12月17日，大连船舶交通管理系统更新改造工程项目通过现场验收，成为国内首套正式交付使用的全国 产化VTS，这套仅用四个月建成的"海上天网"，国产化率达100%。这不仅是技术上的自主革新，更是 海上安全监管迈向智能化、国产化的重要一步。 繁忙的海上航道，成千上万艘船舶来来往往，却总能互不干扰、有序通行，这背后，藏着一套超给力的 海上智慧大脑——VTS（船舶交通管理系统）。 （文章来源：科技日报） 这是全国海事系统首例全信创、规模化应用的VTS项目，为行业推动关键技术自主创新提供了完整范 本。随着该系统投入运行，将有效助力水域船舶通航效率和海事监管能力提升，辽宁海事局将推动水上 安全监管向"精准预警、智能处置、高效协同"深化，守护渤海湾水上安全。 大连海事局办公室副主任黄瀚瑶向科技日报记者介绍，VTS堪称"国产化硬核担当"——核心采用完全自 主研发的国产化雷达及处理平台，从服务器等硬件设备，到所有软件系统，实现了全链条国产化替代， 真正做到技术自主可控、规模化应用，打破了对国外技术的依赖。 VTS接入辽宁19座雷达站及山东北隍城雷达信号，实现跨区域监控融合。老铁山水道、辽鲁客滚航线等 重点水域动态，一屏尽览。具 ...

记者18日从中国科学技术大学获悉，该校教授王亚和北京师范大学副教授王评合作，在量子多体系 统探测上取得重要进展。研究团队提出一种名为"多维关联压印"的全新方法，成功将难以直接观测的高 阶量子关联信息"编码"至一个局域量子探针的噪声信号中，从而实现对复杂量子系统内部关联的间接高 清探测。相关成果日前在线发表于《物理评论快报》。 理解量子多体系统的非平衡动力学是现代物理学的核心前沿。其中的关键在于探测系统内部粒子间 的高阶关联，尤其是量子纠缠。但对于缺乏单粒子独立操控能力的复杂系统的探测，一直是亟待解决的 难题。 这项研究为表征缺乏个体寻址能力的量子多体系统开辟了一条具有通用潜力的实验路径。它不仅适 用于基础物理研究，未来还有望应用于新型量子材料的表征，以及对日益复杂的量子模拟器的有效验 证，从而推动量子科技的发展。 （原载于《科技日报》 2025-12-19 01版） 此次研究团队开发的"多维关联压印"技术，其核心思想是将一个无法直接测量的复杂多体系统与一 个高度敏感的局域量子探针耦合。多体系统的复杂关联会作为独特的"印记"，"压印"在探针相对容易读 取的时间涨落频谱上。通过解读这些频谱"密码"，便能反推出系统 ...

Group 1: Renewable Energy Development - Global renewable energy, led by China, is rapidly growing, with solar and wind energy dominating the increase in power generation, surpassing fossil fuels in total output [2] - China is a key player in this transition, significantly expanding solar panel, wind turbine, and lithium battery storage systems, solidifying its global leadership [2] - The low-cost manufacturing in China has facilitated the rapid adoption of small rooftop photovoltaic systems, providing reliable and economical energy for millions of households in Europe, South Asia, and the Global South [2] Group 2: Genetic Research and Medical Advances - Customized gene editing has been successfully applied in treating a rare genetic disease in a human patient, marking a significant milestone for personalized gene therapy [3] - Two new drugs for gonorrhea have been approved by the FDA, representing the first new treatments for the disease in decades, with significant efficacy and safety profiles [4] - A key gene, QT12, has been identified by Chinese researchers to help rice withstand high nighttime temperatures, leading to a 78% increase in yield under such conditions [13] Group 3: Archaeological and Scientific Discoveries - The discovery of the Harbin ancient human remains has confirmed them as Denisovans, providing insights into their appearance and lineage [9] - The construction of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile will enable unprecedented astronomical observations, potentially leading to discoveries of new celestial bodies and insights into dark matter and energy [8] Group 4: Advances in Physics and Transplantation - The final measurement of the muon magnetic anomaly has achieved unprecedented precision, enhancing the understanding of particle physics [11] - Significant breakthroughs in xenotransplantation have been made, with genetically engineered pig organs showing extended viability in human patients, moving closer to clinical application [12] Group 5: AI in Scientific Research - Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in scientific research, achieving breakthroughs in mathematics, chemistry, and biology, thus enhancing research efficiency and discovery [10]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles highlights the significant advancements in brain-computer interface (BCI) technology in China, particularly its application in enhancing the quality of life for patients with severe disabilities [1][2] - A recent experiment demonstrated a paralyzed patient controlling an electric wheelchair and a robotic dog using an invasive brain-computer interface, marking a shift from basic interaction capabilities to real-world applications [1] - The research emphasizes the importance of addressing patients' multidimensional life needs, moving beyond mere functional restoration to enabling autonomy and social participation [1] Group 2 - China's development path in BCI technology is becoming clearer, with national guidelines and multi-departmental initiatives promoting ethical research and clinical application [2] - The collaborative model of "research-clinical-industry" is accelerating the translation of scientific discoveries into real-world benefits for patients [2] - Challenges remain in ensuring the long-term safety, system stability, and affordability of invasive BCIs, as well as improving the interpretation of neural signals and human-computer interaction [2]

