科技日报北京12月10日电 （记者张梦然）美国哥伦比亚大学、斯坦福大学及宾夕法尼亚大学研究 团队联合宣布，一种名为皮层生物界面系统（BISC）的全新脑机接口已经问世，展现出变革性的临床 潜力。这种脑机接口是一款如纸般轻薄的单芯片植入体，速度远快于当今最先进的脑机接口，可实现大 脑与人工智能（AI）的高速无线连接，为治疗多种神经系统疾病带来了新的曙光。相关论文发表在新 一期《自然·电子学》杂志上。 目前，团队正在开发BISC芯片的商业版本，旨在推动其在临床前及未来人类患者中的应用。 【总编辑圈点】 这项突破将脑机接口从笨重装置推向了轻薄的生物集成界面，重新定义了神经技术的可能性。其意 义远不止于技术参数的提升，更深远的是，它将大脑与AI的对话"带宽"提升到了全新量级，让人与机器 的融合，从"指令"迈向了"共生"。而当神经信号能如高清视频般实时流动，许多曾被视为不可逆的损 伤，如瘫痪、失语等，也将展现出被系统性逆转的曙光。这不仅是医疗革命，更是在重新绘制人与技术 的边界。 这一突破的核心在于，BISC能将复杂的电子设备高度集成于一块厚度仅为50微米、总体积约3立方 毫米的硅芯片上。不同于以往需要占据巨大颅内空间或 ...

Core Viewpoint - The successful launch of China's first dedicated power engineering remote sensing satellite, "Electric Power Engineering No. 1," aims to meet the growing demand for specialized remote sensing data in the power grid sector, enhancing construction management, operation, and disaster prevention capabilities [1][2]. Group 1: Satellite Features and Innovations - "Electric Power Engineering No. 1" features a spatial resolution better than 0.5 meters, allowing for precise observation of power grid infrastructure from over 500 kilometers above [1]. - The satellite innovatively implements continuous observation along the east-west direction, covering over 200 kilometers in a single pass, significantly improving monitoring efficiency for large-scale power transmission channels [1]. - It employs advanced "multi-angle stereoscopic imaging and intelligent fusion processing" technology for rapid decimeter-level 3D modeling, providing accurate quantitative assessment data for power grid planning and management [1]. Group 2: Economic Impact and Applications - The satellite is expected to enhance the precision of power transmission satellite surveys and line inspections by over five times, with efficiency improvements in inspections and disaster response nearly sevenfold [2]. - The comprehensive economic benefits from applications in large-scale power transmission line construction management, routine inspections, and disaster response are projected to exceed 1 billion yuan [2]. - A complete system has been established, integrating ground receiving stations and data processing centers, to create a remote sensing monitoring network for various applications, including high-voltage engineering management and disaster early warning [2].

记者12月7日从天津大学获悉，该校教授焦魁团队在氢燃料电池电极技术上取得重要突破。团队利用静 电纺丝技术将催化剂颗粒聚合成类似蚕丝的纳米纤维，层层"织"出新型电极。这种新型电极结构具有高 比表面积、高孔隙率和大孔径特点。相关论文日前发表于国际期刊《科学通报》。 与此同时，偏高的成本也是氢燃料电池大规模商业化的主要障碍。论文共同第一作者、天津大学副教授 樊林浩进一步介绍，目前，制备氢燃料电池会用到贵金属铂，减少铂用量的同时提高其性能和耐久性， 是降低氢燃料电池成本的重要方法。经验证，新型电极结构显著提升了铂利用率和物质传输效率，并能 有效抑制铂的溶解、沉积和离子扩散，使铂载量由现在商用产品的0.2—0.3克/千瓦降到0.1克/千瓦，且 表现出更为优异的耐久性。 此外，该新型纳米纤维电极不仅能够应用于燃料电池，在其他电化学装置领域也具备一定适用性。 （文章来源：科技日报） 氢能因高能量密度被认为是一种极具前景的清洁能源。在氢能技术中，质子交换膜燃料电池以其高功率 密度、零排放和快速响应等优势脱颖而出。但在氢燃料电池中，传统的电极通常由催化剂颗粒随机堆叠 而成，使用这种方法制备的电池电极质量传输阻力较大、催化剂利用 ...

