美银分析师认为，参考沃尔克时代经验，大幅降息可能触发"大规模再杠杆化"，释放冻结的现金和房地 产市场。 据追风交易台，美国银行(BofA)最新发布的研究投资委员会(RIC)报告显示，在中期选举前夕，美国可 能采取"逃逸速度策略"以刺激经济增长，美联储或将实施更激进的降息政策来解冻房地产市场。 当前美股处于历史高位，但两大资产类别陷入停滞：美国家庭持有自1991年以来最高现金比例，现房销 售跌至金融危机水平，利率是共同原因。 美银认为，若政策制定者采取更激进降息（联邦利率降至1-2%，10年期国债收益率降至3.25%），将利 好小盘价值股、房屋建筑商、长期国债、新兴市场债券和黄金。美银基准情形预期年底10年期国债收益 率4%，联邦利率3.9%，但"逃逸速度"策略可能带来超预期行情。 沃尔克先例：利率急降如何解冻市场 美银分析师指出，当前市场面临两大资产类别的"冰冻"状态：家庭现金持有和房地产市场。数据显示， 美国家庭目前持有19.6万亿美元现金及等价物，相对于负债的比例达到1991年以来最高水平。同时， 2025年现房销售平均400万套，与2008年全球金融危机后水平相似。 历史经验表明，1980年代中期沃尔克 ...

Group 1: U.S. Rate Cut Cycles - The report reviews the impact of the last four U.S. Federal Reserve rate cut cycles on the Chinese economy and A-share indices since 2005[1] - The 2007-2008 cycle saw a total cut of 500 basis points (bps), with the Fed rate dropping from 5.25% to 0.25%[8] - In the 2019 cycle, the Fed cut rates by 75 bps from 2.50% to 1.75% amid trade tensions and economic slowdown[8] - The 2020 cycle involved a total cut of 150 bps, bringing rates down to 0%-0.25% due to the COVID-19 pandemic[8] - The upcoming 2024 cycle is projected to involve a 100 bps cut, starting from a range of 5.25%-5.50%[8] Group 2: Market Performance During Rate Cuts - During the 2007-2009 cycle, major A-share indices experienced significant declines, with the Shanghai Composite Index dropping by approximately 40%[24] - In contrast, during the 2019 rate cut, the ChiNext Index rose by 11.30%, indicating a recovery in market sentiment[30] - The 2020 cycle saw the ChiNext Index increase by 27.24%, outperforming other indices due to strong growth in high-demand sectors[36] - The 2024 cycle is expected to provide liquidity support, with the ChiNext Index projected to rise by 20.84% during the cut period[42] Group 3: Economic Context and Policy Responses - Rate cuts are typically initiated in response to economic slowdowns or recession signals, with the severity of the recession influencing market reactions[3] - The Chinese government responded to the 2008 financial crisis with a 4 trillion yuan stimulus plan, which included significant infrastructure investments[21] - In 2019, the People's Bank of China implemented a series of targeted monetary policy adjustments, including lowering the Loan Prime Rate (LPR) to support economic stability[27] - The 2024 rate cut is expected to be accompanied by domestic policy measures aimed at stabilizing growth and supporting the stock market[42]

Group 1 - Long-term bond yields in developed economies have surged due to government debt, potential inflation, and political instability, raising concerns among investors about the risks associated with holding these bonds [1] - The yield on the US 30-year Treasury bond approached 5% on September 3, with the spread between the 2-year and 30-year Treasury yields widening to the highest level since December 2021, indicating investor worries about the sustainability of US government debt and rising inflation [1] - Japan's 30-year bond yield reached a historic high of 3.28% on September 3, while the UK's 30-year bond yield rose to 5.752%, the highest level since 1998, and Germany's 30-year bond yield climbed to 3.37%, nearing a 14-year high [1] Group 2 - The fiscal outlook in major Eurozone economies is causing investor concern, particularly following Germany's announcement of significant investments in infrastructure and defense, which may lead to higher long-term rates in the Eurozone [2] - France's long-term borrowing costs surged to their highest level since 2011 on September 2, driven by concerns over political instability affecting fiscal consolidation efforts, which could increase risk premiums and further escalate national debt [2] - Deutsche Bank's CEO noted that capital markets have recognized the lack of necessary economic reforms to address government debt, warning that ongoing political instability and delayed reforms could perpetuate the current trend [2]

