10月9日，星际荣耀在海南文昌建成国内首家运载火箭总装总测复用工厂。 预计今年底，工厂将迎来首枚双曲线三号可重复使用火箭的进场测试工作。 （受访对象供图） （文章来源：科技日报） 这座工厂采用国内首创的"总装、总测、复用"三位一体模式，不仅能大幅提升火箭年产能力，还能有效降低发射成本。 据介绍，该工厂的建成填补了海南可重复使用火箭检测、复用等核心能力的空白，为中国商业航天规模化发展奠定了基础。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of the spirit of scientists, highlighting the legacy of Wang Xuan, a pioneer in Chinese printing technology, and his contributions to the field of computer science and laser typesetting. Group 1: Contributions to Printing Technology - Wang Xuan is recognized as the inventor of Chinese character information processing and laser typesetting technology, marking a significant revolution in China's printing industry after the invention of movable type printing by Bi Sheng [1][4]. - The "748 Project" initiated in 1974 aimed to develop a Chinese character information processing system, with Wang Xuan focusing on the advanced fourth-generation laser typesetting system [2][3]. Group 2: Innovations and Breakthroughs - Wang Xuan faced skepticism regarding his ability to develop a fourth-generation machine, particularly due to the challenge of storing vast amounts of Chinese character information in limited computer memory [3]. - He developed a unique "contour plus parameters" compression technique, which allowed for the storage of Chinese characters in a computer, significantly reducing the required memory [3]. Group 3: Impact on the Industry - By 1985, the Economic Daily became the first newspaper to adopt laser typesetting, leading to a rapid transition in the industry where 99% of newspapers and 90% of publishers abandoned traditional lead typesetting within five years [4]. - The introduction of color laser typesetting in 1992 marked a milestone, with the Science and Technology Daily publishing the first color newspaper produced using this technology [4]. Group 4: Legacy and Inspiration - Wang Xuan's approach combined scientific innovation with a commitment to national service, embodying the spirit of dedication and mentorship [4][5]. - His legacy encourages future generations to surpass his achievements and continue advancing technology in the field [5].

秋意渐浓的十月，诺贝尔奖的揭晓再次将全球科学界的目光引向那些在人类认知边缘踽踽独行的探索 者。生理学或医学奖颁给揭示机体免疫奥秘的洞察家，物理学奖授予在宏观电路中捕捉量子世界幽灵的 寻踪人，化学奖花落为材料学带来革命的构筑师。 三项至誉，提出一道深邃的命题：科学，究竟应在何时加冕？ 生理学或医学奖和化学奖的归属，是对成熟范式的庄严确认——前者的"身份密码"早已写入教科书，后 者已然深刻改变了材料化学的面貌。这也符合人们的预期：诺奖通常更青睐那些"已验证的变革"。 而物理学奖的颁发，则呈现另一种气象。三位科学家的奠基性工作打破了量子行为仅限于微观尺度的传 统认知，为新一代量子技术开辟了路径。这里一个无法回避的事实是：尽管"量子优越性"已在特定任务 上得以演示，但真正具备纠错能力、可解决实际问题的通用量子计算机，依然远在工程攻坚的深水区， 噪声、退相干、可扩展性……重重障碍横亘于前。 这盏灯，不仅照亮科学的未来，也映照我们面向未知的胸襟。 正如我国学者分析指出，此次物理学奖的授予，可被视为一次"提前的认可"——它奖励的不仅是过去的 辉煌，更是对未来的坚定信念；它致敬的不仅是过往先驱持之以恒的求索，更是对改变现实世 ...

两块在博物馆中"沉睡"数十年的化石，揭开了演化史上一次关键"变形"的奥秘。《自然》近日发表 了一项关于哺乳动物演化重要进展的研究：我国科研人员首次系统提出哺乳动物颌关节演化的四阶段序 列，揭示了这一关键解剖结构变革的完整路线，为理解脊椎动物关键特征演化提供了全新视角。 （原载于《科技日报》2025-10-09 06版） 另一块是来自云南禄丰的摩根兽类化石。此项研究中，团队以这块化石为模式标本，命名了一个新 属种——禄丰曲髁兽。它的齿骨髁结构简单，由齿骨外脊末端向上弯折形成，尚未膨大为球状。这一发 现为"哺乳动物齿骨髁起源于齿骨外脊后端"的假说提供了实证，填补了演化过程中的关键形态过渡环 节。 "基于新发现，我们首次提出原始颌关节与次生关节演化的四阶段序列，清晰展现了从爬行类到哺 乳动物的颌关节转变过程。"论文通讯作者、中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所研究员毛方园说。 同时，研究还揭示出颌关节演化存在多次独立起源，以往被视为哺乳动物鉴定特征的承压性齿—鳞骨关 节，实际仅能作为哺乳型动物而非哺乳动物冠群的鉴定特征。 值得关注的是，团队还探索出多元演化驱动机制。此前流行的"体型小型化驱动假说"无法解释体型 较大的 ...

