在北京丰台站改造中，该装置展现突出的技术实用性与经济性：用1.5微法电容替代试验灯泡，节省120 个且可循环使用；无需信号变压器，每站减少设备约30台；试验人员从每站6至7人减至3人，单站试验 周期9至10天，累计节约人工工时约120天。 目前，该装置已荣获河北省建筑业科学技术进步奖等多项荣誉，成功应用于丰台站、官庄站等10余个车 站改造，大幅提升试验准确性、降低施工成本，为铁路信号试验向智能化、高效化发展提供关键技术支 撑。（记者华凌 通讯员马潇然 任肖琳） 近日，中铁六局电务公司京津冀区域项目部研发的新型铁路信号模拟试验装置正式投入使用，该装置融 合多技术创新，彻底改变传统试验模式，为铁路开通运营筑牢安全防线，已在10余个车站改造工程中推 广。 铁路信号连锁试验是行车安全"生命线"，传统方式依赖人工操作模拟盘，存在"一站一制"、无法重复使 用、效率低下等痛点。为此，项目部创新改进智能终端，整合计算机软件设计、嵌入式硬件、现场 CAN总线通信三大核心技术，研制出高适应性的信号模拟试验装置。 该装置由盘面、支架、试验模拟装置三部分组成，通过三种模拟电路精准还原列车运行动态信息，可全 面检测室内外信号设备联锁功 ...

Core Insights - The research team led by Professor Xiong Yujie from Anhui Normal University, in collaboration with the University of Science and Technology of China, has successfully created sub-nanometer high-entropy alloys using laser irradiation, which can incorporate up to ten different metal elements [1][2] - This innovative method overcomes traditional high-temperature synthesis limitations, allowing for the production of high-entropy alloys at milder conditions and achieving smaller particle sizes [1] Group 1: Research Methodology - The team utilized laser irradiation technology to achieve uniform mixing of multiple metals under mild conditions, resulting in the production of sub-nanometer high-entropy alloy particles [1] - The nanosecond pulsed laser rapidly increases the surface temperature of the particles to over 2000 degrees Celsius and then cools them at a rate exceeding one billion degrees per second, enabling precise control over particle size [1] Group 2: Applications and Performance - High-entropy alloys exhibit significant potential in the renewable energy sector, particularly as ideal catalyst materials due to their unique structure and properties [2] - The sub-nanometer high-entropy alloy composed of gold, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, and iridium demonstrates exceptional catalytic activity and stability in hydrogen production through water electrolysis, outperforming current commercial platinum-carbon and ruthenium dioxide catalysts [2] - The new laser synthesis method greatly expands the material system and applicability of high-entropy alloys, potentially advancing their practical applications in energy and catalysis [2]

"未来，中国工程院将特别关注全球南方国家的需求，推动工程成果惠及更多发展中国家。同时，继续 大力推进工程师资格、工程教育、工程技术标准国际互认，推动创新要素全球流动。"10月12日至17 日，中国科协"开放合作月"期间，中国工程院院长李晓红在2025年世界工程组织联合会全体大会上表 示。 南北差距、发展断层、技术鸿沟，以及如何为女性工程师和青年工程师赋能，也成为此次大会热议的问 题。联合国教科文组织2021年工程报告显示，虽然全球对工程师的需求日益增长，但许多国家的青年对 学习工程、从事工程职业的兴趣正在减弱，甚至多个国家出现"逃离工科"现象，女性青年工程师比例也 较小。非洲缺乏训练有素的工程师、技术获取困难等问题也被与会者提及。 面向未来，合作共享成为应对挑战的关键词。 伯内特在会场上主动寻求与中国在新材料、稀土、能源等领域开展合作。"对英国来说，必须与中国合 作，中国也应成为我们坚定的合作伙伴。"他说。 会议期间，非洲工程组织联合会与中国科协签署一份谅解备忘录，推动工程领域深度合作。世界工程组 织联合会前任主席龚克正在推进非洲工程能力建设项目，致力于利用全球工程科技经验为非洲工程科技 发展助力。 会上，来 ...

Core Insights - The launch of the "Hydrogen Spring" train marks a significant breakthrough in China's green rail transit sector, utilizing hydrogen fuel cell technology for zero carbon emissions and flexible urban and tourism applications [1][2] Group 1: Hydrogen Train Development - The "Hydrogen Spring" train, developed by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., features a hydrogen fuel cell power system, producing only water as a byproduct, thus achieving zero carbon emissions [1] - The train can be flexibly configured with 1 to 6 cars, making it suitable for urban commuting and tourism routes, which helps reduce construction and operational costs [1] - The average energy consumption of the "Hydrogen Spring" train is approximately 1.5 kilowatt-hours per kilometer, with a hydrogen storage system designed for safety and efficiency [1] Group 2: Industry Collaboration and Development - CRRC Group signed a cooperation agreement with the Jilin provincial government to promote the application of hydrogen trains and the development of the hydrogen energy industry chain [2] - The company aims to leverage Jilin's resources and industrial foundation to enhance collaboration and build a new hydrogen energy industry cluster, focusing on high-quality development [2] - CRRC has been expanding its hydrogen-powered rail transit equipment, developing various hydrogen energy products and promoting the commercialization of hydrogen technology through collaborative efforts with upstream and downstream enterprises [2]

