解码原奶周期时钟，2025 年有望迎来奶牧共振 20250809 摘要 青少年人口下降和原奶价格下跌导致乳制品需求和价格承压，城乡及区 域消费差异显著，但下沉市场和新消费场景有望驱动增长。 原奶成本占比高且产品同质化，使其成为乳制品产业链核心环节，原奶 价格波动直接影响终端产品价格和企业盈利。 原奶周期受奶牛生长周期、牧场盈亏、饲料成本、政策补贴等多重因素 影响，需关注牧场亏损对牛群淘汰的影响。 需求端升级和结构性爆发是奶价上涨的关键，供需短缺催化快速上涨， 供给增加导致加速下行，需关注需求端变化对供给侧的影响。 奶价下行期间，牧场产能去化缓慢，规模牧场短期内不会轻易退出，全 社会报表端已出现亏损，但现金流尚未亏损，投资回报不佳。 国内原奶价格倒挂导致进口奶粉占比下降，预计奶牛存栏量下降和生育 补贴有望带动消费，促使奶价进入长周期企稳状态。 牧业股价弹性大于乳制品行业，奶价企稳或上涨对牧业损益表有积极影 响。乳制品行业盈利改善需关注原奶止跌企稳，以及头部企业的盈利能 力。 Q&A 中国乳制品行业在过去十年的量价变化趋势如何？ 如何理解需求端在推动原料周期中的作用？ 国内乳制品消费存在城乡之间、高线市场与下沉市 ...

Summary of the Conference Call for New Dairy Industry Company Overview - New Dairy Industry has demonstrated strong performance in the low-temperature yogurt and fresh milk markets during the challenging period of the dairy industry from 2021 to 2024, particularly through effective cold chain management and channel innovation [2][3] Key Industry Insights - The low-temperature dairy product market has greater growth potential compared to the ambient temperature market, with low-temperature yogurt CR2 at only 36% and fresh milk market leaders having room for market share growth, while ambient yogurt CR2 has reached 83% [2][4] - The overall dairy industry is facing challenges, but New Dairy Industry's revenue compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is projected to exceed 3% and profit CAGR to reach 22% for 2023-2024, significantly outperforming leading companies like Yili and Mengniu [2][9] Strategic Initiatives - New Dairy Industry has focused on internal growth and aims to increase its net profit margin from approximately 3% in 2023 to about 7% by the end of 2027, indicating confidence in future profitability [2][6] - The company has successfully expanded through acquisitions, notably of Xiajin Dairy and Vipshop, which led to significant revenue and profit growth, although a failed acquisition of a yogurt company resulted in a loss [2][5] Financial Performance - The company has achieved a notable increase in revenue and profitability, driven by a strong focus on low-temperature products, new product launches, and the development of the DOC (Direct-to-Consumer) channel [2][10] - Cost reductions, structural optimization, and expense management have contributed to improved profitability, with net profit margins increasing by 0.3% and 1.12% over the past two years [2][14] Future Outlook - New Dairy Industry plans to maintain a focus on low-temperature products, with expectations of double-digit growth in this segment over the next three years, while ambient products are anticipated to recover alongside industry growth [2][17] - The company aims to reduce its asset-liability ratio by 10 percentage points by 2027, which will further decrease expenses and improve financial stability [2][16] Challenges and Risks - Despite strong management and innovation capabilities, New Dairy Industry faces challenges such as a poor overall consumption environment and the need to optimize internal management to achieve its profit margin goals [2][7][8] Conclusion - New Dairy Industry is positioned as a leading player in the low-temperature dairy market, with a clear strategy for growth and profitability, despite the broader challenges in the dairy industry [2][18]

Group 1 - The dairy market is segmented into various categories including adult milk powder, pure milk, yogurt, and ice cream, among others, totaling 10 primary categories and 16 subcategories [2][3] - In Q2 2025, the market share of ambient pure milk decreased to approximately 36.97%, while ice cream gained a market share of about 27.03% [7][8] - Low-temperature yogurt showed significant growth, achieving a market share of 15.72%, with a year-on-year increase of 1.73% [5][7] Group 2 - The overall dairy market is experiencing a structural upgrade, driven by rising consumer health awareness and the increasing coverage of low-temperature cold chains [5][8] - The market share of low-temperature pure milk and yogurt is growing faster than that of ambient products, indicating a shift in consumer preferences [5][8] - The price index for dairy products shows a mild recovery, although it remains below the baseline of 100, indicating ongoing pricing pressures [11][12] Group 3 - The top five SKUs in the ambient pure milk category are dominated by major brands like Yili and Mengniu, with a combined market share of 87.57% [30][36] - In the low-temperature yogurt segment, the CR5 market share is 66.99%, with major players including Junlebao and Mengniu [38][46] - The ice cream category has a CR5 market share of 58.74%, with Yili leading at 34.33% [62][68] Group 4 - The SKU count for ice cream is the highest among dairy categories, indicating a vibrant product iteration and market activity [16][24] - The average price of low-temperature pure milk has shown fluctuations, with a notable increase in Q1 2025 followed by a slight decrease in Q2 2025 [59][60] - The non-combination products in the low-temperature pure milk category show diverse consumer preferences, with a range of packaging sizes and price points [60][61]