Core Viewpoint - A rare wave of selling in the medium to long-term bond market has emerged across Western countries since September, leading to significant declines in long-term government bond prices and surging yields [1][2]. Group 1: Market Trends - Long-term government bond yields in key Western countries, including the UK, US, France, Japan, and Germany, have reached levels not seen in over a decade, with the US 30-year Treasury yield surpassing the psychological 5% mark [2]. - The UK 30-year bond yield has climbed to 5.75%, the highest since 1998, while Japan's 20-year bond yield has hit a peak for this century [2]. - This global bond sell-off is eroding the value of government bonds, traditionally viewed as one of the safest assets, pushing long-term yields to multi-decade highs [2]. Group 2: Economic Context - The unusual rise in bond yields in Europe, the US, and Japan coincides with the Federal Reserve's anticipated interest rate cuts, indicating a divergence between short-term and long-term interest rates [2]. - The upcoming Alpha online private session will feature insights from Hu Gang, founder and CIO of Winshore Capital, discussing strategies to navigate the global bond market sell-off and the implications of changes in the US political and economic landscape on asset allocation [2][5]. Group 3: Expert Insights - Hu Gang has over 20 years of experience in financial markets, previously serving as a vice president at PIMCO, one of the largest bond funds globally, and is expected to provide valuable perspectives during the upcoming session [3][4]. - The session will include a 30-minute Q&A segment, allowing participants to engage directly with Hu Gang on pressing topics related to the current market dynamics [3].

Group 1 - The long-term bond yields in developed economies have significantly increased due to factors such as government debt, potential inflation, and political situations, raising concerns among investors about the uncertainties and risks associated with holding long-term bonds [1] - The yield on the US 30-year Treasury bond approached 5%, with the spread between the 2-year and 30-year Treasury yields widening to the highest level since December 2021, indicating investor worries about the sustainability of US government debt and rising inflation [1] - Japan's 30-year bond yield reached a historic high of 3.28%, while the UK's 30-year bond yield rose to 5.752%, the highest level since 1998, and Germany's 30-year bond yield climbed to 3.37%, nearing a 14-year high [1] Group 2 - The fiscal outlook of major Eurozone economies is causing investor concerns, particularly with Germany's significant investments in infrastructure and defense, which may lead to higher long-term rates in the Eurozone [2] - France's long-term borrowing costs surged to their highest level since 2011, driven by concerns over political instability affecting fiscal consolidation efforts, which could increase the country's debt [2] - Investors are selling long-term government bonds, traditionally seen as low-risk investments, and seeking other safe-haven assets, leading to a record high in international spot gold prices at $3,577 per ounce [2]

Group 1 - Global long-term bond yields have surged due to concerns over government debt, potential inflation, and political instability, leading to increased uncertainty and risk for investors holding long-term bonds [1] - The yield on the US 30-year Treasury bond approached 5%, with the yield spread between 2-year and 30-year bonds reaching its highest level since December 2021, indicating investor worries about the sustainability of US government debt and rising inflation [1] - Japan's 30-year bond yield hit a historic high of 3.28%, while the UK's reached 5.752%, the highest since 1998, and Germany's rose to 3.37%, nearing a 14-year peak, reflecting widespread concerns about fiscal discipline and debt sustainability [1] Group 2 - In the UK, rising long-term borrowing costs are attributed to investor anxiety regarding the upcoming autumn budget and fiscal measures, with the Chancellor set to announce plans on November 26 [2] - Germany's significant investments in infrastructure and defense have raised concerns about fiscal expansion potentially increasing long-term interest rates in the Eurozone, as noted by economists [2] - France's long-term borrowing costs surged to their highest level since 2011, driven by fears of political instability affecting fiscal consolidation efforts, which could lead to increased debt levels [2]

