Company Overview - China Overseas Development Limited, a subsidiary of China State Construction Engineering Corporation, was founded in Hong Kong in 1979 and listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 1992 under the stock code 00688.HK. The company has over 46 years of experience in real estate development and property management, operating in more than 80 cities across mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, the UK, and Singapore. It possesses industry-leading capabilities in design, development, construction, operation, and property services, with three main business segments: real estate development, urban operation, and innovative business [1]. Carbon Neutrality Initiatives - In 2023, the company released the industry's first "Carbon Neutrality White Paper," establishing a strategic plan called "1333," focusing on "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality" as core objectives. The plan outlines three phases from 2025 to 2060, with a commitment to reduce carbon emissions intensity by over 30% per unit area by 2030 (based on 2019 levels) and striving for carbon neutrality by 2060. This initiative sets a benchmark for other companies in the industry, encouraging more enterprises to engage in green transformation [2]. Zero Carbon Building Projects - The company has laid out zero carbon building demonstration projects across major climate zones in China. In 2024, three projects, including Shenzhen China Overseas Building and Beijing China Overseas Financial Center, were selected as part of the first batch of zero carbon building projects in the country. The Shenzhen China Overseas Building, which began construction in December 2020, employs 11 energy-saving and carbon-reduction technologies, achieving a comprehensive energy-saving rate of 61% and receiving multiple certifications, including near-zero energy design certification and WELL Gold certification. The Beijing China Overseas Financial Center utilizes geothermal heat pumps and advanced HVAC systems, achieving a building energy-saving rate of 70% and a carbon reduction rate of 68%. The company has developed a cumulative area of 600,000 square meters of near-zero energy and zero carbon buildings, covering various sectors such as residential and commercial [3]. Expert Commentary - Experts note that China Overseas Development is seizing new opportunities in the market by focusing on zero carbon buildings and green communities, transforming sustainable concepts into powerful drivers for urban renewal and real estate growth [3].

Company Overview - TCL was founded in 1981, originally as TTK Household Appliance Ltd, and has expanded its business into semiconductor display and renewable energy photovoltaic sectors [1] - In 2019, TCL underwent an asset restructuring, splitting into TCL Technology Group Co., Ltd. (TCL Technology) and TCL Industrial Holdings Co., Ltd. (TCL Industrial) [1] - TCL Technology focuses on semiconductor displays and renewable energy photovoltaic industries, with TCL Huaxing becoming a leading global player in semiconductor displays [1] Climate Goals and Management - In 2023, TCL Technology publicly committed to achieving carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality in its operations by 2050 [2] - The company has established a climate change governance system led by the board, with a dedicated committee for strategic and sustainable development overseeing climate issues [2] Green Production and Certifications - TCL Technology has 13 products certified for ISO 14067 carbon footprint and 8 products certified under the French carbon footprint certification [3] - The company promotes zero waste to landfill management, with 10 subsidiaries receiving UL 2799A certification for waste management [3] Renewable Energy Initiatives - As of 2024, TCL Huaxing has installed a total photovoltaic capacity of 138.5 MW, generating 149,236 MWh of electricity [4] - The company purchased approximately 36,300 MWh of green electricity and 160,000 MWh of green certificates, totaling renewable energy usage of 343,909 MWh [4] - TCL Huaxing invested about 130 million RMB in energy-saving initiatives, achieving energy savings of 224,319 MWh and reducing carbon emissions by 115,446 tons [4] Expert Commentary - TCL's commitment to peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 demonstrates a long-term responsibility towards sustainability [5]

