溢价，快递反内卷延续 （一）油运：美伊冲突局势骤然升级，助推航运资产风险溢价 1、美伊冲突局势升级，霍尔木兹海峡或成为全球能源和航运市场关注的焦点。 克拉克森研究统计，全球约 11%的海运贸易量需经由霍尔木兹海峡，其中包括 34%的石油出口、30%的 LPG 出口、20%的 LNG 贸易、18%的化学品贸易 和 7%的汽车贸易，集装箱和干散货贸易占比分别为 3%和 2%。若其运输关 闭或中断将对全球能源和航运市场产生重大影响，例如导致能源价格飙升，海 运贸易结构和贸易流向潜在改变。 2、VLCC 现货运价冲高至 20 万，期租租金涨至 10 万。本周克拉克森 VLCC- TCE 指数 20.0 万美元，周环比+40.1%；其中，中东-中国航线报于 22.3 万美 元/天，周环比+42%；西非-中国航线报于 18.4 万美元/天，周环比+39%；美湾 -中国航线报于 13.3 万美元/天，周环比+35%。一年期 VLCC 期租价格也继续 涨至 10 万美元/天，周环比+9%。 3、投资建议：此前报告我们提出，三大因素致 VLCC 市场正面临近乎 ...

考虑去年同期价格相对低基数，价格同比增幅明显有望传导至利润端，以圆通速递为例，测算价格端每增1分对应 业绩增2.6亿/年。 #重视电商快递分化信号，1-2月件量增长超预期，预计Top2件量增速领先行业5ppts左右 快递行业反内卷、电商税等因素减少轻小件在快递增量中占比，同时区域快递品牌之间价差收窄等因素推动件量 4Q25起逐渐向Top2集中，我们预计1~2月Top2件量增速领先行业5ppts左右，份额持续提升。 【中信交运】快递跟踪点评：价格短期维持韧性，重视电商快递分化信号 #料淡季价格维持韧性，价格同比增幅明显有望传导至利润端 料监管底线继续明确，26年淡季价格端调整或将不会明显超出季节性范围，重回0.1公斤段8-9毛的烈性价格战概率 较低。 反内卷思路延续背景下，我们预计淡季产粮区价格有望短期维持韧性。 考虑去年同期价格相对低基数，价格同比增幅明显有望传导至利润端，以圆通速递为例，测 【中信交运】快递跟踪点评：价格短期维持韧性，重视电商快递分化信号 #料淡季价格维持韧性，价格同比增幅明显有望传导至利润端 料监管底线继续明确，26年淡季价格端调整或将不会明显超出季节性范围，重回0.1公斤段8-9毛的烈性 ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Positive" investment rating for the express delivery industry [14] Core Insights - Since Q4 2025, the growth rate of the express delivery industry has been declining, with growth rates of 7.9%, 5.0%, and 2.3% in October, November, and December 2025 respectively. This slowdown has accelerated the differentiation within the industry, with leading companies like ZTO Express and YTO Express outperforming second-tier competitors [2][7][23] - Key factors influencing the industry include: 1) The introduction of precise tax audits for e-commerce, increasing compliance costs for merchants; 2) The "anti-involution" measures in express delivery, which have set a clear bottom line for competition and raised logistics costs [7][30][36] - Looking ahead to 2026, the industry is expected to experience a clearer turning point in differentiation, with leading companies likely to continue gaining market share and potentially benefiting from volume, profit, and valuation improvements [8][42] Summary by Sections E-commerce Compliance Costs - The e-commerce tax collection has been strengthened, significantly increasing compliance costs for merchants. The introduction of the "Internet Platform Enterprises Tax Information Reporting Regulations" in June 2025 marks a new phase of tax compliance in the e-commerce sector [30][33] - The tax burden for online merchants has increased, particularly for those with annual revenues exceeding 5 million, as the advantages of non-compliance diminish [30][34] Anti-Involution Measures - The "anti-involution" measures have stabilized express delivery prices, leading to improved profitability for express companies. Since September 2025, the price growth rate has turned positive, enhancing the single-ticket profitability of express services [36][37] - The focus on maintaining a safe bottom line in the industry is expected to continue, with the postal administration prioritizing the regulation of "involution-style" competition in 2026 [36] Industry Outlook - The express delivery industry is anticipated to return to single-digit growth rates, with a clearer differentiation among companies. Leading firms with strong product value propositions and solid financial structures are expected to gain market share [42] - The report highlights the potential for valuation premiums to recover for leading companies like ZTO Express and YTO Express, as their market share and profit expectations improve [42][46]

Group 1: Industry Overview - In 2025, the express delivery volume growth slowed due to factors like e-commerce tax and "anti-involution" policies, with industry revenue per ticket initially declining before recovering[2] - The express delivery industry is expected to see a business volume growth rate of 8% in 2026, down from 14% in 2025[48] Group 2: Investment Strategies - Three main investment lines for 2026 are identified: overseas expansion, anti-involution, and cyclical recovery[2] - The overseas expansion line is driven by explosive growth in overseas e-commerce GMV, with Jitu Express expected to benefit significantly, achieving a 68% year-on-year growth in Southeast Asia in 2025[19] - The anti-involution line highlights the increasing market share and profitability of leading express companies, with recommendations to focus on Zhongtong Express, YTO Express, and