Core Insights - The research confirms that the Denisovans belong to the Dragon Man lineage, significantly altering the timeline of human evolution [1][2] - The study reveals that the divergence time of modern humans, Neanderthals, and Dragon Man is much earlier than previously accepted, suggesting a more complex evolutionary history [2] Group 1: Research Findings - The "Yunxian Man 2" skull, discovered in Hubei, exhibits both primitive and advanced features, indicating a transitional form in human evolution [1] - The analysis shows that Yunxian Man is not a representative of Homo erectus but closely related to the Denisovans, marking it as an early representative of the Dragon Man lineage [2] Group 2: Implications for Human Evolution - The study constructs a new evolutionary tree for the genus Homo, aligning with genomic research and suggesting that human ancestors had already diverged into multiple independent groups over a million years ago [2] - This research provides a crucial link for understanding East Asian ancient human evolution and prompts a reevaluation of the entire evolutionary family tree of the genus Homo [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the health risks associated with frequent hair dyeing, particularly the potential link to kidney diseases, as highlighted by a recent case of a young girl diagnosed with purpura nephritis after frequent dyeing [1] Group 1: Health Risks of Hair Dyeing - Frequent hair dyeing can lead to kidney disease due to the presence of para-phenylenediamine, a common chemical in hair dyes that can enter the bloodstream through the scalp [2] - The kidneys, responsible for detoxifying the body, may become overburdened when high levels of para-phenylenediamine and its metabolites are present, potentially leading to inflammation and impaired kidney function [2] - Some hair dyes may contain heavy metals like lead, which can also harm the kidneys when absorbed during the dyeing process [2] Group 2: Allergic Reactions and Other Health Issues - Users may experience allergic reactions such as scalp redness, itching, and even severe reactions like swelling and blisters, regardless of whether the dye is natural or chemical [3] - Frequent use of hair dyes can damage hair and scalp, leading to dryness, brittleness, and increased risk of hair breakage [3] - Certain hair dyes may release volatile organic compounds that can irritate the respiratory system, causing symptoms like throat irritation and coughing [3] Group 3: Recommendations for Safer Hair Dyeing - To minimize health risks, it is recommended to limit hair dyeing to no more than four times a year and to avoid simultaneous dyeing and perming [4] - Consumers should avoid "three-no" products and be cautious of marketing claims regarding "natural" or "plant-based" dyes, as they may still contain harmful chemicals [4] - Conducting a patch test before dyeing is essential to identify potential allergic reactions [4] Group 4: Precautions and Alternatives - When applying hair dye, it is advisable to avoid direct contact with the scalp and to use protective barriers like lotion or petroleum jelly [5] - Post-dyeing care should include thorough rinsing to remove any residue and using restorative hair products [5] - Individuals with a history of allergies, skin conditions, or compromised health should consult a doctor before dyeing their hair and consider using temporary dyes or wigs as safer alternatives [5]

Core Insights - The article discusses the development of an "artificial ocean carbon cycling system" that integrates electrocatalysis and biocatalysis to capture and convert CO2 from seawater into valuable chemical products, addressing both ocean acidification and carbon reduction goals [3][4][6]. Group 1: Research Overview - The research was conducted by a collaboration between the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology and the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, resulting in a system that captures CO2 from seawater and converts it into intermediates for biomanufacturing [3][4]. - The system demonstrates a complete chain from CO2 capture to the production of materials and molecules, showcasing a scalable platform for interdisciplinary integration [4]. Group 2: Key Technological Innovations - The electrocatalysis team developed a novel electrolytic device that operates continuously for over 500 hours in natural seawater, achieving a CO2 capture efficiency of over 70% and producing hydrogen as a byproduct [6]. - The cost of capturing one ton of CO2 is approximately $229.9, indicating a promising economic outlook for practical applications [6]. Group 3: Biocatalysis Development - The biocatalysis team created a "supercell" capable of efficiently utilizing formic acid, derived from captured CO2, to produce biodegradable plastic monomers [7][8]. - The engineered bacteria can convert formic acid into succinic acid and lactic acid, which are core monomers for biodegradable plastics [8]. Group 4: Industrial Applications and Future Plans - The research has led to the synthesis of fully biodegradable PBS and PLA, demonstrating the potential for industrial applications in converting seawater into green materials [9]. - Future plans include establishing integrated "green factories" along coastal areas to continuously capture CO2 and convert it into green plastic raw materials, contributing to sustainable production models and supporting the "blue economy" [9].

