Core Insights - The article emphasizes that the true revolution in Britain during the Industrial Revolution was not merely technological but fundamentally institutional, which allowed innovation to become profitable and risks to be shared and priced [7][10]. Group 1: Historical Context - In the mid-18th century, the combination of technological advancements, such as the steam engine, and institutional reforms, like the establishment of the Bank of England, marked the beginning of the mechanization of energy in Britain [2][3]. - By 1850, Britain dominated global coal production and textile exports, with its population and GDP experiencing significant growth [2]. Group 2: Institutional Reforms - The Glorious Revolution of 1688 established parliamentary control over taxation and legislation, fostering a trust in the government and enabling the development of a capital market [3][4]. - The introduction of the modern patent system in the 17th century allowed inventors to profit from their innovations, leading to a surge in technological advancements [4]. Group 3: Capital, Land, and Labor Mobility - The establishment of the London Stock Exchange and the implementation of the Bubble Act laid the groundwork for a regulated capital market, allowing companies to raise funds through shares [5]. - The enclosure movement privatized land, increasing agricultural efficiency and providing food for urban industrialization [5][6]. - The migration of displaced farmers to cities created a labor market, transforming workers into free wage earners and enabling the emergence of a modern economy [6]. Group 4: Comparative Analysis - The article contrasts Britain's institutional success with the stagnation in China and the Ottoman Empire, where rigid systems stifled innovation and economic growth [8][10]. - The lack of inclusive institutions in China and the Ottoman Empire led to a failure to capitalize on technological advancements, resulting in significant disparities in economic performance [8][10]. Group 5: Long-term Implications - The article highlights that institutional differences manifest over time, leading to significant economic disparities, as seen in the GDP growth between Britain and the Ottoman Empire from 1500 to 1900 [12]. - The evolution of British political institutions allowed for continuous self-correction and adaptation, contributing to long-term stability and prosperity [12][16]. Group 6: Critical Reflection - While the article acknowledges the successes of Britain's institutions, it also points out the darker aspects of industrialization, such as exploitation and inequality, reminding that progress often comes at a cost [15][16].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes that economic growth is driven by continuous innovation and the replacement of outdated practices, a concept recognized by the 2025 Nobel Prize in Economics, termed "creative destruction" [5][8][19]. Group 1: Innovation and Economic Growth - The article discusses how historical advancements, such as the steam engine, electricity, and digital cameras, have led to the obsolescence of previous technologies [5][6][7]. - It highlights that the emergence of AI is currently leading to the disappearance of certain professions, indicating a cycle of development that involves a "gentle reckoning" [9][10]. Group 2: Survival Strategies for Individuals - The article outlines three survival rules derived from the Nobel Prize conclusions: - First, individuals should learn to "command tools" rather than just "execute tasks," focusing on leveraging AI to amplify results [13][14]. - Second, it is crucial to "master change" rather than merely adapt to it, as those who drive change ask "is there a better way?" [15][16]. - Third, instead of seeking stable jobs, individuals should identify skills that are hard to replace, focusing on integration and transferability abilities [17][18]. Group 3: Broader Implications of Innovation - The article concludes that innovation is not solely the responsibility of nations or corporations but is essential for individuals to improve their lives [19][20].

Core Insights - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to understanding how innovation drives economic growth [1][2] - Mokyr's research emphasizes the importance of "knowledge accumulation and institutional environment" in technological change, highlighting that mere technological invention is insufficient for sustained growth [1] - Aghion and Howitt focus on the mechanisms of growth, particularly the concept of "creative destruction," which illustrates how innovation can displace old products while creating new opportunities [2] Summary by Sections Mokyr's Contributions - Mokyr identifies three core elements necessary for sustained economic growth: the accumulation of "useful knowledge," an inclusive institutional environment, and a shift in cultural values [1] - He uses the example of the steam engine to demonstrate how patent systems and military demand facilitated the large-scale application of technology in Britain [1] Aghion and Howitt's Insights - Aghion and Howitt explain that "creative destruction" is essential for economic growth, as it fosters innovation while rendering outdated products obsolete [2] - They argue that both excessively high and low market concentration can hinder the innovation process, suggesting that a balance is necessary for optimal growth [2] Implications for China - The theories of the Nobel laureates resonate in China, particularly in avoiding the "middle-income trap" [2] - Recommendations for China include enhancing competition and innovation incentives, reducing entry barriers in key industries, and strengthening antitrust enforcement to prevent resource allocation to "zombie companies" [2] - A tailored policy approach is suggested, emphasizing competition and original R&D in frontier industries while focusing on technology absorption and standardization in less advanced sectors [2] Policy Directions for Sustainable Growth - The article advocates for directional policies that promote green and high-quality growth, particularly in sectors like new energy vehicles and renewable energy [3] - It suggests a collaborative approach involving carbon emission standards, carbon pricing, and subsidies to direct patents and talent towards sustainable growth paths [3]