Shentong Express[2] Group 3: Key Companies - Jitu Express is projected to maintain a strong growth trajectory, with Southeast Asia revenue increasing by approximately 30% to $1.97 billion in the first half of 2025, and adjusted EBIT growing by 74%[19] - SF Express is expected to benefit from a mild domestic economic recovery, with its business structure adjustments showing positive results, and its valuation at historical lows[3] Group 4: Market Dynamics - The express delivery market is experiencing significant differentiation, with leading companies gaining market share and profitability amid a backdrop of regulatory changes aimed at curbing price wars[41] - The competitive landscape is shifting, with major players like Zhongtong and YTO expected to outperform in terms of growth and profitability due to their superior management capabilities and network resilience[48]

Investment Rating - The investment rating for ZTO Express is "Outperform the Market" [6] Core Viewpoints - The report emphasizes that ZTO Express has a significant competitive advantage, primarily due to its leading market share, superior network management capabilities, brand premium, stronger stability among franchisees, and robust financial strength [3][14] - In the short to medium term, ZTO is expected to maintain its "quantity and quality" strategy, which, along with price increases and reduced low-cost packages, will optimize the demand structure in the express delivery industry, leading to a continuous increase in market share [3] - In the long term, as the competitive landscape stabilizes, ZTO is likely to develop a diversified service system, enhancing its profitability [3] Summary by Relevant Sections Industry Development Review - The express delivery demand in China has transitioned from rapid growth to steady growth, with the volume expected to increase from 2.34 billion pieces in 2010 to 199 billion pieces by 2025, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 34.5% [1][34] - The competitive landscape has returned to rationality, with price competition being controlled within reasonable limits due to policies aimed at high-quality development [1][52] Company Development Review - ZTO Express has distinguished itself in the competitive landscape through innovative models and strategic foresight, becoming the first private express company to open inter-provincial network buses in 2005 and implementing a paid delivery model in 2007 [2] - The company has consistently led in investments in resources such as trunk vehicles and automation equipment, establishing a virtuous cycle of scale, cost, profit, and quality [2] Financial Forecast and Valuation - The report projects ZTO Express's net profit for 2025-2027 to be 9.48 billion, 10.59 billion, and 11.78 billion yuan, with year-on-year growth rates of 7.5%, 11.7%, and 11.2% respectively [3][5] - The current stock price corresponds to a price-to-earnings (PE) ratio of 12X and 11X for 2026 and 2027, indicating that the stock is still at a low valuation level [3][6]

Core Viewpoint - The express delivery industry faces multiple uncertainties regarding demand and self-discipline policies, but the trend of concentration in market share and profits among leading companies is confirmed. Companies like ZTO Express and YTO Express are recommended, while attention is drawn to the performance elasticity of Shentong Express. Jitu Express is expected to maintain its leading position in Southeast Asia and new markets, and SF Express is noted for its management structure and business line adjustments, presenting bottom-fishing opportunities [1]. Group 1: December Performance Reports - YTO Express reported a revenue of 6.496 billion yuan in December, a year-on-year increase of 7.48%, with a business volume of 2.884 billion tickets, up 9.04%. The average revenue per ticket decreased by 1.43% to 2.25 yuan [2]. - Yunda's December revenue was 4.626 billion yuan, down 1.49% year-on-year, with a business volume of 2.148 billion tickets, down 7.37%. The average revenue per ticket increased by 5.91% to 2.15 yuan [2]. - Shentong Express achieved a revenue of 5.836 billion yuan in December, a significant year-on-year increase of 28.23%, with a business volume of 2.501 billion tickets, up 11.09%. The average revenue per ticket rose by 15.35% to 2.33 yuan [2]. - SF Express's total revenue