Core Insights - The research team has made significant progress in the study of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries by developing an anion regulation technology that creates a new interface between the electrode and electrolyte, allowing lithium ions to flow actively and fill gaps automatically, thus overcoming a major bottleneck for practical applications of solid-state batteries [3][4] Group 1: Research Findings - The new interface formed by the introduction of iodine ions in the sulfide electrolyte allows for self-repairing capabilities, ensuring tight contact between the electrode and electrolyte without the need for external pressure [4] - The prototype batteries developed using this technology have shown stable and superior performance after hundreds of charge-discharge cycles under standard testing conditions, significantly surpassing existing similar batteries [4] Group 2: Industry Implications - This breakthrough is expected to accelerate the development of high-energy-density all-solid-state lithium metal batteries, with potential applications in humanoid robots, electric aviation, and electric vehicles, providing safer and more efficient energy solutions [4] - The new technology simplifies manufacturing processes and reduces material usage, with the potential to achieve energy densities exceeding 500 watt-hours per kilogram, potentially doubling the battery life of electronic devices [4]

Core Insights - The successful installation of the Dewar base, a critical component of the compact fusion energy experimental device (BEST), marks a significant breakthrough in the project's construction [1][2]. Group 1: Project Overview - The Dewar base is the first large vacuum component of the BEST main machine, with a complex design and hundreds of interfaces [1]. - It has a diameter of approximately 18 meters, a height of about 5 meters, and weighs over 400 tons, making it the heaviest component in the BEST system and the largest vacuum component in China's fusion field [1]. - The Dewar base supports nearly 7,000 tons and its installation precision is crucial for the stability and safety of the entire project [1]. Group 2: Technical Challenges and Solutions - The project team faced significant challenges, including high-precision forming and welding, millimeter-level deformation control, and high vacuum sealing [1]. - The installation required a high lifting precision, with surface level differences controlled within 15 millimeters and positional deviations not exceeding ±2 millimeters [1]. - The team developed a specialized lifting system and utilized multi-station laser tracking to monitor reference points and dynamically adjust the lifting posture, achieving millimeter-level precision in the installation [1]. Group 3: Future Plans - The successful delivery and installation of the Dewar base lays a solid foundation for the installation and debugging of subsequent core components of the BEST project [2]. - The BEST team aims to continue promoting the installation work of the device components to ensure the project's construction goals are met on time and with high quality [2].

Core Insights - The "Three Gorges Pioneer" is the world's first 16 MW floating wind turbine, marking a significant advancement in China's offshore wind power sector [1][3] - The project aims to harness wind energy in deep waters, where traditional fixed foundations are inadequate due to extreme environmental conditions [2][3] Group 1: Project Overview - The "Three Gorges Pioneer" has an annual power generation capacity of approximately 44.65 million kWh and is designed to withstand typhoons of up to level 17 [1] - The project represents a key initiative for China's offshore wind power development, focusing on deep-sea locations 70 kilometers offshore and over 50 meters deep [1] Group 2: Technological Innovations - The project employs a "resilience" concept, seeking dynamic balance rather than absolute stability in extreme conditions, integrating the wind turbine, floating body, and mooring system as a cohesive unit [2] - The transition from a rigid to a resilient design has resulted in a nearly 50% reduction in steel usage per MW and a 3% increase in annual power generation [2] Group 3: Industry Impact - The project addresses significant challenges such as tight construction windows, cost control pressures, and typhoon defense difficulties, showcasing a model for overcoming barriers in offshore wind energy [3] - The development of the "Three Gorges Pioneer" has established industry standards in floating wind power infrastructure, mooring systems, dynamic cables, and integrated design [4]