华西中小盘 （一）核聚变释放能量高，氘氚为当前主流反应 可控聚变能源的效率极高，燃料需求量和物理废物量也更少：1克氘氚聚变燃料释放的能量相当于11.2吨标准煤，是1克铀-235裂变所释放能量约4倍。可 控核聚变的氘氚反应因三大核心优势：1）燃料获取可行，储备丰富：氘在自然界中分布极其丰富，来自于普通的水；②技术可行性最高：过去半个多世 纪的聚变研究，绝大部分都集中在氘-氚反应上；③能量增益较高：氘-氚反应一次释放17.6MeV的能量，是目前实现能量净增益（Q>1）乃至商业化发电 （Q>10）较为现实的途径等优势，且外加最低的点火温度、燃料获取相对容易以及最成熟的研发基础，目前仍是被理论和实验广泛验证、并具备工程可 行性的主流聚变路径。磁约束被认为是目前最有希望实现大规模受控核聚变反应的一种约束方式；根据采用的超导材料和工作温区，主要分为低温超导和 高温超导两条技术路线；高温超导技术是未来实现装置小型化、低成本化和商业化的关键。 （二）全球算力拉动电力需求，可控核聚变进展加速，商业化征途可期 当前全球数据中心用电量约为415 TWh，过去5年保持约12%的年增速；到2030年，在基准情形下将翻倍至约945 TW ...

Group 1 - Controlled nuclear fusion is considered a future ideal energy source due to its high energy output compared to nuclear fission, with 1 gram of deuterium-tritium fusion fuel releasing energy equivalent to 11.2 tons of standard coal, which is about four times that of 1 gram of uranium-235 fission [12][13] - The deuterium-tritium reaction is the mainstream application in nuclear fusion, offering advantages such as feasible fuel acquisition, high technical feasibility, and significant energy gain, making it the most viable path for achieving net energy gain and commercial power generation [18][19] - Magnetic confinement is recognized as the most promising method for achieving large-scale controlled nuclear fusion, with superconducting technology being key to future device miniaturization and cost reduction [1][25] Group 2 - The global demand for electricity is increasing, driven by data centers, which currently consume about 415 TWh and are expected to double to approximately 945 TWh by 2030, making controlled nuclear fusion an ideal energy solution [2][3] - The progress in controlled nuclear fusion has shifted from "can it ignite" to "can it operate long-term, stably, and economically," with significant advancements in devices like EAST and ITER laying the groundwork for commercial viability [2][3] - Major domestic projects in China, such as EAST and BEST, are expected to see capital expenditures exceeding 92 billion yuan over the next five years, benefiting local companies involved in the supply chain [4][6] Group 3 - The manufacturing value of midstream equipment in the tokamak devices is significant, with over 50% of the value chain attributed to midstream equipment, including key components like vacuum chambers and superconducting magnets [3][6] - Domestic companies are expected to benefit from the nuclear fusion sector, with investments in upstream materials and midstream equipment manufacturing, including companies like Western Superconducting, Antai Technology, and China Nuclear Power [6][4] - The capital expenditure in China's controlled nuclear fusion sector is projected to maintain around 92 billion yuan from 2026 to 2030, with annual investments exceeding 10 billion yuan [6][4]

Core Viewpoint - The A-share market shows positive momentum with significant gains in major indices, particularly in the retail and consumer sectors, driven by government initiatives to boost new consumption models [3][6]. Market Performance - As of midday, the Shanghai Composite Index rose by 0.59% to 3899.31, the Shenzhen Component Index increased by 0.93% to 13175.13, and the ChiNext Index climbed by 0.99% to 3137.73 [4]. - The retail sector led the market with a 4.01% increase, followed by duty-free shops and dairy industries, indicating strong consumer sentiment [5]. Sector Highlights - The consumer sector, including retail and food and beverage, continues to perform well, with several stocks reaching their daily limit up [6]. - The business environment is supported by a recent notice from the Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Finance to pilot new consumption models in 50 cities, which is expected to further stimulate growth in the consumer sector [6]. Stock Movements - Notable stock performances include Horizon Robotics rising nearly 7% and XPeng Motors increasing by nearly 5% within the technology sector [8]. - The innovative pharmaceutical sector saw a rebound, with stocks like Yifang Bio rising nearly 10% [9]. Trading Volume - The total trading volume in the Shanghai and Shenzhen markets reached 1.09 trillion yuan, an increase of 42.1 billion yuan compared to the previous trading day, with nearly 4700 stocks rising [5].