from express logistics, supply chain, and international business reached 27.339 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.41%. The express business revenue was 20.378 billion yuan, up 3.78%, with a business volume of 1.476 billion tickets, up 9.33%, and an average revenue per ticket of 13.81 yuan [2]. Group 2: Industry Trends and Insights - The growth rate of express delivery business volume in December was 2.6%, significantly down due to multiple factors such as price increases, the timing of the New Year goods festival, and e-commerce taxes. The State Post Bureau projects an 8% growth rate for express delivery business volume in 2026 [2]. - The industry average price in December was 7.94 yuan, reflecting a month-on-month increase of 0.31 yuan, indicating ongoing price increases amid the anti-involution trend [2]. - There is a noticeable divergence in business volume growth among companies, with Shentong Express (+11.1%) and SF Express (+9.3%) showing positive growth, while Yunda (-7.4%) experienced a decline. Factors like e-commerce taxes are impacting lower-priced merchants more significantly, exacerbating industry differentiation [3].

Investment Rating - The report rates the logistics industry as "Overweight," indicating a positive outlook for the sector compared to the overall market performance [2]. Core Insights - The report highlights that the express delivery industry is experiencing a divergence in performance among companies, with varying revenue growth rates and business volume changes [2]. - Factors such as price increases in express delivery, the timing of the New Year goods festival, and e-commerce taxes are impacting the growth rates of express delivery business volumes [2]. - The report anticipates that the overall volume growth in January and February will remain stable compared to the previous year, despite the challenges faced in December [2]. Summary by Sections Industry Performance - In December, major express companies reported mixed results: - YTO Express had a revenue of 6.496 billion yuan, up 7.48% year-on-year, with a business volume of 2.884 billion tickets, up 9.04% [2]. - Yunda's revenue was 4.626 billion yuan, down 1.49%, with a business volume of 2.148 billion tickets, down 7.37% [2]. - Shentong Express reported a revenue of 5.836 billion yuan, up 28.23%, with a business volume of 2.501 billion tickets, up 11.09% [2]. - SF Holding's total revenue from express logistics, supply chain, and international business was 27.339 billion yuan, up 3.41% [2]. Price Trends - The average industry price in December was 7.94 yuan, showing a month-on-month increase of 0.31 yuan, indicating a trend of price increases in the express delivery sector [2]. - The report notes that the price changes among companies varied, with SF seeing the highest increase of 0.34 yuan [2]. Investment Recommendations - The report recommends focusing on leading companies such as ZTO Express and YTO Express, which are expected to continue benefiting from industry consolidation and price increases [2]. - It also suggests monitoring Shentong Express for its performance elasticity and highlights Jitu Express's growth potential in Southeast Asia and new markets [2].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Buy" rating for key companies in the transportation sector, including SF Holding, Spring Airlines, and China Eastern Airlines, among others [2][3]. Core Insights - The report highlights the recovery of the aviation industry as flight volumes increase, with a focus on the upcoming Spring Festival travel season and the performance of airline ticket pre-sales [6][29]. - SF Holding is noted for its high cash reserves and low valuation, suggesting a strong potential for valuation recovery in the near future [6][21]. - The logistics sector is seeing strong resource integration capabilities, with Shimon Logistics preparing for its upcoming IPO [46]. Summary by Sections 1. SF Holding: High Safety Margin and Low Valuation - SF Holding has substantial cash reserves, with cash accounting for 14.2%, 20.5%, and 16.2% of total market value from 2022 to 2024, providing a strong support for stock prices [9][12]. - The expected shareholder return rate for 2025E and 2026E is projected to reach 3.8%, with dividend yields of 2.57% and 2.88% respectively [12][15]. - The current PE ratio of SF Holding is at 18X, close to the market's historical low, indicating a potential for valuation recovery as market conditions improve [24][21]. 