（原标题：经济增长靠"破坏"？2025诺贝尔经济学奖里的财富密码） 今年的诺贝尔经济学奖，对中国有哪些启发？北京时间10月13日，2025年诺贝尔经济学奖揭晓，奖项授 予了乔尔·莫基尔、菲利普·阿吉翁和彼得·豪伊特三位经济学家，以表彰他们共同阐释了"创新如何驱动 经济发展"。 其中，莫基尔获得了一半奖金，获奖成果是"技术进步带来持续增长的先决条件"；阿吉翁和豪伊特共享 了另一半奖金，获奖成果是"创造性破坏下的持续增长理论"。今天我们来聊聊三位学者为什么获奖，他 们的研究和你我的生活、中国经济增长有哪些关系？ 首先我们来看，莫基尔从经济史的角度揭示了"知识积累与制度环境"对技术变迁的关键作用。他研究了 一个核心问题：为什么工业革命发生在18世纪的英国，而不是同时期的其他国家？ 莫基尔发现，仅有技术发明远远不够，持续增长需要三个核心要素："有用知识"的积累机制、制度环境 的包容性，以及文化价值观的转变。 他以蒸汽机为例解释了，瓦特改良蒸汽机后，英国通过专利制度确保其收益，同时英国皇家海军对蒸汽 动力的需求催生了规模化应用场景。这种"制度—市场—文化"的三重驱动，才是技术转化为持续生产力 的关键。 如果说，莫基尔提 ...

经济增长不是理所当然的，我们必须维护创造性破坏背后的机制。 人工智能（AI）等颠覆性新技术为何能成为推动经济持续增长的动力？ 北京时间10月13日傍晚，2025年"诺奖季"颁发的诺贝尔经济学奖，为这一问题提供了学术阐释。瑞典皇 家科学院宣布，将本年度的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔纪念经济科学奖授予乔尔·莫基尔（Joel Mokyr）、菲利 普·阿吉翁（Philippe Aghion）和彼得·豪伊特（Peter Howitt），以表彰他们对"对创新驱动的经济增 长"的解释。 诺贝尔经济学奖评审委员会主席哈斯勒（John Hassler）在发布会上说道："三位诺奖得主的研究表明， 经济增长不是理所当然的。我们必须维护创造性破坏背后的机制，以避免经济重回停滞的状态。" 清华大学社科学院经济所博士生导师、长聘副教授谢丹夏在接受第一财经记者采访时表示，他在哈佛大 学攻读期间曾修读阿吉翁讲授的经济增长课程，而该课程的另一半内容则由去年的诺奖得主阿杰姆奥卢 在麻省理工学院承担。 谢丹夏进一步阐释，阿吉翁和豪伊特的主要研究贡献在于，他们将哈佛另一位重要的经济学家熊彼特提 出的"创造性破坏"理论转化为严谨的数学模型；而莫基尔则被誉为当今 ...

经济增长不是理所当然的，必须维护创造性破坏背后的机制。 持续增长为什么这么难 在人类历史的大多数时期，尽管偶有重大创新出现，生活水平却未在代际发生实质性跃升。以瑞典和英 国为例，从14世纪初到18世纪初的四个世纪里，尽管不乏重要技术创新，国民收入时有起伏，但整体而 言并未形成持续的增长轨迹。真正的转折发生在近两个世纪。历史上首次，世界经济进入了持续增长的 轨道，使大量人口得以摆脱贫困，为现代繁荣社会奠定基础。 究竟是什么因素改变了经济增长的基本模式？今年的三位获奖者从技术创新的角度给出了系统性的解 释。 通过经济史研究，莫基尔揭示了持续增长成为经济新常态的内在逻辑。他将推动持续增长的"有用知 识"划分为两类：一是"命题性知识"，即对自然规律的系统性描述，解释事物背后的运行原理；二是"操 作性知识"，包括具体的技术说明、图纸与配方等实践性知识。 人工智能（AI）等颠覆性新技术为何能成为推动经济持续增长的动力？ 北京时间10月13日傍晚，2025年"诺奖季"颁发的诺贝尔经济学奖，为这一问题提供了学术阐释。瑞典皇 家科学院宣布，将本年度的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔纪念经济科学奖授予乔尔·莫基尔（Joel Mokyr）、菲利 ...

