■本报记者 李美丽 近日，工业和信息化部2025年全国中小企业服务月重点活动——第七届数字普惠金融大会在北京举行。 本次大会以"数智新动能，普惠新未来"为主题，总结、探讨我国金融业如何利用数字化、智能化技术创 新与转型发展机遇，扎实做好普惠金融大文章，全力促进中小企业和实体经济高质量发展。 中国人民银行原副行长李东荣表示，未来推动数字普惠金融高质量发展，一是要不断深化普惠金融在金 融改革发展中重要性的认识；二是要继续加大技术手段的应用，深入推进普惠金融数字化和智能化；三 是要不断优化和丰富数字普惠金融产品的供给，提升数字普惠金融能力和自身竞争力；四是要加大对新 型从业者、特定人群等人员的关爱，不断提高普惠金融的精准度和便利化。 十三届全国政协委员，原中国保监会党委副书记、副主席周延礼就数智金融赋能实体经济战略分享了自 己的思考。他表示，要用好数字科技来推动普惠金融高质量发展，一要增加金融供给，缓解融资约束； 二要优化金融资源配置，促进产业结构升级；三要推动金融机构提升创新能力，激发创新活力；四要扩 大消费需求，拉动产业发展；五要助力中小微企业的数字化转型。 中国通信学会金融科技专家委员会主任、"科创中国"金融 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the complexity of understanding bank profitability, highlighting that traditional metrics like interest margin, cost of expenses, and asset impairment losses do not provide a complete picture of a bank's true earning capacity [4][20][22]. Group 1: Understanding Bank Profitability - The profitability of banks cannot be solely determined by analyzing interest margins and impairment losses, as these metrics do not allow for effective peer comparison [4][22]. - For example, Bank A with a 2.5% interest margin and Bank B with a 2% interest margin can both achieve the same net profit of 1%, indicating that higher interest margins do not necessarily equate to better profitability [5][6][7]. - The article discusses the importance of understanding the underlying business model and risk management strategies of banks, particularly in the context of small and micro loans [14][18][19]. Group 2: Risk and Business Models - The article presents a case where high-interest loans can be associated with low risk, particularly in regions with strong micro-enterprise demand, suggesting that local knowledge can mitigate risks [11][13]. - It argues that small banks are better positioned to manage small and micro loans due to their flexibility and closer ties to local businesses [18][19]. - The discussion includes the notion that a bank's risk profile cannot be judged solely on its loan portfolio size or interest margins; rather, it requires a deeper analysis of the specific business practices and regional economic conditions [60][66]. Group 3: Financial Metrics and Valuation - The article introduces the concept of Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) as critical metrics for evaluating bank performance, with ROA being influenced by interest margin, cost of expenses, and impairment losses [25][31][48]. - A comparison of two banks, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) and Hangzhou Bank, reveals that despite ICBC having a larger asset base, Hangzhou Bank demonstrates a higher ROA and ROE due to its effective use of leverage [34][48][55]. - The article concludes that Hangzhou Bank's higher valuation should be reflected in its price-to-book (PB) ratio compared to ICBC, suggesting that current market valuations may not accurately represent the banks' underlying performance [76][78].

Group 1: Core Insights - Shanghai is tasked with building an international technology innovation center, focusing on five key areas: economy, finance, trade, shipping, and technology innovation [1] - In 2024, Shanghai's GDP is projected to grow by 5%, with the city's economic scale exceeding 5 trillion yuan, marking a new phase in global city rankings [2] - The total financial market transaction volume in Shanghai reached 36.5 trillion yuan, maintaining a leading position among global cities [2] Group 2: Financial Support for Innovation - Postal Savings Bank approved a 400 million yuan fixed asset loan for the Zhangjiang AI industry innovation platform project, with a 15-year term, to support the construction of high-quality R&D buildings [2] - The bank emphasizes a diversified approach to financial services, integrating equity, debt, and loans to meet the needs of technology innovation enterprises [3] - The bank collaborates with various institutions to build a technology finance ecosystem, focusing on strategic emerging industries [3] Group 3: Technological Breakthroughs - Shanghai's technology contract transaction volume reached 520.07 billion yuan, growing by 7.2%, reflecting breakthroughs in innovation capabilities [4] - The number of high-tech enterprises in Shanghai has reached 25,000, indicating a robust growth in the technology sector [4] Group 4: Financial Contributions to Economic Development - Postal Savings Bank has provided nearly 400 million yuan in loans to Shanghai Lingang Technology Entrepreneurship Center, facilitating the rapid implementation of the "Lingang Sci-Tech 2.0 Project" [5] - The bank has also issued a total credit of 1.45 billion yuan to Shanghai Waigaoqiao Senju Real Estate Co., with nearly 600 million yuan disbursed, supporting infrastructure development in Pudong New Area [8] - The bank's efforts have significantly contributed to the development of the local economy and improved urban quality in the region [8] Group 5: Future Directions - The financial institutions, represented by Postal Savings Bank, are committed to supporting the dual empowerment of financial and technological innovation, promoting a virtuous cycle of "technology-industry-finance" [9] - Shanghai aims to leverage its open and inclusive environment to lead in the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, particularly in artificial intelligence [9]