Core Viewpoint - The article outlines the investment opportunities and strategic directions for China's "14th Five-Year Plan" (十四五) and "15th Five-Year Plan" (十五五), emphasizing the importance of emerging industries and future technologies as key drivers for economic growth and development in the coming decade [1][24]. Summary by Sections Introduction - Great Power Responsibility - The article highlights China's transition from being an adapter of global rules to a co-builder and responsible stakeholder in international governance, as evidenced by recent speeches from Chinese leaders [2][3]. Comparison of 14th and 15th Five-Year Plans - The 15th Five-Year Plan places greater emphasis on modernizing the industrial system and enhancing technological self-reliance, reflecting a shift in priorities compared to the previous plan [8][10]. Top Ten Investment Directions of the 15th Five-Year Plan - The article identifies ten key sectors for investment during the 15th Five-Year Plan, including: 1. Artificial Intelligence 2. Robotics 3. Aerospace 4. Drones/Low-altitude Economy 5. Strategic Resource Metals 6. Shipping 7. Controlled Nuclear Fusion 8. Energy Storage 9. Brain-Computer Interfaces 10. Innovative Pharmaceuticals [1][24][25]. Emerging Pillar Industries and Future Industries - The plan aims to develop emerging pillar industries such as new energy and new materials, which are expected to create trillion-yuan markets. It also emphasizes the need for forward-looking layouts in future industries like quantum technology and hydrogen energy [24][27]. Focus on Future Industries - The article stresses the importance of focusing on future industries, including future information, future space and security, future energy, and future health, as key areas for capital market attention [28][29]. National Security and Technological Development - The article discusses the integration of national security with technological advancements, particularly in aerospace and defense, highlighting the need for a robust national security framework that supports innovation and development in these sectors [11][18][35]. Conclusion - The overall message of the article is that the 15th Five-Year Plan represents a significant opportunity for investment in emerging technologies and industries, which are crucial for China's economic transformation and global competitiveness in the next decade [24][27].

Core Viewpoint - The A-share market has shown strong performance this year, driven by the AI technology boom, with significant growth in various tech sectors, including optical modules, PCB, AI chips, liquid cooling, humanoid robots, and controllable nuclear fusion [2] Optical Modules - The optical module sector has seen a surge in demand due to increased investment in AI computing infrastructure, with expectations for strong demand for 800G and 1.6T optical modules by 2026 [2] - Eleven leading stocks in the optical module sector have doubled in value this year, with an average increase of 135.52% [2] - Key players like Zhongji Xuchuang, Xinyi Technology, and Tianfu Communication reported significant revenue and profit growth in the first three quarters of 2025 [3][4] PCB (Printed Circuit Board) - The PCB market is experiencing a boom due to the explosive demand for AI servers and high-end switches, with global PCB market value projected to reach $73.6 billion in 2024 [5] - Twelve leading PCB stocks have seen an average increase of 199.26% this year [5] - Major companies such as Shenghong Technology and Shenyin Technology reported substantial revenue and profit growth in the first three quarters of 2025 [6] AI Chips - The AI chip market is accelerating domestic substitution due to export restrictions on high-end chips, with significant growth expected in the coming years [7][8] - The domestic AI chip market is projected to grow from ¥142.54 billion in 2024 to ¥1.34 trillion by 2029, with a compound annual growth rate of 53.7% [8] - Leading companies like Cambricon and Montage Technology have reported impressive revenue and profit growth in 2025 [8][9] Liquid Cooling - The liquid cooling market is gaining traction as a solution for efficient heat dissipation in AI computing facilities, with the global market expected to reach $2.84 billion in 2025 [10][11] - Six leading liquid cooling stocks have shown an average increase of 88.09% this year [11] - Companies like Yingweike and Yinlun reported strong revenue and profit growth in the first three quarters of 2025 [12] Humanoid Robots - The humanoid robot market is expanding rapidly, with significant advancements from both domestic and international companies [14] - The global humanoid robot market size forecast has been raised from $3 trillion to $5 trillion by 2035 [15] - Leading firms such as Wolong Electric and Zhejiang Rongtai have reported notable revenue and profit growth in 2025 [15][16] Controllable Nuclear Fusion - Controllable nuclear fusion is becoming a strategic focus for major countries, with significant growth expected in the sector [17] - The market for controllable nuclear fusion is projected to see an average increase of 80.17% among leading stocks this year [17] - Companies like Shanghai Electric and Jintian Co. reported strong performance in the first three quarters of 2025 [18]