Group 1 - Global long-term bond yields have risen significantly due to concerns over government debt, potential inflation, and political situations in various developed economies [1][2] - The yield on the US 30-year Treasury bond approached 5%, with the yield spread between 2-year and 30-year bonds reaching its highest level since December 2021, indicating investor worries about the sustainability of US government debt and rising inflation [1] - Japan's 30-year bond yield hit a historic high of 3.28%, while the UK and Germany also saw their long-term bond yields rise to levels not seen in decades, reflecting market concerns over fiscal discipline and debt sustainability [1][2] Group 2 - The UK government faces rising long-term borrowing costs, with investors anxious about the upcoming autumn budget and fiscal measures [2] - Germany's significant investment plans in infrastructure and defense have raised concerns about fiscal expansion potentially increasing long-term interest rates in the Eurozone [2] - France's long-term borrowing costs surged to their highest level since 2011, driven by fears of political instability affecting fiscal consolidation efforts [2]

Core Insights - The global bond market is undergoing a significant adjustment driven by rising fiscal deficits, increasing public debt, persistent inflation, and a shift in investor sentiment towards higher yields [2][3][12] Group 1: Fiscal Deficits and Rising Yields - Fiscal deficits in Europe and the U.S. are expanding, with the U.S. debt-to-GDP ratio expected to rise from under 80% pre-pandemic to nearly 120% by mid-2025 [3] - The U.S. fiscal deficit is projected to remain around 6-7% of GDP even during favorable economic conditions, exerting upward pressure on U.S. Treasury yields [3] - The UK's borrowing needs are anticipated to reach historical highs by early 2025, with long-term bond yields exceeding 5.6%, the highest since 1998 [3] Group 2: Japan's Debt Burden - Japan has the heaviest debt burden, exceeding 250% of GDP, and is adjusting its yield curve control policy due to global pressures, leading to a 30-year bond yield surpassing 3% for the first time [5] Group 3: Inflation and Central Bank Credibility - Persistent inflation is a global driving factor, eroding the real value of fixed-income bonds and prompting investors to demand higher returns to protect their capital [6][7] - Central banks have paused interest rate hikes after aggressive increases in 2022-23, yet bond yields continue to rise due to quantitative tightening [8][9] Group 4: Investor Sentiment and Market Dynamics - Investor psychology has shifted from assuming low yields would persist to a more cautious stance, with "bond vigilantes" re-emerging to enforce fiscal discipline through bond sell-offs [10][11] - The demand for safe-haven bonds has diminished, with investors focusing more on inflation and debt issues rather than seeking safety during global crises [11] Group 5: Structural Reset of the Global Bond Market - The global bond market is experiencing a structural reset, with long-term yields rising across various countries, marking the end of the ultra-low interest rate era [12][13] - Credit ratings reflect disparities among countries, with the U.S. losing its AAA rating and other nations facing similar pressures, leading to increased borrowing costs and fiscal strain [12]

