据最新一期《先进材料》杂志报道，瑞典查尔姆斯理工大学研究人员在开发新型层状磁性材料方面取得 突破。他们研发出一种原子级厚度的二维材料，能够使铁磁性和反铁磁性在材料结构中共存，从而将存 储器的能耗降低至原来的约十分之一。这一发现可能为人工智能、移动技术和高级数据处理带来新一代 超高效、可靠存储方案。 随着数字数据量呈指数增长，未来几十年内，数据存储、处理和传输或将占全球能源消耗的近30%。这 一趋势迫使科研人员寻找更加节能的存储技术，同时探索全新的技术可能性。磁性在数字存储技术发展 中已成为关键因素。利用磁性材料中电子在外部磁场和电流作用下的行为，人们可以设计更快、更小且 更节能的存储芯片。 通常存在两种基本磁性状态，即铁磁性和反铁磁性。将这两种相反磁性结合，既具有科学研究价值，也 能为计算机存储和传感器提供技术优势。然而，在此前的存储器材料中，这种共存只能通过堆叠不同铁 磁和反铁磁材料的多层结构实现。 此次研究的突破在于，将铁磁性和反铁磁性整合到单一的二维晶体结构中，实现了电子方向切换的倾斜 磁性。这种设计使电子能够快速、轻松地切换方向，无需外部磁场，从而将存储器能耗降低至约原来的 十分之一。 这种材料由钴、 ...

英国格拉斯哥大学科学家借助人工智能技术，构建了迄今最全面的人与动物病毒蛋白结构预测数据库 ——Viro3D。相关研究成果已发表于最新一期《分子系统生物学》杂志。 尽管AI技术的不断进步催生了如"阿尔法折叠"等通用蛋白结构数据库，但病毒蛋白结构预测工作仍相对 滞后，仅有少量数据被收录。目前，科学家对病毒关键蛋白结构的解析仍依赖耗时费力的实验方法，这 严重制约了快速研发疫苗和药物的能力。 为加速这一进程，研究团队构建了涵盖数千种人与动物病毒蛋白的新型数据库。Viro3D收录了来自4000 多种人与动物病毒的8.5万种蛋白的高质量结构模型，是目前规模最大的人与动物病毒完整结构数据 库，将现有相关领域知识扩展了30倍。 团队预计，Viro3D将开启病毒研究新纪元，加快针对肝炎、艾滋病、新冠肺炎等现有流行病毒，及新发 传染病病毒的对抗药物与相关疫苗的研发进程。团队表示，这一智能数据库将免费开放，为科学家提供 全新视角，帮助他们快速解析病毒的起源与演化路径，从而加速药物与疫苗的研发进程。 （文章来源：科技日报） ...

（文章来源：科技日报） 美国弗吉尼亚大学工程与应用科学学院研究团队从自然界水黾等水生昆虫身上获得灵感，利用新型薄 膜，研制出两款能在"水上漂"的机器人原型装置。研究成果发表于新一期《科学进展》杂志。 新研制的两款装置各具特色：一款名为"HydroFlexor"，能通过模拟鱼类的鳍状运动实现推进；另一款 名为"HydroBuckler"，可仿效水黾的划行动作，以独特的弯曲姿态在水面"漫步"。 要让机器人实现水面漂浮与运动，必须配备超薄的柔性特种薄膜。传统制作工艺需在玻璃等刚性基底上 加工薄膜，再转移至水面，此过程极易导致薄膜破损。而新技术实现了在液面上直接制造薄膜——团队 先将液态聚合物油墨滴注于水面，待其自然扩散形成超薄无缝膜层，再通过激光切割技术，直接在水面 塑造出机器人的肢体与躯干轮廓。 这些特殊薄膜采用双层复合结构，当受到外部红外线照射时，因两层材料热膨胀率差异会产生弯曲形 变，从而将热能转化为驱动力。 这一技术不仅规避了柔性材料制造中棘手的转移破损难题，更打通了从薄膜制备到结构成型的全流程， 为在液态环境中直接构建功能型柔性器件开辟了新途径。而且，这项突破性技术兼具广泛适用性与可扩 展性：既能适配多种 ...