Company Overview - JinkoSolar Holding Co., Ltd. (stock code: 688223) strategically positions itself in the core segments of the photovoltaic industry, focusing on integrated research, manufacturing of photovoltaic products, and providing comprehensive clean energy solutions, serving approximately 4,000 customers across nearly 200 countries and regions [2] - The company has established a "vertically integrated" production capacity from silicon wafers, solar cells to module manufacturing, with over 10 global production bases in China, the USA, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East. By the end of 2025, JinkoSolar's design capacities for monocrystalline silicon wafers, cells, and modules are expected to reach 120 GW, 95 GW, and 130 GW respectively, maintaining industry leadership in N-type capacity [2] - JinkoSolar employs nearly 2,000 R&D and technical personnel, with over 4,400 patent applications and nearly 3,000 granted patents, making it one of the companies with the most patent applications and grants in the photovoltaic industry, including 467 patents related to N-type TOPCon technology [2] Sustainability Initiatives - In January 2025, the World Economic Forum's "Global Risks Report 2025" highlighted extreme weather events as a major short-term risk, prompting international cooperation in climate mitigation and adaptation [3] - JinkoSolar integrates sustainable development concepts into supply chain management, establishing clear regulations for supplier admission, classification, performance evaluation, and elimination, with environmental compliance and management system certification as core indicators [3] - In 2023, JinkoSolar passed the SBTi's three major target assessments, setting a reduction path for Scope 3 emissions: by 2032, it aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions intensity from purchased goods and services related to photovoltaic products by 58.2% from 2022 levels, and by 2050, a 97% reduction is targeted [3] Supplier Management - JinkoSolar has developed a "two-party + three-party, online + offline" audit system, completing 44 on-site audits and 69 online audits of key suppliers in 2024, ensuring a 100% signing rate of the "Supply Chain Partner Code of Conduct" [4] - The company identifies major risks and improvement opportunities through comprehensive audits and requires suppliers to propose improvement plans for significant risks [5] - In 2024, JinkoSolar provided ESG-specific guidance to 113 key suppliers, representing 90% of total procurement, embedding environmental and occupational health safety clauses in procurement contracts, and incentivizing suppliers with strong ESG performance through enhanced business cooperation and recognition [5] Leadership and Impact - JinkoSolar's leadership emphasizes the construction of a green supply chain system, with the Risk Compliance and ESG Management Committee overseeing sustainable supplier development, integrating greenhouse gas management into new supplier admission and daily management processes [5] - The company has made significant achievements in environmental sustainability, being the first photovoltaic company globally to complete all SBTi target assessments, actively promoting "zero-carbon factory" initiatives, and facilitating photovoltaic projects in regions such as the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia, setting a new benchmark for green development in the photovoltaic industry [5]

Core Viewpoint - The recent appointment of three new fund managers to join Liu Peng in managing three funds at China International Fund Management is seen as a potential sign of Liu Peng's impending departure from the company [2][5]. Group 1: Fund Management Changes - Liu Peng has had three new fund managers, Xu Jiacheng, Guo Ruo, and Zhou Shanshan, join him in managing the funds, transitioning all products he manages to a co-management model [2][4]. - Liu Peng's representative product, the China International Advanced Manufacturing Mixed Fund A, achieved a return rate of 202.29% during his management period [2][4]. - The newly appointed fund managers have diverse expertise, with Xu focusing on pharmaceuticals, Guo on advanced manufacturing, and Zhou having over 17 years of experience in mixed asset and separate account management [4]. Group 2: Company Performance and Challenges - As of September 20, Liu Peng managed a total fund asset size of 9.125 billion yuan, with significant returns on various funds he managed [4]. - The company is facing challenges due to the departure of key fund managers and pressure on its management scale, with net assets showing a downward trend from 552.032 billion yuan in mid-2024 to 496.678 billion yuan by mid-2025 [5][6]. - The public fund industry has seen increased talent mobility, with the departure of star fund managers impacting fund sizes and requiring companies to enhance the stability of their investment research teams [7].

文/华夏ESG观察联盟 在循环经济方面：蒙牛面向消费者开展的回收再生活动覆盖了 27 座城市，活动参与人数近 10万人，成 功回收乳制品包装约20,000千克；共有13家工厂获评"无废工厂"示范单位，8家工厂通过了"零填埋工 厂"认证。 蒙牛宁夏工厂，获得世界经济论坛认证的"灯塔工厂"认证，通过全流程智能化改造与能源管理创新，实 现生产效率与能源效率的双重突破。宁夏工厂办公楼项目较其他同类建筑能够实现降碳 20%- 40%，年 降碳约2,000吨，并荣获由美国绿色建筑委员会颁发的LEED 绿色建筑金级认证。在运营端，蒙牛宁夏 工厂运用智慧能源系统，优化设备数量，减少异常损耗，能源消耗整体降低43%，应用磁悬浮、智能包 装控制、智能装车等技术，创建智慧黑灯实验室，建立乳业黑灯物料库房，实现生产流程的高度集成与 自动化和能源高效利用的结合。 专家点评：13家工厂获评 "无废工厂"，8家通过 "零填埋" 认证，累计光伏装机超28MW。以绿色工厂为 核心，全链条循环经济为支撑，将低碳理念贯穿生产全流程，推动行业系统化降耗升级，引领行业绿色 高质量发展。（何继江-清华大学） 实践案例 蒙牛承诺 2050 年实现全产业链 ...