Group 1: Renewable Energy Development - Global renewable energy, led by China, is rapidly growing, with solar and wind energy dominating the increase in power generation [2] - China's large-scale development of solar panels, wind turbines, and lithium battery storage systems has solidified its leading position in the global renewable energy market [2] - The proliferation of low-cost rooftop photovoltaic systems in China is providing reliable and economical energy solutions for millions of households in Europe, South Asia, and the Global South [2] Group 2: Genetic Research and Medical Advances - Customized gene editing has been successfully applied in clinical settings for the first time, paving the way for treatments of other rare diseases [3] - Two new drugs for gonorrhea have been approved by the FDA, marking the first new treatments for the disease in decades, with significant efficacy and safety profiles [4] - Research has shown that neurons can transfer mitochondria to cancer cells, enhancing their energy metabolism and promoting cancer metastasis, particularly in brain metastases [5] Group 3: Archaeological and Scientific Discoveries - The discovery of the Harbin ancient human remains has confirmed that they belong to the Denisovans, solving a long-standing mystery regarding their appearance [7] - The Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile will revolutionize astronomical observations by scanning the entire sky every three days for ten years, potentially discovering new celestial bodies and studying cosmic phenomena [6] Group 4: Advances in AI and Computational Research - Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in scientific research, achieving significant breakthroughs in mathematics and chemistry [8][9] - AI systems have rapidly identified new drug candidates for liver fibrosis and replicated complex biological mechanisms, showcasing the potential of AI in accelerating scientific discovery [9] Group 5: Transplantation Innovations - Key breakthroughs in xenotransplantation have been achieved, with genetically modified pig organs showing extended viability in human patients, bringing the field closer to clinical application [11] Group 6: Agricultural Biotechnology - Chinese researchers have identified the QT12 gene, which helps rice withstand high nighttime temperatures, leading to significant improvements in yield and quality under heat stress conditions [12]

Core Viewpoint - The "2025 Edition of Benchmark Levels and Baseline Levels for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Coal" has been jointly issued by six departments, replacing the 2022 version, to enhance energy efficiency and environmental standards in coal utilization [1][2] Group 1: Policy Updates - The new edition aims to improve the energy efficiency and pollution control levels in coal utilization, with a target to reduce the share of coal in total energy consumption from 56.7% in 2020 to 53.2% by 2024 [1] - The "2025 Edition" expands the scope of applicable areas, adding two new fields: coal-to-natural gas and coal-to-oil, in addition to the previously defined nine key areas [2] Group 2: Implementation Guidelines - New coal development projects and existing projects with conditions are encouraged to reach benchmark levels for clean and efficient utilization [2] - Existing projects that fall below the baseline levels are guided to undertake orderly upgrades for cleaner and more efficient coal utilization, with a focus on reducing pollution and carbon emissions [2] Group 3: Standards and Indicators - The "2025 Edition" revises the indicator levels based on the latest national standards and policies from the past three years, updating relevant indicators in areas such as coal-fired power generation and coal-based methanol [2] - The updated standards reflect new requirements and aim to strengthen regulatory constraints and guidance in the coal sector [2]

Group 1 - The air quality in Beijing is currently at a moderate pollution level, primarily due to PM2.5, with similar pollution observed in eastern China [1] - Since December 14, air quality has deteriorated in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas due to reduced wind, increased humidity, and temperature inversions [1][2] - The current pollution process is attributed to unfavorable meteorological conditions combined with high emissions from various industries, leading to the accumulation and transformation of pollutants [2] Group 2 - In the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the activity level in the thermal power and heating sector has increased by approximately 20 percentage points compared to pre-heating season levels [2] - Key industries such as steel, petrochemicals, and construction are maintaining high operational levels, contributing to persistent PM2.5 pollution [2] - The proportion of nitrates in PM2.5 has exceeded 30%, indicating that emissions from key industries and diesel vehicles are significant contributors to pollution [2] Group 3 - In response to the pollution, 86 cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and central Yangtze River regions have activated early warning responses [2] - Specific measures include differentiated control strategies for industrial enterprises based on environmental performance, such as production halts and emission limits [2] - In Hubei province, nitrogen oxide emissions from industrial sources decreased by 10.1% as part of the coordinated response to pollution [3] Group 4 - Air quality in cities like Ezhou, Xiangyang, and Suizhou improved from heavy to moderate pollution levels by December 18 [3] - Public health recommendations include minimizing outdoor activities and using public transportation to reduce traffic emissions during poor air quality [3] - Air quality is expected to gradually improve in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region starting December 20, with further improvements in the Yangtze River Delta and central Yangtze River regions on December 21 [3]