Group 1: Innovation and Development - The investment in R&D by the whole society has shown stable growth, exceeding 7% continuously from 2021 to 2024, with an intensity higher than the actual during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period [1] - The number of high-value invention patents per 10,000 people has increased from 7.5 to 14, achieving the expected target of the "14th Five-Year Plan" ahead of schedule [1] - The added value of the core industries of the digital economy has surpassed 10% of GDP for the first time, indicating a rapid implementation of new industries, new business formats, and new models [1] Group 2: Key Technologies and Breakthroughs - Huagong Technology has set a global record for the fastest welding of a complete electric vehicle in just 43 seconds, showcasing advanced manufacturing capabilities [2] - The fifth-generation three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting intelligent equipment developed by Huagong Technology features 100% self-controlled key components, representing the highest level of global laser CNC machine tool technology [3] - Significant breakthroughs in key core technologies have been achieved, including advancements in space exploration and deep-earth drilling, reflecting China's growing capabilities in these areas [4] Group 3: New Quality Productivity - The concept of new quality productivity, introduced by the President, emphasizes innovation as the main driving force, moving away from traditional economic growth models [6] - The integration of technology and industry has been promoted, leading to major technological breakthroughs in fields such as new generation information technology and renewable energy [7] - Various regions are actively developing new quality productivity, with initiatives in artificial intelligence, quantum information, and new energy systems [8] Group 4: Talent and Innovation - The importance of talent in driving national technological innovation has been highlighted, with ongoing reforms aimed at enhancing the evaluation and utilization of scientific talent [9] - The number of R&D personnel in China has increased significantly, with a notable rise in the proportion of young scientists leading key projects [12] - The establishment of a new talent evaluation system focusing on innovation value and contribution has been implemented, benefiting researchers and fostering a more conducive environment for scientific advancement [11]

Group 1: Nuclear Power Development - The "Hualong One" nuclear power unit at Fuqing Nuclear Power Plant has officially commenced commercial operation, marking a significant achievement in China's third-generation nuclear technology [3] - The "Hualong One" unit has an annual electricity generation capacity of nearly 10 billion kWh, sufficient to meet the annual electricity needs of 1 million people [3] - During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the construction of "Hualong One" units is progressing steadily, with a domestic equipment localization rate exceeding 90%, benefiting over 5,400 upstream and downstream enterprises [3] Group 2: Heavy Machinery and Infrastructure - The development of large-diameter shield tunneling machines has broken foreign technology monopolies, addressing key construction challenges in China's transportation infrastructure [5] - China Railway Equipment has produced over 50 large-diameter shield machines, including the world's largest high-speed rail shield machine, showcasing China's manufacturing capabilities [5] Group 3: Space Exploration - The "Xihe" solar observation satellite has been capturing solar evolution data, providing a unique perspective for understanding the sun [7] - The satellite has achieved several international firsts in solar observation technology and has made its data available to research teams from 15 countries [7] Group 4: Energy Equipment - The successful development of the domestically produced F-class 50 MW heavy-duty gas turbine represents a significant breakthrough in China's high-end energy equipment sector [9] - This turbine can generate over 70,000 kWh of electricity per hour, enough to meet the daily electricity needs of 7,000 households, and can reduce carbon emissions by approximately 500,000 tons annually [9] Group 5: High-Speed Rail - The CR450 train set, capable of reaching a testing speed of 450 km/h and an operational speed of 400 km/h, represents a significant advancement in high-speed rail technology [11] - The train features a 22% reduction in running resistance and a 10% weight reduction, making it the fastest high-speed train globally upon its operational launch [11] Group 6: Quantum Computing - The "Zuchongzhi 3" superconducting quantum computing prototype has set a new record for quantum computing superiority, outperforming the fastest classical algorithms by 15 orders of magnitude [13] - This achievement highlights China's advancements in quantum computing technology and its potential to lead in this field [13] Group 7: Artificial Synthesis - Chinese scientists have achieved the first artificial synthesis of starch from carbon dioxide in a simplified process, significantly faster than natural methods [15] - This breakthrough could revolutionize food production methods if successfully industrialized [15] Group 8: Offshore Gas Development - The "Deep Sea No. 1" Phase II project has commenced full production, becoming China's largest offshore gas field with a daily output exceeding 15 million cubic meters [17] - This project marks a significant advancement in deep-water oil and gas development in China, entering the ultra-deep water era [17]

