证券研究报告 固收点评报告 hyzqdatemark 2026 年 01 月 07 日 关注长债可能的超跌反弹 ——1 月债市投资策略 投资要点： 廖志明 SAC：S1350524100002 liaozhiming@huayuanstock.com 请务必仔细阅读正文之后的评级说明和重要声明 证券分析师 联系人 2025 年 12 月，超长债表现格外疲软，源于券商自营、基金及年金等系统性减仓超 长债。2025 年 11 月 20 日-12 月 31 日，券商自营、基金及年金等合计净卖出了 2502 亿超长利率债，交易盘超长债持仓大幅减少。或因非银机构普遍预期债市资本利得 空间有限，大幅看多股市，券商自营、债基及年金等系统性降低了债券持仓久期， 导致超长债收益率明显上升。2025 年下半年压制长债的三大因素：1）机构股市预 期高，交易盘大幅抛售超长债；2）央行迟迟不下调政策利率，买债规模较小；3） 惩罚性赎回费预期扰动，主动纯债基金规模下降。 长债特别是超长债供给问题较为突出。2018 年以来，政府债券净发行规模快速增长， 从 2018 年的仅 4.77 万亿增长至 2025 年的 13.85 万亿，使得债券 ...

固收定期报告 证券研究报告 ——利率周报（2025.12.15-2025.12.21） 证券分析师 投资要点： 联系人 mahe@huayuanstock.com 短期制约因素突出，当前经济或仍承压 报告核心观点：11 月经济数据与财政收支数据相继披露，当前经济或仍持续承压。 我们认为经济运行核心矛盾仍聚焦于"旧动能调整拖累与新动能成长并存"，消费 与投资的短期压力与财政收支的低增长态势相互呼应。从经济运行基本面看，需求 端或仍承压。消费与投资双引擎若持续乏力，可能直接影响四季度经济增速预期， 预计同比增速将较三季度有所放缓。短期制约因素尤为突出：房地产市场仍在筑底 阶段，居民消费短期仍可能保持谨慎态度。2025 年 1-11 月财政收支情况显示，财 政运行呈现"收入低增、支出中央地方分化"的特征。当前经济与财政的运行态势， 与 2025 年中央经济工作会议的政策部署形成精准呼应。会议强化内需主导作用、突 出企业创新主体地位，并新增"加大逆周期和跨周期调节力度"的表述，为后续政 策发力指明了方向。明年经济或呈现弱修复态势，财政收支平衡压力或将持续。 本周（12/15-12/21）市场概览： hyzqdatem ...

证券研究报告 固收定期报告 hyzqdatemark 2025 年 12 月 15 日 ——利率周报（2025.12.08-2025.12.14） 投资要点： 联系人 mahe@huayuanstock.com 中央经济工作会议定调 26 年经济工作 报告核心观点：中央经济工作会议 12 月 10 日至 11 日在北京举行。宏观政策新增 "增强政策前瞻性针对性协同性"的实施路径，新增"加大逆周期和跨周期调节力 度"表述，删除 2024 年的"稳住楼市股市"表述。财政政策方面，2025 年要继续 "实施更加积极的财政政策"、"保持必要的财政赤字、债务总规模和支出总量"。 货币政策上，2025 年要继续"实施适度宽松的货币政策"，降准降息方面表述从 2024 的"适时降准降息"变成"灵活高效运用降准降息等多种政策工具"，同时强调"把 促进经济稳定增长、物价合理回升作为货币政策的重要考量"。2025 年中央经济工 作会议重点任务表述在多个领域有明显变化：内需领域升级为"内需主导，建设强 大国内市场"；科技创新新增教育科技人才一体化方案和服务业扩能提质行动，强 化人工智能发展与企业创新主体地位；改革新增"反内卷"竞争 ...