Report Summary 1. Investment Rating The document does not mention the industry investment rating. 2. Core Views - Standing at the end of August and looking forward to September, investors are confused about the general direction of the bond market. The bullish sentiment has decreased, and operations have become more prudent. The capital market and the equity market are the core concerns of investors, and the preference for local bonds, high - grade urban investment bonds, and perpetual bonds has marginally weakened [1]. - Four mainstream expectations for the September bond market: concentrated expectations for the upper and lower limits of long - term treasury bond yields; decreased bullish sentiment in the bond market, more cautious operations, and an upward - moving interest rate oscillation center; changed overall expectations for the August economy, with increased expectations for reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts; consistent preference for medium - and short - term interest - rate bonds and increased preference for convertible bonds [2]. 3. Summary by Directory 1. Investor Expectations are Divergent and Behavior is More Prudent - **Survey Overview**: A bond market questionnaire was released on August 26, 2025, and 114 valid questionnaires were received by August 28, covering various institutional and individual investors [9]. - **Long - term Treasury Bond Yield Expectations** - **10 - year Treasury Bonds**: 85% of investors think the lower limit of the 10 - year treasury bond yield is likely to be in the 1.65% - 1.75% range, and 51% think the upper limit is likely to be in the 1.80% - 1.85% range. Investors' expectations for an increase in the 10 - year treasury bond interest rate are gradually rising [11]. - **30 - year Treasury Bonds**: 41% of investors think the lower limit of the 30 - year treasury bond yield is likely to be in the 1.90% - 1.95% range, and 44% think the upper limit is likely to be in the 2.05% - 2.10% range. Investors are cautious about the potential further increase in the 30 - year treasury bond yield [13]. - **Economic Outlook for August**: Investor responses were relatively evenly distributed. 29% think the economy in August will show a "both year - on - year and month - on - month weakening" performance. Pessimistic expectations have decreased from 31% to 29% [15][17]. - **Expectations for Reserve Requirement Ratio Cuts and Interest Rate Cuts**: 42% of investors think there will be no further reserve requirement ratio cuts this year, and 46% think there will be no interest rate cuts. Most investors tend to postpone potential reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts to a more distant policy window [20]. - **Impact of the Equity Market on the Bond Market**: 70% of investors think the recent strengthening of the equity market will strengthen the stock - bond seesaw effect and suppress the bond market. However, some investors think the impact is short - term [24]. - **September Bond Market Outlook**: Investor expectations for the bond market are divergent. The proportions of investors expecting the bond market to "strengthen overall with a bull - flattened yield curve" and "weaken overall with a bear - steepened yield curve" are both 23%. The preference for the short - end has also decreased [25]. - **Bond Market Operations**: In September, most investors are neutral in practice. Holding cash and waiting is the mainstream view, with a marginal increase in the proportion of investors maintaining positions and taking profits [28]. - **Preferred Bond Types**: In August, investors maintained their positions in medium - and short - term interest - rate bonds and increased their preference for convertible bonds. The preference for local bonds, high - grade urban investment bonds, and perpetual bonds decreased slightly [30]. - **Main Bond Pricing Logic**: Monetary policy, capital market conditions, and the performance of the equity market are the core concerns of bond investors. This month, the attention to the equity market has increased significantly, while the attention to institutional behavior games and fiscal policy has decreased [32].

Core Viewpoint - Long-term government bond yields in China have been declining, with the 30-year yield falling below 2.5%, reflecting expectations of long-term economic growth and inflation, while also being influenced by supply and demand factors [1][2]. Group 1 - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) maintains a positive long-term outlook on economic growth, asserting that the fundamental economic conditions remain favorable [1]. - Some institutional investors anticipate a moderate recovery in inflation from low levels, which could support an increase in long-term bond yields as nominal rates adjust to inflation [1]. - The bond market in China has made significant progress, ranking second globally in total size, but still requires improvements in market depth and pricing mechanisms [1]. Group 2 - A noticeable reduction in government bond supply this year may have contributed to the short-term divergence between bond yields and economic expectations [2]. - The PBOC's strong counter-cyclical monetary policy has created a favorable liquidity environment for the stable operation of the bond market [2]. - The issuance of ultra-long-term special government bonds is expected to alleviate the "asset shortage" situation, leading to a potential rebound in long-term bond yields [2]. Group 3 - The PBOC's engagement in secondary market bond trading serves as a liquidity management tool and a reserve for monetary policy [3]. - China's bond market ranks third globally, with improved liquidity facilitating the PBOC's operations in the secondary market [3]. - Unlike developed economies that resorted to large-scale bond purchases for monetary policy goals, China continues to implement normal monetary policy, distinguishing its approach from quantitative easing (QE) practices [3].