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The focus is on controlled nuclear fusion, which utilizes fuel derived from seawater, making it a virtually limitless and low-carbon energy source. The primary byproducts are neutrons and helium, with no carbon emissions and high safety standards. The energy density is extremely high, with a million-kilowatt power station consuming only 150 kilograms of fuel annually [1][7]. Core Insights and Arguments - **Research and Development**: The global research on controlled nuclear fusion primarily revolves around thermonuclear fusion, which includes inertial confinement, magnetic confinement, and magnetic inertial confinement. Various reactor types, such as tokamaks and stellarators, are actively being explored, with commercialization expected around 2035. The U.S. has released a related technology roadmap [1][6]. - **Investment Trends**: There has been a significant increase in investment in the nuclear fusion sector, with private capital pouring in. Approximately 60 to 70 private fusion companies globally have attracted over $10 billion in total investment, with $4 to $5 billion expected in 2025 alone. In China, several companies have been established, with state-owned enterprises leading the way, such as the establishment of Jiu Bian Energy with a registered capital of 15 billion yuan [1][6][8]. - **Safety and Efficiency**: Controlled nuclear fusion is considered a safer alternative to traditional nuclear power plants, as the fusion reaction can be halted at any time, preventing continuous heat generation. The energy density is also highlighted, where a million-kilowatt power station can supply energy to one million households with just 0.5 kilograms of fuel daily [7][8]. - **Artificial Intelligence Integration**: There is a close relationship between nuclear fusion and artificial intelligence. Fusion can provide the necessary power for AI, while AI can be utilized to control plasma in fusion reactions. NVIDIA's CEO has mentioned using AI for digital simulations of controlled nuclear fusion [9]. Additional Important Content - **Neutron Applications**: Neutrons have various applications in nuclear technology, including sustaining fission reactions, detecting materials, burning nuclear waste, producing rare isotopes, and cancer treatment. The nuclear technology application industry in China (excluding traditional nuclear energy) is nearing a scale of 1 trillion yuan [10][11]. - **Clinical Applications**: The Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a notable innovation in cancer treatment, utilizing neutrons to precisely target and kill cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. Clinical trials are ongoing, with facilities established in Shandong University and Anqing, expected to treat around 2,000 patients annually [13][14]. - **Market Dynamics**: The nuclear fusion industry chain encompasses various industrial sectors, including magnets, power supplies, control systems, diagnostic measurements, materials, and radiation protection. Significant investments have been attracted in these areas, particularly in high-temperature superconductors and diagnostic equipment, which are crucial for the development of the fusion industry chain [19]. - **Global Supply Chain**: The U.S. has restricted the export of neutron source systems and related software since 2019. However, China has made significant advancements in neutron technology, achieving self-sufficiency in certain areas while still relying on imports for larger proton source accelerators, which are expected to be developed domestically in the coming years [18]. - **Future Projections**: The widespread expectation for achieving fusion power is around 10 years, with some optimistic estimates suggesting it could be realized by 2030. Current applications of fusion technology are already being explored in fields like oil logging and imaging detection, with significant progress anticipated in the next five years [16][17].