Group 1 - The Baidu Cloud Intelligence Conference 2025 was held on August 28, showcasing the official launch of the 4.0 version of the Qianfan platform, which has transformed into a comprehensive enterprise service platform centered around Agents [1] - The model library of Qianfan 4.0 now includes over 150 models, featuring notable additions such as Baidu's self-developed video generation model "Steam Engine" and customized models for specific industries like finance and visual understanding [1] - A new model fine-tuning toolchain called RFT (Reinforced Feedback Tuning) was introduced, providing developers with more precise model adjustment capabilities [1] Group 2 - The Qianfan Agent service platform has achieved significant breakthroughs with the upgrade of its RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) function to a multimodal RAG, enhancing information processing and generation capabilities [3] - The enterprise-level MCP service has been comprehensively expanded and deepened, incorporating Baidu's unique AI search MCP Server and other core components to offer stronger and more flexible service support for enterprises [3] - The Qianfan data intelligence service platform has undergone a complete upgrade, providing one-stop multimodal data management and processing capabilities, enabling enterprises to efficiently handle and analyze vast amounts of data for more accurate decision-making [3] - Qianfan 4.0 has implemented full-link monitoring of key indicators, links, and logs, offering enterprises comprehensive operational monitoring tools to timely identify and resolve issues, ensuring stable business operations [3]

Core Insights - Baidu's Intelligent Cloud Qianfan platform has officially upgraded to version 4.0, focusing on an Agent-centric one-stop enterprise service platform for developers [1] Model Services - The model library now offers over 150 models, including the newly launched self-developed video generation model "Steam Engine" and specialized models for the financial industry and visual understanding [1] - A new model fine-tuning method called RFT (Reinforced Feedback Tuning) toolchain has been released [1] Agent Orchestration Framework - The Qianfan Agent service platform's RAG has been upgraded to a multimodal RAG [1] - The enterprise-level MCP service has expanded to include unique components such as Baidu's AI search MCP Server [1] - A multi-agent collaboration mode has been introduced [1] Data Management - The Qianfan data intelligence service platform has been fully upgraded to provide one-stop multimodal data management and processing capabilities, maximizing data value at the lowest cost [1] Enterprise Service Capabilities - Qianfan 4.0 can achieve full-link detection of key indicators, links, and logs [1]

人民财讯8月28日电，8月28日2025百度云智大会上，百度智能云千帆平台正式升级到4.0版本，打造以 Agent为核心的一站式企业级服务平台，为开发者提供Agent开发所需要的模型、Agent编排、数据和企 业级服务等能力。其中，模型服务上，模型库提供超过150个模型，包括近期上线的百度自研视频生成 模型蒸汽机；新增千帆慧金金融行业模型、千帆视觉理解模型等一批定制专精模型；发布模型精调新方 法RFT(强化反馈精调)工具链。 ...

Historical Logic: Evolution of Technology Centers - The rise of global powers has historically been closely linked to technological revolutions [2][6] - The transfer of global scientific centers has occurred approximately every 80 years, following a pattern from Italy to the US [5] - Technological innovation is a precursor to economic, political, cultural, and military centers, marking the first step in a nation's rise [7] Economic Logic: Leap in Economic Paradigms - Technological revolutions do not automatically lead to industrial revolutions; a significant leap is required for transformation [9] - General Purpose Technologies (GPT) are crucial for achieving economic paradigm shifts and transitioning from technological to industrial revolutions [10][11] - GPTs are characterized by universal applicability, complementary innovations, and technological dynamism, playing a vital role in national economic ascendance [12] Political Logic: Rise of Great Powers - Economic and technological advancements lead to the concentration of international power, facilitating the rise of great powers [14] - The emergence of new paradigms can shift global power centers, driven by the adoption of GPTs [16] - Infrastructure development is essential for nations to seize opportunities presented by technological changes [18] Era Logic: International Competition in AI - The current global landscape features multiple technology and economic centers, leading to complex competitive dynamics [28] - The fourth industrial revolution is occurring within a fragmented international economic system, affecting trade and economic strategies [32] - The transition from platform economy to intelligent economy highlights the need for nations to adapt and seize AI opportunities [33] AI International Competition - The integration of new technologies is reshaping traditional production models and fostering new economic ecosystems [35] - The collaboration between industries and technology systems is becoming a key factor in economic competition [35] - Industries are increasingly becoming the main drivers of technological innovation, surpassing academic contributions in fields like artificial intelligence [35]