Company Overview - Siemens AG, headquartered in Berlin and Munich, focuses on technology in industrial, infrastructure, transportation, and healthcare sectors, actively promoting the application of artificial intelligence, including generative AI, to facilitate digital and sustainable transformation for clients [2] Sustainability Commitment - Siemens is one of the first large tech companies to commit to carbon neutrality by 2030 in its operations, aiming to reduce its actual CO2 emissions by 55% by the end of fiscal year 2025 and approximately 90% by fiscal year 2030 [3] - To achieve these goals, Siemens announced an investment of €650 million for decarbonization, particularly in the research and application of related technologies [3] DEGREE Strategy Framework - In June 2021, Siemens launched a comprehensive sustainability framework called the DEGREE strategy, which includes Decarbonization, Ethics, Governance, Resource Efficiency, Equity, and Employability, with strict and measurable key performance indicators [4] - Siemens officially launched the EcoTech declaration for the Chinese market at the first Siemens Sustainability Forum in June 2024, providing comparable performance information for EcoTech-certified products throughout their lifecycle [4] Green Factory Initiatives - Siemens has 11 factories recognized as national green factories by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, with the Chengdu factory being named a global "Sustainable Lighthouse Factory" [4] - The company has established a carbon reduction information management system covering nearly 7,000 suppliers, integrating low-carbon indicators into key project procurement decisions [4] Digital Factory Achievements - The Chengdu digital factory achieved a 92% increase in output while reducing unit product energy consumption by 24% and waste per product by 48%, demonstrating a win-win in economic and environmental benefits [4] - The Nanjing digital factory reduced planning and operational time by nearly one-third compared to traditional factory planning, with an annual reduction of approximately 3,300 tons of carbon emissions [5] Client Collaboration for Carbon Reduction - Siemens assisted the Rockwell Automation (Jinan) factory in achieving an expected annual reduction of nearly 600 tons of CO2 emissions, achieving 100% carbon offset through renewable energy [5] - Collaborations with companies like HeSteel and Mengniu have led to the establishment of green intelligent steel plants and significant reductions in production costs and energy consumption [5] Expert Commentary - Siemens has reduced its operational carbon emissions by 50% compared to fiscal year 2019 and has empowered clients to reduce carbon emissions by approximately 190 million tons in fiscal year 2023 through relevant technologies [6]

Company Overview - Danfoss, founded in 1933, is one of Denmark's largest global industrial groups, employing approximately 40,000 people and operating 100 factories worldwide, serving customers in over 100 countries [2] - The company provides solutions in various fields including refrigeration, air conditioning, heating, power conversion, motor control, industrial machinery, automotive, shipping, and both on-road and off-road vehicles [2] - In China, Danfoss has nearly 5,000 employees and ranks second in various regional markets, with 12 production bases established over nearly 30 years, and four factories recognized as national "green factories" [2] - Danfoss aims to achieve carbon neutrality for all its Chinese factories by 2027 [2] Strategic Developments - With the advancement of China's "dual carbon" strategy, Danfoss has experienced unprecedented growth, becoming the second-largest regional sales market and the largest procurement market for the company globally [3] - The company is expanding its investments in China, including the establishment of two electrification production lines in Nanjing to support energy efficiency in new energy, high-end manufacturing, and green infrastructure [3] - In 2023, Danfoss opened a research and testing center for scroll compressors in Tianjin, enhancing its innovation and service capabilities in environmentally friendly refrigerants and energy-saving cooling technologies [3] - The second phase of Danfoss's Haiyan facility is set to commence operations in September 2024, becoming the largest production base globally, focusing on key products such as variable frequency drives, heat exchangers, and magnetic levitation compressors [3] Business Growth and Projects - Since the introduction of China's "dual carbon" goals, Danfoss's business in China has nearly doubled, collaborating with clients on numerous projects [4] - For instance, Danfoss provided high-efficiency solutions for the HVAC system of the T3B terminal at Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport, including 365 sets of specialized variable frequency drives and harmonic filters [4] - In the energy-efficient building sector, Danfoss contributed core direct current distribution solutions for the "green" zero-carbon building in Zhuhai, Guangdong, which is one of the first carbon-neutral pilot projects in the province [4] - The solutions provided by Danfoss support the construction of a 750V direct current grid, ensuring quick isolation and continuous power supply during faults, thus aiding in digital energy management and efficient photovoltaic utilization [4] Expert Commentary - Danfoss exemplifies how to transform the "dual carbon" goals into a new growth engine through green innovation, from factory carbon neutrality to win-win scenarios across the industrial chain [4]