Core Insights - The research team from Nanjing University, in collaboration with Renshuo Solar (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., has achieved significant breakthroughs in the production of perovskite solar cells, addressing challenges related to green solvent preparation and uniformity in film production [1][2] - Perovskite solar cells are recognized as a promising next-generation photovoltaic technology due to their low cost, high efficiency, low energy consumption, and flexible manufacturing capabilities, making them crucial for the green transition of energy structures [1] - The team has developed a mixed green solvent system and an innovative manufacturing process that enhances environmental friendliness during the production of perovskite photovoltaic components [1] Research and Development - The innovative mixed green solvent system consists of γ-valerolactone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, which contributes to the environmental sustainability of the manufacturing process [1] - To overcome the "edge effect" that leads to poor crystallization quality at the edges of large-area perovskite films, the team introduced a "solvent-limited edge protection" strategy, ensuring uniform solvent evaporation across different regions of the film [1] Commercialization and Performance - The research team successfully produced a commercial perovskite photovoltaic module measuring 0.72 square meters, achieving a steady-state power conversion efficiency of 17.2%, setting a world record for 2024 [2] - This advancement is seen as a critical step towards the commercialization of perovskite solar cells, with the technology currently operating stably on a 150 megawatt pilot production line [2]

据《物理评论快报》10日报道，英国牛津大学牵头的科学家团队首次观测到太阳中微子在地下探测器中 触发罕见核反应，使碳原子转化为氮原子。长期以来，中微子因几乎不与物质相互作用而难以被直接观 测，这次突破显示科学家已具备在极低能区间研究中微子—原子核相互作用的能力，为核物理和粒子物 理相关研究打开了新窗口。 中微子是宇宙中最神秘的粒子之一，中微子的直接探测长期以来一直是粒子物理领域的一大挑战。 此次实验依托深埋在加拿大萨德伯里地下约两千米处的SNO+中微子探测器。研究团队关注的是一种极 为罕见的相互作用，即高能太阳中微子撞击实验介质中的碳-13原子核，使其转变为放射性的氮-13。 氮-13会在约10分钟后发生衰变。为识别这一过程，团队采用了"延迟符合"探测方法，先捕捉中微子撞 击碳-13原子核时产生的瞬时闪光，再寻找数分钟后由氮-13放射性衰变产生的第二次闪光。两个信号在 时间上的明确关联，为区分真实中微子事件与背景噪声提供了可靠依据。 结果显示，在2022年5月4日至2023年6月29日的231天观测期内，实验共观测到约5.6个相关事件，与太 阳中微子理论预期产生的4.7个事件在统计上相符。这标志着科学家首次在实 ...

Core Insights - Wireless charging technology is transforming energy supply and management across various sectors, including healthcare, smart cities, space exploration, industrial robotics, automated transport systems, and electric vehicles [1][2] - The global wireless power market is projected to reach 96 billion RMB by 2026, tripling from 2021 levels, with China's industrial wireless charging market expected to be valued at 5.95 billion RMB by 2025 and growing at a CAGR of 16.66% from 2026 to 2033 [1] Group 1: Technological Advancements - Wireless charging eliminates the need for cables, simplifying energy transmission processes and allowing devices to charge seamlessly when in proximity to a power source [2] - The technology operates similarly to microwave ovens, transmitting energy over distances of 1 to 10 meters, which is particularly advantageous in medical implants and industrial settings where wired connections pose risks [2] - Advanced wireless charging systems utilize technologies like magnetic resonance and beamforming to reduce energy transmission losses and can integrate with renewable energy sources [2] Group 2: Innovative Applications - Indiana, USA, is set to showcase a wireless charging highway in 2024, enabling vehicles to charge while in motion, potentially increasing the adoption of electric vehicles [3] - Ossia's Cota adapter provides wireless charging for all USB devices, while Energous' WattUp technology can transmit power over 5 meters, supporting multiple devices simultaneously [3] - Wi-Charge's LIGHTS device uses infrared light for remote wireless charging, with applications in smart homes and wearable devices [3] Group 3: Challenges and Considerations - Despite its potential, wireless charging technology faces challenges, including concerns about electromagnetic radiation and its impact on human health, necessitating further research [4] - Technical limitations and cost constraints hinder the large-scale application of wireless charging systems, requiring precise engineering and optimization strategies [5] - The integration of wireless charging with existing infrastructure presents additional challenges for engineers [5]

Core Insights - A new brain-machine interface called the Cortical Interface System (BISC) has been developed by research teams from Columbia University, Stanford University, and the University of Pennsylvania, showcasing transformative clinical potential [1][2] - BISC is a single-chip implant that is only 50 micrometers thick and approximately 3 cubic millimeters in volume, allowing for a minimally invasive insertion through a small cranial incision, significantly reducing surgical trauma and tissue rejection risks [1] - The chip integrates 65,536 electrodes and features a wireless data link with a bandwidth of 100 megabytes per second, enabling real-time transmission of brain neural signals to external computers with at least 100 times the data throughput of existing devices [1] Application Impact - BISC's high bandwidth and minimally invasive characteristics are expected to have profound implications for neuroscience and clinical medicine, with potential applications in helping paralyzed patients regain control of limbs or external devices, enabling speech for those with aphasia, and restoring visual perception for the blind [2] - The system transforms the cortical surface into an effective "portal" for high-bandwidth communication between the brain and AI or external devices, potentially revolutionizing the management of neurological disorders from epilepsy to paralysis [2] Commercial Development - The research team is currently developing a commercial version of the BISC chip, aiming to advance its application in preclinical and future human patient settings [3]