Report Industry Investment Rating - The industry rating is not explicitly mentioned in the report regarding the bond market. However, the general tone seems to suggest a cautious view on the bond market, with potential risks and adjustments ahead [27]. Core View of the Report - The bond market has been weakening recently with a divergence in bond varieties. Both bulls and bears in the bond market are currently confused. The report presents multiple reasons for both bullish and bearish outlooks on the bond market and concludes that the risk in the bond market has not been eliminated, with potential for further adjustments within the year [2][6]. Summary by Related Catalogs Bullish Reasons - **Bond Supply Mismatch in Q4**: This year, the fiscal bond issuance has been front - loaded, with the remaining quotas for national and local bonds in Q4 at 21.5% and 22.1% respectively, lower than last year's 26.3% and 30.5%. Q4 is also the insurance "opening - up" period, leading to increased allocation demand from insurance companies [7]. - **Favorable Economic Data**: The corporate loans in the social financing data have weakened for two consecutive months, and the economic data in August was generally weak. The production slowed down, with the industrial added - value growth rate in August at 5.2%, down 0.5pct from the previous month. The fixed - asset investment also slowed down. Weak economic data is beneficial for the bond market [8]. - **Monetary Policy and Treasury Bond Transactions**: With a weakening economy, weak social financing and credit, and the Fed's rate cut, there is an increased probability of rate cuts and reserve requirement ratio cuts in Q4. The adjustment of the 14 - day reverse repurchase operation by the central bank implies a potential rate cut. The discussion on government bond issuance management and central bank's treasury bond transactions also provides room for speculation [12]. Bearish Reasons - **Nominal GDP and Re - inflation**: The "anti - involution" policy has a positive impact on inflation. PPI has shown signs of bottoming out. Nominal GDP may rise due to the narrowing of the GDP deflator, which could be unfavorable for bond yields. Expectations of inflation are also increasing [16]. - **Mutual Fund Redemption Chain Reaction**: Due to weakening profitability and the potential redemption fee, mutual bond funds may face scale shrinkage, which could lead to liquidity and valuation spread pressures on certain bond varieties favored by mutual funds [20]. - **Weak Monetary Policy Coordination**: The monetary policy has not adjusted policy rates. To cooperate with the "anti - involution" policy, interest rates may not be further reduced. The desired growth rate of loans may decline, and the current interest rate level may be appropriate [23]. - **Sustained Breakthrough in the Equity Market**: The equity market has shifted from a situation of "no fundamental support" to "having performance support from specific sectors". This may lead to a long - term trend of capital flowing from the bond market to the equity market [24]. Outlook for Monday - Two news events, a news conference on the "14th Five - Year Plan" and a positive phone call between the Chinese and US presidents, may boost risk appetite. The bond and equity markets are likely to have a "risk - on" trading pattern. The risk in the bond market has not been eliminated, and there is still room for adjustment within the year [27].

Report Summary 1. Industry Investment Rating No industry investment rating is provided in the report. 2. Core View Standing at the end of July and looking forward to August, investors' sentiment for going long in the bond market has declined. The consensus has shifted from going long on long - term and ultra - long - term bonds to medium - and short - term interest - rate bonds. The money market and the equity market have become the core concerns of investors, and their preference for medium - and low - grade urban investment bonds and local government bonds has weakened marginally [1]. 3. Summary by Questionnaire Items Q2: 10 - year Treasury Yield Upper and Lower Limits in August - Regarding the lower limit, 45% of investors think it will likely fall within 1.60% - 1.65% (inclusive), 18% believe it will break below 1.60% (mostly in the 1.55% - 1.60% range), and about 37% think it will exceed 1.65%. - Regarding the upper limit, 51% of investors think it will likely fall within 1.75% - 1.80% (inclusive), about 14% think it will exceed 1.80%, and only 4% think it will be below 1.70%. - Conclusion: Investors' expectation of a rise in the 10 - year Treasury yield is increasing, but they are still cautious about it breaking key points. The bond market may face some emotional shocks in August, but the macro - fundamentals are in a weak recovery, the money market is stable, and the expectation of loose monetary policy remains unchanged [10]. Q3: 30 - year Treasury Yield Upper and Lower Limits in August - Regarding the lower limit, over 73% of investors think it will fall within 1.80% - 1.90% (inclusive), 18% think it will break above 1.90%, and only 8% think it will be below 1.80%. - Regarding the upper limit, about 56% of investors think it will fall within 1.95% - 2.00% (inclusive), 24% think it will