Core Viewpoint - Consumer demand in the food and beverage sector is stabilizing at a low level, with structural highlights emerging despite overall weak consumer confidence. The sector is expected to improve marginally in the second half of 2025 due to government policies aimed at boosting domestic demand and consumption [1][4]. Group 1: Food and Beverage Sector Overview - The food and beverage sector is anticipated to see a marginal improvement in demand in the second half of 2025, driven by government policies to stimulate consumption and encourage childbirth [1]. - The mass food segment has shown signs of improvement since March 2025, with expectations for continued growth in new consumption trends such as spicy snacks, healthy beverages, and sparkling yellow wine [1][4]. - The liquor sector, particularly baijiu, is experiencing a valuation correction due to macroeconomic factors and policy impacts, with the fundamentals currently at a bottoming stage [1][4]. Group 2: Mass Food Segment - The mass food sector is expected to see stable demand growth, with high-growth sub-sectors like leisure snacks and soft drinks maintaining innovation and high market activity [4][7]. - The leisure snack market is witnessing a shift towards health-oriented and flavorful products, with ingredients like konjac and high-protein snacks gaining popularity [11][17]. - The soft drink sector is experiencing robust growth, particularly in health-related subcategories, with innovations in products like sugar-free tea and electrolyte water [19][27]. Group 3: Channel Trends - The snack retail channel is expanding, with significant growth in discount supermarkets and membership-based stores, indicating a shift in consumer purchasing behavior [8][9]. - E-commerce channels, including short video platforms and community group buying, continue to grow, with notable sales increases during shopping festivals [9][19]. - Traditional supermarkets are undergoing transformations to adapt to changing consumer preferences, with a focus on enhancing product offerings and store formats [9][10]. Group 4: Liquor Sector - The liquor industry is facing a downturn, with demand expected to remain under pressure in the second half of 2025, although leading brands are focusing on long-term value creation [4][52]. - The impact of government regulations on consumption patterns is being monitored, with expectations for gradual recovery in consumer demand for baijiu [53][55]. - The pricing dynamics of leading brands like Moutai are stabilizing after significant fluctuations, indicating a potential for recovery in the market [55][57]. Group 5: Dairy Products - The dairy sector is experiencing a mixed recovery, with some categories like liquid milk and cheese showing signs of improvement, while overall demand remains weak [30][31]. - The cost of raw milk has decreased, which is expected to benefit dairy companies' profit margins in 2025 [31][37]. - Long-term growth opportunities exist in emerging dairy categories and international markets, as companies expand their product lines and distribution channels [46][47]. Group 6: Frozen Foods and Condiments - The frozen food sector is expected to see revenue growth in the second half of 2025 as companies shift focus to consumer channels amid weak restaurant demand [49][50]. - The condiment industry is facing pressure from external demand but is benefiting from lower raw material costs, which may enhance profit margins [51]. - Companies are actively pursuing innovation and market expansion to adapt to changing consumer preferences and competitive pressures [51].

Group 1 - The article reviews the dairy market for Q1 2025, comparing it to Q1 2024 and Q4 2024, using data from the "马上赢" brand CT, which covers over 30,000 brands and more than 14 million product barcodes across major cities in China [1][2] - The dairy product categories include adult milk powder, pure milk, yogurt, cheese, and others, totaling ten third-level categories and 16 fourth-level categories [2][3] Group 2 - In Q1 2025, the market share of ambient pure milk remains dominant at approximately 51.61%, while low-temperature yogurt and ambient yogurt hold 14.27% and 12.47% respectively [5][6] - Low-temperature yogurt's market share increased by over 1% year-on-year, while ambient pure milk, ambient yogurt, and cheese experienced declines in both market share and sales [5][6] Group 3 - The analysis of key categories shows that ambient pure milk, low-temperature yogurt, and ambient yogurt account for over 91% of the dairy market share [6][7] - The sales performance of ambient pure milk and ambient yogurt has been particularly challenging, with sales down by over 13% year-on-year [7][8] Group 4 - The price index for dairy products indicates ongoing price pressure, with most categories remaining below the baseline of 100, suggesting a decline compared to the previous year [10][11] - The price index for ambient pure milk has been consistently lower than the overall dairy category, while low-temperature yogurt has shown more stability in its price index [10][11] Group 5 - The SKU analysis reveals that low-temperature yogurt has the highest number of SKUs, indicating active product innovation, while ambient pure milk has a high number of discontinued SKUs [13][15] - The average price trends for various categories show a mix of stability and decline, with many products experiencing price pressure [15][19] Group 6 - The CR5 market share for ambient pure milk is 88.28%, indicating a high concentration of market power among leading brands, although some brands have seen a decline in market share [22][24] - The adult milk powder category has a CR5 market share of 77.75%, with a notable presence of brands like Yili and Nestlé [45][46] Group 7 - The cheese category has a CR5 market share of 81.01%, with major players like Miaokelan and Yili showing growth in market share [52][54] - The average price and specifications for cheese products have shown a slight recovery in Q1 2025, although they remain lower than in Q1 2024 [53][54]