Company Overview - China Merchants Shekou Industrial Zone Holdings Co., Ltd. (referred to as "Shekou") was established in 1979 and is a comprehensive urban and park development service provider [1] - As the flagship enterprise of the real estate and park sector under China Merchants Group, the company provides integrated solutions for urban development and industrial upgrading [1] - As of the end of 2024, Shekou's total assets amount to 860.309 billion yuan, with operations covering over 100 cities and regions globally, serving more than 10 million customers [1] Sustainable Practices - Shekou is committed to preserving the original natural ecology of green spaces, prioritizing the protection of water sources, arable land, forest land, and urban green spaces [2] - The company responds to international initiatives such as the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), aiming to achieve biodiversity protection and sustainable use in its core business activities [2] Community Engagement Project - The "Little Ecological Engineer" volunteer project is an innovative community ecological initiative launched in collaboration with Harbin Institute of Technology, supported by Shekou's volunteer program [2] - The project, planned to start in 2025, will guide local youth in understanding, designing, and building habitat gardens, integrating ecological elements with community service [2] - The core component, the habitat garden, will serve multiple functions including wildlife habitat, recreation, carbon sequestration, rainwater management, natural education, and health benefits [2] Educational and Economic Benefits - The project involves youth in community ecological construction, extending environmental education from the classroom to practical applications, fostering ecological awareness across generations [3] - Utilizing existing green spaces in the Whale Mountain Villa community reduces costs related to land and materials, while deep community involvement lowers labor costs [3] - The rainwater management feature of the habitat garden can reduce maintenance costs for community drainage systems, enhancing community cohesion, brand recognition, and asset value, thus converting ecological benefits into economic value [3] Expert Commentary - Shekou has demonstrated excellence in green and environmentally friendly practices, accelerating the construction of low-carbon buildings and contributing positively to urban sustainable development [4]