日本东京科学大学团队在量子纠错技术方面取得重要突破：开发出一种高效且可扩展的量子低密度奇偶 校验（LDPC）纠错码，在包含数十万个逻辑量子比特的系统中仍保持极高的稳定性，性能接近理论界 限。这一成果为实现大规模容错量子计算提供了关键技术支撑，有望推动量子计算机在量子化学、密码 分析和复杂优化等领域的实际应用。 目前，量子计算机已能操控数十个量子比特，但要解决具有现实意义的问题，往往需要数百万甚至更多 稳定可靠的逻辑量子比特。由于量子态极为脆弱，易受到环境干扰而产生错误，且错误会随系统规模扩 大而迅速累积，因此必须依赖高效的纠错机制来维持计算的准确性。然而，现有的量子纠错方法普遍存 在资源消耗大、效率低的问题，通常需用大量物理量子比特编码出少量逻辑量子比特，严重制约了系统 的扩展能力。 更深层次的挑战在于，许多现有纠错码存在编码率低、性能提升空间有限等问题。此外，在高精度运行 区域常出现性能停滞，与理论上可达到的最佳纠错极限——即哈希界限，仍有较大差距。同时，多数方 案在完成主解码后还需进行复杂的后续处理，进一步增加了运算负担。 （文章来源：科技日报） 此次团队成功克服了这些难题。他们提出了一种新的构造方法，首 ...

Core Insights - In 2024, China's total research and development (R&D) expenditure reached 36,326.8 billion yuan, marking an increase of 2,969.7 billion yuan or 8.9% from the previous year [1] - The R&D expenditure intensity, measured as a percentage of GDP, rose to 2.69%, up by 0.11 percentage points year-on-year [1] - The average R&D funding per full-time researcher was 480,000 yuan, an increase of 19,000 yuan from the previous year [1] R&D Expenditure by Activity Type - Basic research funding amounted to 2,500.9 billion yuan, reflecting a growth of 10.7% [1] - Applied research funding reached 4,305.5 billion yuan, increasing by 17.6% [1] - Experimental development funding was 29,520.4 billion yuan, with a growth rate of 7.6% [1] - The proportion of basic research funding increased to 6.88%, up by 0.11 percentage points [1] R&D Expenditure by Entity - R&D funding from enterprises totaled 28,211.6 billion yuan, an increase of 8.8% [2] - Government research institutions contributed 4,231.6 billion yuan, growing by 9.7% [2] - Higher education institutions accounted for 3,065.5 billion yuan, with an increase of 11.3% [2] - The share of funding from enterprises, government research institutions, and higher education institutions was 77.7%, 11.6%, and 8.4%, respectively [2] R&D Expenditure by Industry - R&D expenditure in high-tech manufacturing industries reached 7,668.9 billion yuan, growing by 10.2% [2] - The R&D expenditure intensity in these industries was 3.35%, up by 0.24 percentage points [2] - Eight industry categories in large-scale industrial enterprises had R&D expenditures exceeding 100 billion yuan, accounting for 68.2% of total R&D spending in large-scale industrial enterprises [2] R&D Expenditure by Region - Six provinces (or municipalities) had R&D expenditures exceeding 200 billion yuan: Guangdong (5,099.6 billion yuan), Jiangsu (4,597.5 billion yuan), Beijing (3,278.4 billion yuan), Zhejiang (2,901.4 billion yuan), Shandong (2,597.3 billion yuan), and Shanghai (2,343.7 billion yuan) [3] - Seven provinces (or municipalities) had R&D expenditure intensity above the national average, with Beijing at 6.58% and Shanghai at 4.35% [3] National Fiscal Science and Technology Expenditure - National fiscal science and technology expenditure for 2024 was 12,629.2 billion yuan, an increase of 633.3 billion yuan or 5.3% from the previous year [3] - Central fiscal science and technology expenditure was 4,192.5 billion yuan, accounting for 33.2% of total national fiscal science and technology expenditure [3]

Core Insights - The launch of the fully automated container terminal at Shandong Port Rizhao marks a significant advancement in port automation technology, featuring the new generation of lightweight automated gantry cranes [1] - The new gantry cranes have reduced their main beam size from 3 meters to 2 meters, resulting in a weight reduction of 70 tons per unit, which translates to over 20% decrease in overall weight and more than 15% reduction in energy consumption [1][5] - The implementation of these cranes is expected to enhance operational efficiency and reduce costs, with a manufacturing cost saving of over 1 million yuan per unit and a lifecycle savings of 2 million yuan [5] Technological Advancements - The new gantry cranes utilize a composite structure design that combines a main beam with tension and compression rods, achieving a deflection ratio of 1/2400, ensuring strength while significantly reducing weight [5] - The equipment has achieved over 95% localization in its electrical control systems and key components, eliminating reliance on imported parts and significantly improving supply chain efficiency [9] - Innovations such as liquid cooling multi-drive technology and a lubrication-free system have been introduced, reducing operational energy consumption and maintenance costs by 40% [9] Operational Impact - The new cranes will increase the stacking capacity by over 7,000 TEUs, significantly enhancing the automation ratio of yard operations [9] - The company aims to integrate lightweight and intelligent technologies to optimize port operations, moving towards a more digital, intelligent, and green low-carbon "fifth-generation port" [9]