2. Aviation Tracking: Recovery from Off-Season - Domestic flight volumes increased to 89,086 flights from January 10 to January 16, 2026, a 2.7% rise compared to the previous week, reaching 112% of the 2019 levels [29][30]. - The average daily aircraft utilization rate rose to 7.89 hours, reflecting a 2.1% increase from the previous week [30]. - The upcoming Spring Festival is expected to see 5.39 billion railway passengers, a 5% increase year-on-year, which may positively influence airline ticket sales [6][29]. 3. Comprehensive Logistics Companies: Shimon Logistics IPO - Shimon Logistics has established a strong competitive advantage in the logistics sector, providing long-term services to leading global manufacturing companies [46][48]. - The company is expected to generate revenues of 9.2 billion yuan in 2025, despite a projected decline due to reduced demand from major clients [48][51]. - The logistics business is segmented into comprehensive supply chain services and trunk transportation services, with the former accounting for 76% of total revenue in the first half of 2025 [48][49]. 4. Continuous Improvement in the Express Delivery Industry - The express delivery sector saw a slight decline in revenue in November 2025, with a total of 1,376.5 billion yuan, down 3.7% year-on-year, while the volume increased by 5% [59][62]. - The average revenue per package in the express delivery industry was 7.62 yuan, reflecting a 1.9% increase from the previous month [62][69]. - Companies like SF Holding, Shentong, and Yunda are recommended for their strong performance and potential for price recovery in the express delivery market [80].

Core Viewpoint - The express delivery industry is expected to maintain a single-digit growth rate, with a projected year-on-year increase of 5% in November 2025, reflecting a slowdown in growth compared to previous years [1][2]. Group 1: Industry Growth and Performance - The express delivery volume during the e-commerce Double Eleven shopping festival is expected to increase by 9% year-on-year, a significant decrease from the 21% growth rate observed in 2024 [1][2]. - The average daily volume during the shopping festival is 1.18 times that of regular days, with a peak daily volume increase of 6.6% year-on-year, indicating a diminishing marginal effect of the shopping festival on consumer spending [2][3]. Group 2: Revenue and Market Share - The implementation of anti-involution policies has effectively increased the revenue per package, with YTO, Yunda, and Shentong seeing revenue increases of 0.16, 0.25, and 0.44 yuan respectively from July to November [3]. - The market concentration in the express delivery sector has stabilized, with the CR8 index remaining at 86.9 in November, indicating a balanced market share among major players [3]. - The market shares for Zhongtong, YTO, Yunda, Shentong, and Jitu in Q3 2025 were 19.4%, 15.6%, 13.0%, 13.2%, and 11.3% respectively, showing slight fluctuations [3]. Group 3: Profitability Recovery - The anti-involution measures have contributed to a recovery in profitability, with Zhongtong, YTO, Yunda, and Shentong reporting net profit margin changes of -0.9%, +0.07%, -1.5%, and +0.5% year-on-year respectively [3]. - The trend of profitability recovery is expected to continue into Q4, contingent on the sustained implementation of anti-involution policies [3][4]. Group 4: Regulatory Environment and Competitive Strategies - The anti-involution policies initiated by the State Post Bureau have effectively countered "involution-style" competition, supported by local postal authorities through price and market share supervision [4]. - The positive effects of the anti-involution measures are anticipated to continue, promoting healthy competition and profitability within the industry [4]. Group 5: Investment Recommendations - The express delivery sector is viewed positively, with recommendations for leading companies such as Zhongtong Express and Jitu Express, which are expected to benefit from improved profitability and high growth in overseas volumes [5]. - SF Express is noted for its proactive market expansion strategy, which is expected to yield positive results as cost control measures are strengthened [5].