Company Overview - Tongwei Co., Ltd. was established in 1995 and is headquartered in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, controlled by Tongwei Group Co., Ltd. It has developed into a key national enterprise in agricultural industrialization, a major global producer of aquatic feed, high-purity crystalline silicon, and a leading manufacturer of crystalline silicon solar cells [2] - As of December 2024, the company operates over 200 subsidiaries worldwide, employs nearly 60,000 people, and has an annual feed production capacity exceeding 10 million tons. The annual production capacity of high-purity silicon exceeds 900,000 tons, with solar cell capacity exceeding 150 GW and module capacity over 90 GW. The company has developed 56 photovoltaic power stations based on the "fishing-solar integration" model, with a cumulative installed capacity of 4.67 GW [2] Supply Chain Management - Tongwei Co., Ltd. views supply chain management as a core pillar of sustainable development, aiming to create an equal, respectful, transparent, and collaborative environment to promote environmentally friendly, socially inclusive, and well-governed development goals [3] - The company strictly adheres to domestic laws such as the Environmental Protection Law and Labor Law, as well as international standards like RBA Code of Conduct and ILO conventions. By 2024, the signing rate of social responsibility commitment letters and compliance letters among major raw material suppliers in the photovoltaic manufacturing sector reached 100%, achieving full compliance coverage [3] ESG Risk Management - The company has established an ESG risk management mechanism throughout the supplier lifecycle, including key indicator audits for environmental management and labor rights during the admission phase, implementing a "zero tolerance clause" for non-compliance. During the cooperation period, a dual-dimensional tracking system for EHS and ESG is employed to dynamically monitor sustainable development performance [3] - For non-compliance issues, a closed-loop management process is executed, requiring a "7-day rectification plan submission + 3-month improvement deadline," ensuring that ESG risks in the supply chain are controllable and traceable throughout the process [3] Certification and Compliance - Tongwei Co., Ltd. has built a full-process traceability capability from photovoltaic modules to silicon mines, verified by independent third-party audits (STS Senergy, TÜV Rheinland). The company became the first to pass TÜV Rheinland's audit with an A-level or above rating across all processes, with the highest AA-level certification for modules, wafers, rods, and silicon materials [4] - In the field of conflict mineral management, the company strictly follows the UN Global Compact and OECD guidelines, actively promoting suppliers to complete the CMRT conflict mineral survey to ensure the legality and compliance of raw material sources from the outset [4] Sustainable Development Initiatives - In 2025, at the German Photovoltaic Exhibition, Tongwei Co., Ltd. officially launched the "Global Sustainable Partner Program," aimed at global suppliers, channel partners, end customers, industry associations, and certification bodies, focusing on green supply chain collaboration, information platform integration, and public welfare cooperation to build a long-term win-win green development ecosystem [4] Expert Commentary - Experts highlight Tongwei Co., Ltd.'s outstanding performance in supply chain responsibility, noting the establishment of an internal management mechanism for supply chain traceability, which has achieved traceability capabilities from components to silicon mines. The signing rate of social responsibility commitment letters among major raw material suppliers in the photovoltaic manufacturing sector has reached 100%, demonstrating strong supply chain management capabilities [5]

Core Viewpoint - The company, Kangtai Biological, is facing its most challenging period since its listing, with significant declines in net profit and profitability despite a revenue increase [2][3]. Financial Performance - In the first half of 2025, Kangtai Biological reported total revenue of 1.392 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 15.81% [3]. - The net profit attributable to shareholders was only 37.53 million yuan, a dramatic decline of 77.30% compared to the previous year [3]. - The company's non-recurring net profit was 18 million yuan, down 84.85% year-on-year [2][3]. - The gross profit margin decreased by 7.83 percentage points to 75.95%, while the net profit margin fell from 13.76% to 2.70% [3]. - This performance marks the lowest half-year net profit since the company went public [3]. Stock Performance - As of September 19, 2025, Kangtai Biological's stock price plummeted nearly 90% from 149.64 yuan per share on August 4, 2020, to 17.17 yuan per share [5]. - Despite a general rise in the pharmaceutical industry, Kangtai's stock price only increased by 0.74% from the beginning of the year to September 20, while the Wind Pharmaceutical Index rose by 31.5% [5]. Market Challenges - The company faces multiple challenges, including market saturation and intensified competition for its core products, which hinder market share growth [7]. - Operational inefficiencies, such as suboptimal production processes and poor cost control, are impacting profitability and operational efficiency [8]. - Strategic misalignments in market positioning and product development may have prevented the company from adapting to market changes [8]. Industry Factors - The decline in birth rates has significantly affected the vaccine market, reducing the potential vaccination population [9]. - The waning demand for COVID-19 vaccines has led to excess production capacity and declining performance for many vaccine companies, including Kangtai [9]. - Price reduction policies in the industry have compressed profit margins, making it increasingly difficult for companies to maintain profitability [9]. Product Performance - Kangtai's first-class vaccines (immunization planning vaccines) saw a revenue increase of 92% to 51.65 million yuan, but the gross margin plummeted by 37.5 percentage points to -5.01% [11]. - The decline in profitability for first-class vaccines is attributed to price reductions from centralized procurement policies and rising production costs [11][12]. - The second-class vaccines (non-immunization planning vaccines) experienced a revenue increase of 1.3 billion yuan, but the gross margin fell by 5.48 percentage points to 80.32%, indicating a "revenue increase without profit increase" scenario [15]. Competitive Landscape - The market for the 13-valent pneumonia vaccine has become highly competitive, with Kangtai's sales volume declining by 44.31% in the first half of 2025 [17]. - The company faces challenges from new entrants and established competitors, which have intensified price competition [18].