在政策引导激励方面，中国人民银行发挥"指挥棒"作用，将普惠小微贷款支持工具的支持范围由单户授 信不超过1000万元放宽到2000万元，适当增加支农支小再贷款、再贴现额度。这些措施有效降低了金融 机构的资金成本，进而推动小微企业融资利率下行。 初夏时节，四川成都郫都区的豆瓣香气弥漫在空气中。作为有着数百年历史的传统产业，豆瓣产业如今 正焕发着新的生机。在兴业银行成都分行"郫县豆瓣"行业集群专案的支持下，当地豆瓣企业从此前的融 资困境中走了出来，专注于生产发展。 "这笔贷款不仅解决了我们的资金难题，更让传统产业走向了更广阔的市场。"一家当地企业负责人感慨 道。原先，企业生产周期较长，资金占用较多，固定资产少，土地多为租用且价值不高，合格抵押物不 多，存在融资难问题，兴业银行针对豆瓣行业固定资产少、资金需求大的特点，创新推出多元担保方 式，将贷款期限延长至3年，并实施严格的存续期风险管理，为这类特色产业中小微企业量身定制了金 融解决专案。 这碗飘着浓香的豆瓣，是川菜的"灵魂"，上述企业更是中国千千万万中小微企业的缩影。他们扎根于地 方特色产业，传承着传统技艺，同时又渴望在新时代实现创新发展。 6月27日这个特殊的日 ...

| 响,5月新增贷款同比少增,但这不代表银行对实体经济信贷支持力度弱化;在政府债券大规模发行推动 | | --- | | 下，5月新增社融连续第6个月同比多增,表明当前金融对实体经济支持力度在持续加大,是今年货币政 | | 策基调转向适度宽松、加紧实施更加积极有为宏观政策的具体体现。 | | 我们判断,未来外部环境仍然复杂严峻,扩冈需政策不会松劲。这意味着接下来金融支持实怀经济的 | | 力度会进一步强化。预计 6月新增社融有望持续同比多增,存量社融和 M2 增速也将加快。在国内物价水 | | 平偏低的背景下，着眼于有效提振内需，缓解外部波动对宏观经济的冲击，预计下半年央行会继续实施降 | | 息降准,货币政策在"适度宽松"方向有充足空间,全年新增信贷、新增社融都有望恢复一定规模的同比 | | 多增。 | 具体来看: 一、5月人民币贷款同比少增,主要与地方债务置换影响仍在持续,以及关税政策不确定性仍然较大, 对市场信心有一定影响等因素有关。另外，5月企业债券融资同比放量，可能会对贷款产生一定的替代效 应。 乐万金城国际信用评估有限公司 东方金诚宏观研究 5 月隐债置换继续下拉新增贷款数据，稳增长发力带动新增社 ...

2025.06. 13 本文字数：2677，阅读时长大约5分钟 作者 | 第一财 经 杜川 业内专家分析，近段时间，债券对贷款的替代作用比较明显，受到了多方面因素的影响。其中一个原 因是，发行特殊再融资债用于偿还银行贷款，还原相关影响后贷款增速仍在8%左右。 6月13日，央行发布最新金融数据显示，广义货币供应（M2）增速保持基本稳定，社会融资规模增 速保持较高水平。 具体而言，5月末，社会融资规模存量为426.16万亿元，同比增长8.7%，比上年同期高0.3个百分 点；5月份，社会融资规模增量为2.29万亿元，同比多增2247亿元；M2同比增长7.9%，狭义货币 （M1）同比增长2.3%，人民币贷款余额同比增长7.1%，还原地方债务置换影响后仍保持在8%左 右。 5月7日，人民银行发布了一揽子金融支持措施，包括降准降息、优化并创设结构性货币政策工具 等，力度非常大，各项政策已逐步有效落地。 市场权威专家表示，人民银行还将综合运用多种货币政策工具，保持流动性合理充裕。从历史规律 看，6月经济活动通常比较活跃，融资需求相应也会增多。预计下阶段金融总量增长有望保持平稳。 政府债券拉动社融规模较快增长 5月，社会融资 ...

人民币贷款余额同比增长7.1%，还原地方债务置换影响后仍保持在8%左右。 6月13日，央行发布最新金融数据显示，广义货币供应（M2）增速保持基本稳定，社会融资规模增速保 持较高水平。 具体而言，5月末，社会融资规模存量为426.16万亿元，同比增长8.7%，比上年同期高0.3个百分点；5 月份，社会融资规模增量为2.29万亿元，同比多增2247亿元；M2同比增长7.9%，狭义货币（M1）同比 增长2.3%，人民币贷款余额同比增长7.1%，还原地方债务置换影响后仍保持在8%左右。 5月7日，人民银行发布了一揽子金融支持措施，包括降准降息、优化并创设结构性货币政策工具等，力 度非常大，各项政策已逐步有效落地。 市场权威专家表示，人民银行还将综合运用多种货币政策工具，保持流动性合理充裕。从历史规律看， 6月经济活动通常比较活跃，融资需求相应也会增多。预计下阶段金融总量增长有望保持平稳。 政府债券拉动社融规模较快增长 5月，社会融资规模增量为2.29万亿元，同比多增2247亿元，主要是受到政府债券和企业债券等直接融 资的拉动。1～5月，社会融资规模增量为18.63万亿元，同比多增3.83万亿元。 政府债券是拉动社会融 ...