Core Insights - The collaboration between Georgia Institute of Technology and Vanderbilt University has led to the development of the world's first micro "lung chip" with an integrated immune system, which can actively defend against pathogens, potentially revolutionizing disease research and reducing reliance on animal testing [1][2] Group 1: Technological Breakthrough - The new lung chip is capable of simulating the immune response to infections, inflammation, and self-repair processes, overcoming previous technical challenges related to the survival and functionality of immune cells within the chip [1] - The chip demonstrated a highly similar immune response to human lungs during influenza virus attack experiments, accurately replicating the pathological processes [1] Group 2: Research Applications - This innovative lung chip opens new avenues for preclinical research, allowing for a deeper understanding of the interactions between immune responses and viral infections, as well as the evaluation of antiviral drug efficacy [2] - The chip can be utilized to study various diseases, including asthma, cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, and tuberculosis, and there are plans to integrate immune organs to simulate the collaboration between the lungs and the systemic immune system [2] Group 3: Future Goals - The long-term objective is to achieve personalized medicine by constructing chips using patients' own cells to predict the most effective treatment strategies [2]

Group 1 - The core theme of the 2025 "Open Cooperation Month" is "Technology as a Boat to Carry the World, Culture as a Rudder to Navigate the Future" [1] - The event will feature four main segments, including international technology conferences led by the China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) [1] - Key international conferences include the World New Energy Vehicle Conference, the Global Engineering Conference, and the World Youth Scientist Summit [1] Group 2 - The initiative aims to gather technological strengths from nearly 100 countries, focusing on areas such as artificial intelligence, integrated circuits, new energy, high-end equipment, biomedicine, and precision medicine [2] - Significant outcomes will include the release of initiatives like the "Digital Earth Sustainable Development Initiative" and the "Global Youth Science and Technology Talent Growth Initiative" [2] - Approximately 60 international science and technology exchange activities will take place across 15 provinces in China and five overseas countries, including France and Brazil [2]

这一成果的意义不仅在于速度的飞跃，更在于它展示了量子技术在传感、系统识别乃至机器学习等领域 的潜在应用价值。 一项由丹麦、美国、加拿大和韩国联合团队开展的国际合作研究，首次通过实验证明了量子技术在特定 任务中远超经典方法的能力，完成任务时间从2000万年缩短到15分钟，真正实现了"量子优势"。该成果 发表在新一期的《科学报告》上。 该研究为量子计量和量子传感开辟了新路径，也表明量子优势不再是纸上谈兵，它已经在实验室的光路 中悄然发生。（记者张梦然） 实验采用的是标准的光学元件和通信波段的光。团队制备了两束相互纠缠的压缩光，其中一束用于探测 目标系统，另一束作为参考。通过对这两束光进行联合测量，他们能够一次性提取出更多有效信息，显 著减少了测量模糊性。 结果令人震惊：原本需要约2000万年才能完成的系统表征任务，使用纠缠光仅用15分钟就完成了。这种 效率提升并非源于设备更精密，而是测量方式本身的量子优势。因为团队并没有依赖理想化的无损环 境，而是在一个现实、有损耗的系统中实现了这一突破。 研究的核心问题源于一个普遍存在的挑战：如何高效地了解一个复杂且充满噪声的物理系统。在传统方 法中，科学家需要反复测量系统，通 ...

Group 1: Innovation in Pharmaceuticals - China has made significant progress in innovative drug development, with the number of new drug approvals increasing from 4 in 2015 to 37 in 2024, and the proportion of first-in-class drugs rising from 4% to 38% [1] - Despite the advancements, challenges such as lack of original theories and technologies, intense competition, changing international environments, and payment system issues pose risks to sustainable industry growth [1][2] Group 2: Development of eVTOL Industry - The eVTOL industry in China is rapidly developing, currently leading globally, supported by the foundations laid by the aviation and new energy vehicle industries [2] - Key technological challenges include distributed propulsion aerodynamics, high-energy power sources, and safety control in complex environments, with a focus on smart technologies to enable autonomous flight [2] Group 3: Quantum Computing and Technology - The development of quantum technology is highlighted as a path for differentiation, with significant progress in solid-state quantum computing and scientific instrument research [3] - Emphasis is placed on the need for China to strengthen its independent research and development of scientific instruments to become a technological powerhouse [3] Group 4: Brain-Computer Interface Advancements - Brain-computer interfaces are categorized into brain control and brain modulation, with potential applications in aiding patients with movement disorders and treating mental health conditions [3] - Innovative non-invasive techniques are being explored to target specific brain areas for treatment, avoiding the side effects associated with traditional invasive surgeries [3] Group 5: Overall Technological Landscape - The reports from the four academicians reflect China's technological self-reliance and the competitive landscape of global technology [4] - Addressing the challenges is crucial for China to maintain a leading position in disruptive innovation and to secure control over technological advancements [4]