Core Insights - A study from the University of Washington indicates that AI systems can learn and internalize cultural values by observing human behavior within specific cultures, providing new insights into AI's cross-cultural adaptation challenges [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - The current training of AI typically relies on large-scale internet data, which often contains culturally biased values, leading to inconsistent performance across different cultural backgrounds [1] - The research team employed a method of "observational learning," allowing AI to absorb values from specific cultural groups rather than being programmed with a universal set of principles [1][2] - An experiment involving 190 adults showed that participants exhibited more altruistic behavior when interacting with an AI agent during a collaborative task, suggesting that AI can learn social behaviors through observation [1] Group 2: Methodology and Implications - AI agents utilized "inverse reinforcement learning" to infer the behavioral goals and intrinsic values of the observed group, successfully applying learned altruistic tendencies to new scenarios, such as donation tasks [2] - The study draws parallels between AI learning and children's learning processes, emphasizing that values are often "captured" rather than "taught" [2] - The research highlights the importance of creating culturally adaptive AI that can understand different perspectives, which is a significant challenge in today's society [2]

Group 1: Renewable Energy Development - Global renewable energy, led by China, is rapidly growing, with solar and wind energy dominating the increase in power generation, surpassing fossil fuels in total output [2] - China is a key player in this transition, significantly expanding solar panel, wind turbine, and lithium battery storage systems, solidifying its global leadership [2] - The low-cost manufacturing in China has facilitated the rapid adoption of small rooftop photovoltaic systems, providing reliable and economical energy to millions of households in Europe, South Asia, and the Global South [2] Group 2: Genetic Research and Medical Advances - Customized gene editing has been successfully applied in treating a rare genetic disease in a human patient, marking a significant milestone for personalized gene therapy [3] - Two new drugs for gonorrhea have been approved by the FDA, representing the first new treatments for the disease in decades, with significant efficacy and safety profiles [4] - Research has shown that neurons can transfer mitochondria to cancer cells, enhancing their energy metabolism and promoting cancer metastasis, particularly in brain metastases [5] Group 3: Archaeological and Scientific Discoveries - The discovery of ancient human remains in Harbin has confirmed that they belong to Denisovans, providing insights into the appearance of this ancient human species [7] - The construction of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile will enable unprecedented astronomical observations, potentially discovering new celestial bodies and studying cosmic phenomena [6] Group 4: Agricultural Innovations - A key gene, QT12, has been identified by Chinese researchers that helps rice withstand high nighttime temperatures, leading to significant improvements in yield and quality under heat stress [12] - The introduction of this gene into commercial rice varieties has resulted in a 78% increase in yield under high-temperature conditions, with potential applications in other staple crops [12] Group 5: Advances in Physics and Technology - The final measurement of the muon magnetic anomaly has achieved unprecedented precision, surpassing previous records and highlighting the importance of lattice quantum chromodynamics in particle physics research [10] - Breakthroughs in xenotransplantation have been made, with genetically modified pig organs showing extended viability in human patients, bringing the field closer to clinical application [11] Group 6: AI in Scientific Research - Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in scientific research, achieving significant advancements in mathematics and biology, including the discovery of new drug candidates and solving long-standing problems [8][9]

Core Insights - The National Natural Science Foundation of China has officially launched the pilot program for major non-consensus projects, focusing on high-risk, high-value basic research [1][2] - The first batch of projects will explore new particle detection in atomic nucleus transitions, synthetic artificial cells, and the generation mechanisms of early solar system particles [1] - A unique selection process involving deep interactive discussions and expert committee deliberations was employed during the project selection meeting [1] Group 1 - The pilot program for major non-consensus projects aims to support significant, controversial, and high-risk original research [1] - The selection meeting featured six projects, allowing for unrestricted discussion time to facilitate in-depth exchanges between project teams and experts [1] - The expert committee engaged in rigorous debates regarding the scientific significance, technical value, and implementation risks of the proposed projects [1] Group 2 - The funding model for major non-consensus projects is designed to be flexible, allowing applicants to choose funding duration based on research needs [2] - The funding will be provided in stages, with increasing intensity based on the project's progress and potential for breakthroughs [2] - The National Natural Science Foundation aims to continuously optimize the selection mechanism to foster a favorable research ecosystem for original innovation [2]