Core Insights - The exclusion of new energy vehicles (NEVs) from the "14th Five-Year Plan" strategic emerging industries list indicates a shift in focus towards other technologies such as quantum technology, biomanufacturing, hydrogen energy, and controllable nuclear fusion, reflecting new trends in industrial development [1][3][6] Industry Challenges - The NEV industry is currently facing significant challenges, including overcapacity, with utilization rates dropping below 40% in 2024, leading to substantial resource waste [1] - The average annual sales for 60% of car manufacturers are below 10,000 units, highlighting a severe imbalance in supply and demand [1] - The automotive industry's revenue is projected to grow by 4% to 10.6 trillion yuan in 2024, but profits are expected to decline by 8% to 462.3 billion yuan, resulting in a profit margin of only 4.3%, which is below the average of 6% for downstream industrial enterprises [2] Market Dynamics - Intense price competition has emerged in the domestic NEV market, with major manufacturers like Tesla and Geely reducing prices by 10%-15% to maintain market share, which has pressured profit margins [2] - The shift in focus from NEVs to broader new energy sectors, such as hydrogen energy and controllable nuclear fusion, suggests a diversification of the new energy industry [3][6] Strategic Directions - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the importance of collaboration and integration across industries, with opportunities for NEVs to merge with low-altitude economy sectors, such as flying cars [4] - Companies are encouraged to innovate their business models and enhance resource integration capabilities, particularly through overseas investments and partnerships in emerging markets [5] Future Outlook - The strategic adjustment towards a more diversified and collaborative industrial landscape is expected to drive the overall competitiveness and added value of the industry [4][6]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Buy" rating for the controlled nuclear fusion industry, highlighting its potential for significant growth and investment opportunities [4]. Core Insights - The controlled nuclear fusion industry is entering a capital expenditure expansion phase, driven by the strategic value of fusion energy and increased financing activity [1][2][11]. - The global fusion energy sector has seen a substantial increase in financing, with a total of $9.7 billion raised by July 2025, indicating strong investor interest [1][50]. - The industry is characterized by diverse technological pathways, with a focus on magnetic confinement fusion and inertial confinement fusion, reflecting a competitive landscape among major economies [24][57]. Summary by Sections Section 1: Global Trends and Strategic Value - Fusion energy is positioned as a key solution to long-term energy supply challenges, with its high energy density and safety profile making it a viable alternative to fossil fuels and renewable energy sources [21][23]. - The demand for clean energy is expected to grow significantly, with projections indicating that clean energy sources will dominate by 2050, creating opportunities for fusion energy [21][27]. Section 2: Domestic Developments - China is transitioning from a participant in the ITER project to a leader in the fusion industry, with significant investments exceeding 150 billion yuan in planned or ongoing projects [2][24]. - The domestic fusion industry is expected to enter a construction phase for experimental reactors around 2027, further expanding investment and project scale [2][11]. Section 3: High-Value Components Analysis - Key components such as magnet systems, vacuum chambers, and power systems are expected to benefit significantly from increased capital expenditures, with their cost contributions being 28%, 25%, and 15% respectively [3][11]. - The report emphasizes the importance of high-temperature superconductors in magnet systems, which are anticipated to see widespread application [3][11]. Section 4: Key Companies and Investment Recommendations - The report recommends several companies that are well-positioned to benefit from the industry's growth, including: - 合锻智能 (HGD Intelligent) - Positioned in the vacuum chamber segment with potential for increased value [12]. - 应流股份 (Yingliu Co.) - Benefiting from a strong order book and deep reserves in fusion and aerospace sectors [12]. - 冰轮环境 (Ice Wheel Environment) - Expected to see growth from rising demand for temperature control equipment in data centers [12]. - 王子新材 (Wangzi New Materials) - Anticipated breakthroughs in fusion applications for its film capacitor products [12]. - 派克新材 (Parker New Materials) - A key supplier of precision forged components for high-value fusion applications [12]. Section 5: Market Dynamics and Future Outlook - The report highlights the increasing competition in the fusion sector, with major economies investing heavily in domestic fusion projects while also participating in international collaborations like ITER [24][26]. - The expected timeline for commercial fusion energy is set around 2035, with a significant number of companies anticipating operational demonstration plants by then [61].

Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Overweight" rating for the nuclear fusion industry, indicating a positive outlook for investment opportunities in this sector [6]. Core Insights - Nuclear fusion is expected to become the ultimate energy source, with accelerated industrial progress driven by policy, capital support, and advancements in AI technology [1][6]. - The industry is optimistic about the feasibility of nuclear fusion power generation, with approximately 84% of surveyed companies believing it can be achieved by 2040 [1]. - Various technical routes for nuclear fusion are being explored, with the Tokamak being the most mature and widely applied technology [2][6]. Summary by Sections 1. Nuclear Fusion as the Ultimate Energy Source - Nuclear fusion combines light atomic nuclei under high temperature and pressure to release significant energy, offering high energy density and safety advantages [1][18]. - The industry is optimistic about the engineering feasibility of nuclear fusion, with AI developments accelerating the commercialization process [30][36]. - Current challenges include energy balance, material performance, and tritium self-sustainability, which are being addressed through increased industrial efforts [41][42]. 2. Diverse Technical Routes for Nuclear Fusion - Nuclear fusion can be categorized into gravitational, magnetic, and inertial confinement, with magnetic confinement being the most viable option [46]. - The Tokamak technology is highlighted as the most mature and widely used, with significant advancements in plasma stability and engineering feasibility [55]. 3. Cost Structure of Tokamak Components - Major cost components of Tokamak include magnets, vacuum chambers, and other supporting systems, with superconducting magnets being a key focus for enhancing plasma confinement [3][4]. - The report emphasizes the importance of high-temperature superconducting materials in improving fusion reaction rates and reducing cooling costs [3]. 4. Global Support for Nuclear Fusion Industry - Governments and capital markets worldwide are increasingly investing in nuclear fusion, with several demonstration projects planned for construction between 2035 and 2040 [36]. - Key companies to watch include those involved in superconducting magnets, vacuum chambers, and other critical components, such as Western Superconducting Technologies and Shanghai Electric [4]. 5. Related Companies - The report suggests monitoring companies like Western Superconducting Technologies, Lianchuang Optoelectronics, and others involved in various aspects of the nuclear fusion supply chain [4].

Core Insights - Controlled nuclear fusion, often referred to as "artificial sun," is approaching commercialization as a clean energy solution, with significant advancements in technology and capital investment [1][2] - The ITER project is a key international initiative in nuclear fusion research, with experts emphasizing its potential to address energy and carbon emission challenges [1] - China is focusing on compact magnetic confinement fusion using high-temperature superconducting materials, aiming to accelerate the development of fusion engineering experimental reactors [2] Group 1: Technology and Development - The main raw materials for fusion energy are isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium, which produce helium as a byproduct, posing no radioactive pollution [1] - The primary technical routes for achieving controlled nuclear fusion include magnetic confinement, inertial confinement, and magnetic inertial confinement, with the "tokamak" being the mainstream device for magnetic confinement [1] - China has achieved significant milestones in fusion research, including the "Chinese Circulation No. 3" experimental device reaching temperatures of 117 million degrees Celsius for atomic nuclei and 160 million degrees Celsius for electrons [2] Group 2: Challenges and Collaborations - China Fusion Company faces three main scientific and technical challenges: stable self-sustaining operation of burning plasma, high-energy neutron bombardment and high-heat-load materials, and tritium breeding and self-sustaining cycles [3] - The company is collaborating with various institutions, including Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Shanghai Electric Group, to form a fusion innovation consortium to tackle these challenges [3] - Shanghai's government is committed to supporting the establishment of a fusion energy innovation alliance to facilitate the transition from laboratory research to engineering and commercialization [3]