be in the 2.00% - 2.05% range, and about 9% think it will break above 2.05%. - Conclusion: Since July, the 30 - year Treasury yield has been rising, reaching a maximum of 1.998%. Investors' expectation of a further increase in the 30 - year Treasury yield is not high [14]. Q4: Economic Trend in the Third Quarter - 31% of investors are relatively optimistic about the economic trend in the third quarter, believing it will show "year - on - year recovery and month - on - month growth exceeding the seasonal level". - 24% think it will be "year - on - year recovery and month - on - month growth in line with the seasonal level". - 34% think it will be "year - on - year recovery and month - on - month growth weaker than the seasonal level". - 31% are relatively pessimistic, believing it will be "both year - on - year and month - on - month decline". - Conclusion: External factors may have some impact on the macro - economy in the third quarter, but the overall expectation of investors has not changed much, with the proportion of pessimistic expectations rising from 30% to 31% [15]. Q5: Next Reserve Requirement Ratio Cut and Interest Rate Cut Timing - Regarding reserve requirement ratio cuts, 43% of investors think there will be no more cuts this year, 47% think the next cut may be in the third quarter, and 9% think it will be postponed to the fourth quarter. - Regarding interest rate cuts, 41% of investors think there will be no cuts this year, 41% think the next cut may be in the fourth quarter, and 19% think it will be in August or the third quarter. - Conclusion: In July, investors' expectations for reserve requirement ratio and interest rate cuts have gradually weakened. Most investors tend to postpone potential cuts to a more distant policy window rather than August [17]. Q6: Impact of the Recent "Anti - Involution" Policy on the Bond Market - 71% of investors think the "anti - involution" policy will be negative for the bond market. - 43% think it will strengthen the stock - bond seesaw effect and suppress the bond market through capital diversion. - 28% think it will push up industrial product prices, intensify inflation expectations, and be negative for the bond market. - 17% think the policy's effect is limited, and the bond market is still dominated by fundamentals. - Conclusion: The "anti - involution" policy has some impact on the macro - economy and the bond market, but no obvious trend is seen. Most investors think it will be negative for the bond market, but some think the impact is short - term [18]. Q7: Bond Market Trend in August - 28% of investors think the bond market will strengthen in August, with 13% expecting a bullish steepening of the yield curve and 15% expecting a bullish flattening. - 31% of investors think the bond market will be weak. - 26% of investors think the bond market will show a divergence between the short - end and the long - end, with the short - end strong and the long - end weak. - 2% of investors think the short - end will be weak and the long - end will be strong. - Conclusion: Investors' consensus has shifted to going long on short - term bonds. The proportion of those thinking the bond market will strengthen is significantly lower than in June. Investors' judgments on the bond market are relatively evenly distributed [22]. Q8: Current Bond Market Operation - 33% of investors think they should hold cash and wait to add positions after the market corrects to the expected level. - 20% of investors think they can start adding positions now. - 19% of investors think they should reduce the duration to control risks. - 14% of investors think they should take appropriate profits and reduce positions. - 14% of investors think they should keep the positions basically stable. - Conclusion: Most investors are neutral in practice. Holding cash and waiting is the mainstream view. The proportion of those thinking they can start adding positions has increased, indicating potential buying power in the bond market [23]. Q9: Most Favored Bond Types in August - Compared with June, investors' preference for ultra - long - term and long - term interest - rate bonds has decreased, while their preference for medium - and short - term interest - rate bonds has increased significantly. - The popularity of local government bonds and medium - and low - grade urban investment bonds has decreased. - Conclusion: Investors' consensus has shifted from long - term and ultra - long - term interest - rate bonds to medium - and short - term interest - rate bonds, and their preference for negotiable certificates of deposit has also increased [29]. Q10: Main Logic of Bond Market Pricing in August - Monetary policy, the money market, and the performance of the equity market have become the core concerns of bond investors. - Investors' attention to fiscal policy and government bond issuance remains the same, while their attention to fundamentals and institutional behavior games has decreased. - Conclusion: The central bank's monetary policy stance and the money market trend are still the factors that investors focus on. This month, investors' attention to the equity market has increased significantly, while their attention to institutional behavior games and fiscal policy has decreased [30].