Core Insights - Yili Group reported a net profit of 11.539 billion yuan for 2024, marking a 12.2% increase, with strong performance in both operational scale and quality [1] - In Q1 2025, total revenue reached 33.018 billion yuan, a year-on-year growth of 1.35%, while the net profit attributable to shareholders increased by 24.19% to 4.629 billion yuan [1] Financial Performance - The overall gross margin for Yili improved by 131 basis points to 34.03% in 2024, indicating enhanced profitability [3] - The net cash flow from operations reached 21.740 billion yuan, up 18.86% year-on-year, while management expense ratio decreased by 23 basis points to 3.86% [3] - In Q1 2025, the sales expense ratio was 16.9%, down 152 basis points, reflecting significant cost reduction and efficiency improvements [3] Business Segments - Yili's liquid milk business generated revenue of 75.003 billion yuan in 2024, maintaining the largest market share in the ambient white milk segment and increasing market share in ambient yogurt and low-temperature yogurt by 1.4 and 1.3 percentage points, respectively [3] - The high-end low-temperature white milk segment saw a 30% year-on-year revenue growth, while the ice cream business achieved revenue of 8.721 billion yuan [3] - The milk powder and dairy products segment, identified as a second growth driver, reported revenue of 29.675 billion yuan, a 7.53% increase year-on-year [3] International Expansion - Yili's overseas ice cream business revenue grew by 13% in 2024, and infant formula business surged by 68%, with the Joyday ice cream brand exporting to 16 countries following the launch of the production base in Indonesia [3] Strategic Outlook - For 2025, Yili aims to achieve revenue of 119 billion yuan and a total profit of 12.6 billion yuan, representing year-on-year growth of 2.8% and 24.4%, respectively [4] - The company is strategically focusing on functional nutrition and deep processing of dairy products, addressing specific consumer needs such as sugar control and immune enhancement [4] - With the anticipated growth in the milk powder business and advancements in functional product offerings and dairy processing technologies, Yili is positioned to strengthen its competitive edge in the global dairy industry [4]

Core Viewpoint - The demand for pasteurized milk in China is declining due to macroeconomic slowdown and consumer confidence issues, with projected consumption dropping to 1.7818 million tons and market size to 35.889 billion yuan in 2024 [1][8]. Overview - Pasteurized milk, also known as pasteurized milk or fresh milk, is produced from raw cow (or sheep) milk through pasteurization, retaining its nutritional value and natural flavor, making it popular among consumers [2]. - It requires refrigeration at around 4°C and has a short shelf life of 2-7 days. It can be categorized into whole, low-fat, and skimmed pasteurized milk based on fat content, and pure or flavored based on added ingredients [2]. Industry Policies - A series of policies have been implemented to support the dairy industry in China, including the "14th Five-Year Plan" for enhancing dairy competitiveness and various initiatives aimed at rural revitalization and high-quality development of the dairy sector [4][5]. Industry Chain - The upstream of the pasteurized milk industry includes milk sources (dairy cattle and sheep farming), production equipment, and packaging materials, while the downstream encompasses sales channels such as supermarkets, convenience stores, and e-commerce platforms [6][7]. Competitive Landscape - The market concentration of the pasteurized milk industry in China has increased, with leading companies like Bright Dairy, Mengniu Dairy, and New Hope Dairy holding over 70% of the market share. Bright Dairy has the largest share at 18.5%, followed by Mengniu Dairy at 12.6% [10]. - Bright Dairy's revenue for the first half of 2024 reached 12.71 billion yuan, with liquid milk accounting for 61.16% of sales [12]. - Mengniu Dairy reported a revenue of 44.67 billion yuan in the first half of 2024, with a gross profit of 17.98 billion yuan and a gross margin of 40.26% [14]. Development Trends - The competition in the pasteurized milk market is expected to intensify, leading companies to focus on product differentiation. Brands will likely introduce unique products such as functional and organic pasteurized milk, along with innovative forms and flavors to cater to younger consumers [16].