券商中国记者注意到，在分项中，今年一季度的中长期贷款同比增速不仅降至个位数（8.7%），更是近5年来 首次低于短期贷款及票据融资的同比增速（9.3%）。 近日，央行公布了2025年一季度金融机构贷款投向统计报告。今年一季度末，金融机构人民币各项贷款余 额265.41万亿元，同比增长7.4%，较2024年同期增速又收窄了2.2个百分点。 虽然一季度是银行等金融机构信贷投放大季，但上述同比增速自2024年已降至10%，一方面反映了金融机构的 信贷投放更注重全年均衡投放，另一方面也显示企业融资需求有待提升。 （数据来源：央行） 短期贷款冲量特征仍明显 梳理历史数据可以发现，银行为给年初的传统信贷投放腾挪出更大空间，往往会压缩当期票据贴现余额。 按此规律，一般以票据贴现和短融为代表的短期贷款余额和中长期贷款余额的同比增速会展现出反向呼应的关 系，且前者要低于后者的增速。 券商中国记者注意到，票据贴现规模站上万亿元的工商银行、建设银行和农业银行在过去一年里大量进行票据 贴现，今年一季度末的票据贴现余额分别为1.95万亿元、1.47万亿元、1.25万亿元，同比增速分别高达 80.38%、94.96%以及109.97%，远 ...

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the commercial banking sector is "Outperform the Market" (maintained) [1] Core Insights - A new round of deposit rate declines is creating multidimensional impacts on commercial banks' asset-liability management, forcing a transformation in their strategies [3] - On the liability side, the decrease in deposit costs alleviates interest payment pressures, but the low-interest environment intensifies deposit diversion risks, pushing banks to enhance wealth management capabilities [3] - On the asset side, banks face dual challenges of yield compression and structural adjustments, necessitating a shift towards higher-yield retail assets like consumer loans and small business loans [3] - The complexity of interest rate risk management is increasing, requiring banks to utilize derivatives for hedging and optimize duration matching through dynamic gap management [3] - The operational stratification among commercial banks is increasing, with large banks leveraging their national networks and low-cost funding to support large-scale lending, while smaller banks are constrained by regional operations and high deposit costs [3] - The era of multidimensional asset-liability management for commercial banks has arrived, necessitating a shift towards "lightweight" operations and the expansion of non-interest income sources [3] Summary by Sections 1. Framework Objectives: Matching Assets and Liabilities - The goal of asset-liability management is to balance risk and return, maximizing risk-adjusted returns while considering profitability, liquidity, and safety [7][8] 2. Constraint Tools: Optimization Under Multiple Conditions - Asset-liability management involves managing the asset-liability portfolio, liquidity, interest rate risk, and capital management [7][8] 3. System Application: Perception of Liquidity Tightness - Liquidity management indicators include LCR, NSFR, liquidity ratios, and the adequacy of high-quality liquid assets [109][110] 4. Differentiated Characteristics of Different Institutions - Different types of banks exhibit varying asset structures and investment strategies, with large banks focusing on government bonds and large corporate loans, while smaller banks may have a more diversified approach [30][34]

报 告 正 文 央行推进的货币政策改革已近一年，除了货币政策调控机制不断向"价格型"转变以外，结构性货币政策工具的使用也趋于频繁。那么，货币政策框架如何创新？结 构性工具的实际使用情况如何？改革之下市场利率有哪些变化？ 核 心 观 点 央行推进的货币政策改革已近一年，除了货币政策调控机制不断向"价格型"转变以外，结构性货币政策工具的使用也趋于频繁。那么，货币政策框架如何创 新？结构性工具的实际使用情况如何？改革之下市场利率有哪些变化？ 货币政策新框架，有哪些变化？ 到目前为止，央行基本形成了质押式逆回购投放短期流动性、买断式逆回购投放中短期流动性以及MLF、存款准备金率和二 级市场买国债来投放中长期流动性的流动性供给期限结构。从货币政策目标的角度来看， 一方面 ，央行每日调节短期流动性的量价来调控资金利率，这是操 作目标的实现，集中在狭义流动性层面； 另一方面 ，央行通过实现操作目标，间接影响广义流动性层面的中介目标，不过目前从政策利率传导至实体融资成 本效率降低，是价格型调控机制的主要障碍。 结构性工具，使用现状如何？ 货币机制传导不畅主要在于政策利率下降也难激发内生融资需求，资金无法转化为实体的投资和消费 ...