Core Viewpoint - The successful launch of the Kuaizhou-1A rocket by China Aerospace YuHang marks a significant milestone in the commercial space industry, showcasing the effective collaboration between customs and the commercial satellite sector in Hainan Free Trade Port [1][2]. Group 1: Launch and Satellite Details - The Kuaizhou-1A rocket successfully launched on October 10, delivering the Nepal S2S small satellite into its designated orbit using a "one rocket, multiple satellites" approach [1]. - The satellite is designed for disaster observation and management, operating within amateur frequency bandwidth for detection and data transmission [1]. Group 2: Customs and Regulatory Framework - The satellite's entry into China was facilitated by a unique customs process, where it was brought in by a foreign traveler as cargo, marking the first instance of a commercial satellite entering the country in this manner [1][2]. - Haikou Customs developed an all-process customs clearance plan, providing detailed guidance on temporary import and export regulations, which enabled efficient entry and successful launch of the satellite [1]. Group 3: Policy and Industry Implications - The successful implementation of this customs model reflects the synergy between the policy advantages of Hainan Free Trade Port and the demands of the commercial space industry [2]. - Haikou Customs introduced eight targeted service measures and conducted three specialized research sessions to streamline the customs process for satellite clearance [1].

Core Viewpoint - The introduction of V-PON vehicle optical communication solutions by China Information Communication Technology Group's subsidiary, FiberHome Technologies, aims to address the data transmission challenges in smart vehicles, enhancing their functionality through fiber optic technology [1][2]. Group 1: Data Transmission Challenges - The increasing intelligence of connected vehicles necessitates the deployment of numerous sensors and display terminals, which significantly raises the demands for bandwidth and transmission speed within the vehicle [2]. - A single uncompressed 4K display in vehicles requires over 10G of bandwidth, and even compressed, it still needs between 2G to 4G, highlighting the inadequacy of traditional copper wiring in meeting these high demands [2]. Group 2: V-PON Optical Communication Solution - The V-PON solution utilizes passive optical network (PON) technology, commonly used in home fiber optic installations, to create a point-to-multipoint transmission architecture, connecting displays and cameras via fiber optics [2]. - This solution allows for simultaneous upstream and downstream high-speed transmission through a single cable, potentially reducing the required cable length and weight by up to 90%, aligning with the lightweight development needs of smart vehicles [2]. Group 3: Current Applications and Future Potential - Optical communication technologies have already been validated in certain scenarios, with bend-resistant optical cables passing internal tests by some automotive companies [3]. - The application of V-PON technology is expected to transform vehicles into multifunctional "embodied intelligent entities," enabling features such as personalized seat adjustments, automatic wiper adjustments based on weather, and real-time monitoring of vehicle conditions [4]. Group 4: Industry Significance - China has established a leading position in fiber access technology, achieving comprehensive autonomy in technology, chips, and standards, which supports the development of domestic automotive companies and reduces reliance on foreign technologies [5]. - The company plans to continue advancing automotive-grade optical communication technology, aiming for breakthroughs in core components like PON chips and optical cables, thereby enhancing the competitiveness of China's smart connected vehicles [5].

Core Insights - Recent international copper prices have reached historical highs, with LME copper futures showing a year-to-date increase of over 30%. Concerns about a "copper shortage" have arisen as global copper inventories have fallen below the critical level of 100,000 tons [1] Group 1: Importance of Copper - Copper is deemed "irreplaceable" during the industrial transformation due to its unique physical properties and its essential role in clean energy, digital economy, and high-end manufacturing [2] - The International Energy Agency's report indicates that each megawatt of onshore wind power requires 3-5 tons of copper, while solar projects need 4-5 tons. A pure electric vehicle uses about 80 kg of copper, which is 4-5 times that of traditional fuel vehicles [2] - The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development has classified copper as a "new strategic raw material," highlighting its critical role in various foundational sectors [2] Group 2: Supply and Demand Dynamics - There are approximately 558 operational copper mines globally, with a projected total capacity of 29.3 million tons by 2025. The global copper mine output is expected to reach 22.91 million tons in 2024, a year-on-year increase of 2.3% [4] - Despite the abundance of copper resources, the quality and accessibility of these resources are declining, with the average copper grade dropping from 1.3% in 2005 to 0.65% currently [4] - The International Energy Agency predicts a 2.5% increase in global copper consumption by 2026, with a projected supply gap of 30% by 2035, indicating a long-term supply-demand imbalance [4] Group 3: Technological Innovations in Copper Industry - Strategic emerging industries are becoming the main growth areas for copper consumption, with an expected consumption of 15.4 million tons in China by 2025, reflecting a growth rate of about 3% [5] - Chinese copper companies are focusing on technological breakthroughs, resource security, and recycling to address supply challenges, with initiatives supported by research and enterprise practices [6] - The implementation of "smart mining" through 5G and IoT technologies is expected to enhance mining efficiency by 20% and reduce energy consumption by 15% [6]