Core Viewpoint - The passing of Nobel Prize-winning physicist Yang Chen-Ning at the age of 103 marks the end of an era in the physics community, highlighting his significant contributions to fundamental physics and his role as a bridge between Eastern and Western scientific cultures [1][6]. Contributions to Physics - Yang Chen-Ning made outstanding contributions in various fields including particle physics, field theory, statistical physics, and condensed matter physics [5]. - His work on "parity violation" in collaboration with Li Zhengdao in 1957 fundamentally changed the belief that mirror worlds are indistinguishable, laying the groundwork for the particle physics standard model [5]. - The "Yang-Mills theory," co-developed with Robert Mills, is regarded as one of the cornerstones of modern theoretical physics, comparable to Maxwell's equations and Einstein's theory of relativity [5][6]. Cultural Impact and Legacy - Yang Chen-Ning's life journey reflects the global scientific development and talent mobility of the 20th century, as he moved from China to the United States and later returned to China to promote education and research [7]. - His decision to renounce U.S. citizenship in 2015 to restore his Chinese nationality was widely covered, symbolizing his deep connection to his cultural roots [8]. - Yang's efforts in education, such as the establishment of the "Yang Chen-Ning Scholar Program" at Nanyang Technological University, aimed to inspire young students in science and engineering [9]. Educational Initiatives - Yang Chen-Ning's educational initiatives, including the "Chen Jiageng Youth Invention Award," have encouraged young people to embrace innovative thinking and critical analysis [9]. - His passion for education and foresight in promoting scientific exploration have left a lasting impact, inspiring future generations [9].

3项数据见证里程碑式跨越： 全社会研发经费投入稳定增长，2021年—2024年连续超7%，投入强度高于"十三五"时期实际；每万人口高价值发明专利拥有量从7.5件增长到14件，提 前实现"十四五"规划预期目标；数字经济核心产业增加值占GDP（国内生产总值）比重首次突破10%，新产业、新业态、新模式正加快落地。"十四五"规划 提出的经济社会发展主要指标中，"创新驱动"三大指标均提前实现。 习近平总书记强调，"坚定不移实施创新驱动发展战略""中国式现代化关键在科技现代化"。 "十四五"规划明确，坚持创新在我国现代化建设全局中的核心地位，把科技自立自强作为国家发展的战略支撑。 5年来，属于中国科技的高光时刻数不胜数：福建舰的电磁弹射划破碧波、C919的机翼掠过天际、"奋斗者"号在万米深海留下印记、麒麟芯片高端突 围……我国科技事业取得历史性成就，国家综合创新能力排名由2020年的第14位提升至2024年的第10位。 2023年5月28日，C919首个商业航班东航MU9191飞抵北京首都国际机场。新华社记者 鞠焕宗 摄 5年来，科技界不辱使命，迎难而上，以鲜活昂扬的姿态，勠力同心、攻坚克难，书写着新时代的创新答卷。 破 ...

"水灾害是全球许多城市都面临的挑战。"联合国教科文组织东亚地区办事处主任夏泽翰表示，2011 年，联合国教科文组织启动生态水文示范点网络，通过在全球各地设立示范点，为流域（区域）社会和 生态环境问题提供生态水文学解决方案。在这当中，他们与中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院（以下 简称"中国科学院重庆研究院"）也建立了长期稳定的合作关系。"我们希望更多组织、机构、专家学者 能够联合起来，用科学的方法解决这一全球性挑战，共谋全球生态文明建设之路。" 水灾害防御全国重点实验室主任余钟波表示，在全球气候升温的情况下，洪水和干旱情况比以前增 多，而且洪水来得比以前快，在城市中洪水发生的方式和应对，与规划建设和管网治理紧密相关。水灾 害防治涉及多个方面，是一个需要多方协调的工作，需要多方协调也要因地制宜，如重庆作为山地城 市，有很多好的做法，可以总结归纳为其他山地城市的水环境治理和水灾害防治提供借鉴。 会议现场 主办方供图 10月15日—17日，第五届水灾害防治与水环境调控国际会议在渝开幕，来自国内外的专家学者以 及"一带一路"暨发展中国家国际生态水文前沿高级研修班学员代表，围绕超大城市水系统风险防控与管 理、水利工程与水 ...

观测太阳磁场有了"火眼金睛"。近日，国家重大科研仪器研制项目"用于太阳磁场精确测量的中红 外观测系统"（以下简称"AIMS望远镜"）通过结题验收，并正式启用。作为全球首台中红外波段太阳磁 场专用观测设备，未来它将揭开太阳在中红外波段的神秘面纱。 比如，在太阳磁场直接测量方法方面，科研团队通过12.3微米中红外波段观测，利用超窄带傅立叶 光谱仪直接测量塞曼裂距，将磁场测量精度提升至优于10高斯量级，解决了太阳磁场测量百年历史中的 一个瓶颈问题；在核心部件国产化方面，AIMS望远镜采用离轴光学系统设计，红外光谱和成像终端及 真空制冷系统等全部部件均为国产，体现了中国天文仪器的自主创新能力。 （国家天文台供图） 此外，AIMS望远镜还首次实现中红外波段太阳光谱和成像的常规观测。邓元勇介绍，调试及试观 测期间AIMS望远镜已成功获取多个中红外波段的太阳耀斑数据，为揭示太阳剧烈爆发中物质与能量转 移机制、研究磁能积累与释放提供了新数据支持。 落户冷湖的艰辛超乎想象 10月17日，中国科学院国家天文台举办AIMS望远镜研制总结暨未来科学规划研讨会。会上，AIMS 项目负责人、中国科学院国家天文台研究员邓元勇表示，该望远镜 ...