Group 1 - The article emphasizes the importance of addressing climate change and highlights China's commitment to global environmental governance through the implementation of the "National Plan" for HFCs management [1][2] - The automotive industry is identified as a significant sector for HFCs usage, particularly in vehicle thermal management systems, and is urged to adopt HFCs reduction and replacement strategies [2][3] Group 2 - The "National Plan" sets clear targets and action plans for HFCs management, including a ban on new applications for M1 vehicle air conditioning systems using refrigerants with a GWP greater than 150 starting July 1, 2029 [3] - The automotive industry is encouraged to accelerate the research and application of alternative technologies for HFCs, especially in electric vehicle thermal management systems [3][4] Group 3 - The establishment of policies, regulations, and standards is deemed essential for achieving HFCs reduction goals, with the automotive industry expected to collaborate with government departments to create a comprehensive management system [4] - International cooperation and exchange are highlighted as vital for sharing best practices and contributing to global HFCs reduction efforts [4][5] Group 4 - The automotive industry association aims to strengthen its role as a bridge between the government and enterprises, promoting collaboration and awareness of the "National Plan" [5][6] - Training and educational initiatives will be organized to enhance the industry's capacity for HFCs reduction and replacement [5][6]

Core Viewpoint - The national unified carbon market has established a dual-driven structure of mandatory carbon market and voluntary carbon market, with continuous expansion in trading scale and the development of a governance system where "carbon emissions have costs, and carbon reductions have benefits" [1] Group 1: Current Market Structure - The carbon market has developed into a dual structure consisting of a mandatory carbon emissions trading market and a voluntary greenhouse gas reduction trading market [1] - The trading scale is continuously expanding, indicating a growing demand for professional services related to carbon markets [1] Group 2: Challenges in Professional Services - Market demand has not been fully released due to limited coverage of the mandatory carbon market and a lack of strong willingness among enterprises to manage quotas effectively [2] - There is an uneven development of professional services, with some areas like calibration and verification being more mature than others such as carbon asset management and project development consulting [2] - The entry barriers in many service areas are low or unclear, leading to inconsistent service quality among institutions [2] Group 3: Opportunities for Growth - The transition towards a greener and low-carbon economy presents significant opportunities for the development of carbon market-related professional services [3] - Recommendations include enhancing industry support policies, expanding the scale of both mandatory and voluntary carbon markets, and fostering a robust ecosystem for low-carbon services [3] Group 4: Institutional Development - There is a need to cultivate a diverse matrix of service institutions to meet the varied demands of the carbon market and prevent homogenization of services [4] - Institutions should focus on upgrading their services in energy conservation, inspection, certification, and information technology to expand into carbon-related services [4] Group 5: Service Diversification - Emphasis on combining "soft services" and "hard services" to enhance the quality and diversity of professional services [4] - Development of new service scenarios such as carbon trading consultants and carbon financial advisors is encouraged to meet the evolving needs of the market [4] Group 6: Regulatory Mechanisms - Establishment of a comprehensive regulatory mechanism is essential to ensure the quality and standards of professional services in the carbon market [5][6] - Regular evaluations and the publication of service institution lists can help improve service quality and foster public oversight [6]

在创新载体方面，鼓励石化、纺织、建材等传统产业以资源循环为切口开辟新的业务增长点，发展壮大 回收资源精深加工产业、再生材料产业、再制造产业、资源循环服务业等，积极拓展经济增长新动能。 2025年政府工作报告提出，加强废弃物循环利用，大力推广再生材料使用，促进循环经济发展。资源循 环利用产业作为大力发展循环经济的关键载体，正迈入重要发展机遇期。 《关于加快构建废弃物循环利用体系的意见》《推动大规模设备更新和消费品以旧换新行动方案》等政 策文件为资源循环产业的体系建设、领域聚焦、模式创新等提供清晰指南。无论是资源循环利用产业首 支"国家队"——中国资源循环集团有限公司的正式挂牌成立，还是资源循环利用产业规模的持续扩大， 亦或是设备更新和消费品以旧换新政策的持续发力，都为资源循环利用产业发展带来了新的契机。 同时我们也应该看到，我国资源循环利用产业还面临一些现实挑战，资源回收利用流程规范化程度不够 高，资源循环产业经济效益实现不够充分，产业发展保障机制不够健全。推动资源循环产业高质量发展 还需要继续下足功夫、下对功夫。 一是贯彻规范科学的发展导向，释放资源循环利用产业对环境利好的潜质。作为减少自然资源消耗、源 头减 ...

责编:徐小雪 电话:(010)67139791 传真:(010)67139791 E-mail:dfxcb@vip.sina.com 泰安厚植高质量发展生 实现保护与发展"双赢",群众获得感、满意度不! ◆姜强 鲁记 "污染防治攻坚战纵深推进,被山东省委、省政府评为生态环 境领域真抓实干成效明显的市,实现国务院和省督查激励'大满 贯'。全市空气质量综合指数4.28,PM25年均浓度为38微克/立方 米,达到有监测记录以来最好成绩。水环境质量指数 4.76. 排名全 省第三,同比改善1.6%。美丽河湖创建成效明显,东平湖、海子河 分别成功人选国家级、省级美丽河湖优秀案例。重点建设用地安 全利用率保持 100%。'无废城市'和地下水污染防治试验区建设 两项国家级生态环境保护试点工作起势见效,泰山石膏有限 公司人选工信部'无废企业'典型案例,为全省唯一;泰安市 在全国地下水污染防治管理培训班上作典型发言,两个地下 水污染防治试点项目典型做法在《生态环境工作简报》上宣传 推介。'1市、1园区、3企业'(新泰市、新泰市循环经济产业园 区、晋煤明升达、石横特钢、龙泉水务)入选山东省减污降碳协同创 新试点名单 …… "一项 ...

Core Viewpoint - The release of the "National Plan for China's Implementation of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (2025-2030)" marks a significant step for the home appliance industry in promoting green and low-carbon technologies, aiming for high-quality and sustainable development [1][2]. Group 1: Industry Compliance and Achievements - The home appliance industry in China has successfully transitioned to using environmentally friendly refrigerants such as isobutane (R600a) and cyclopentane, eliminating the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) by July 2007, ahead of the international commitment timeline by two and a half years [1]. - Since 2011, the industry has been working towards the elimination of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), adopting propane (R290) as a climate-friendly alternative, contributing to global compliance with the Montreal Protocol [2]. - In 2023, the total revenue of the home appliance industry reached 1.84 trillion yuan, with a profit of 156.5 billion yuan, and the industry accounted for over 50% of global production in major appliance categories, with room air conditioners reaching over 80% [2]. Group 2: Future Regulations and Goals - According to the National Plan, the industry must reduce HCFCs usage by at least 70% from the baseline by 2025, with a complete ban on producing appliances using HCFCs starting January 1, 2030 [3]. - The plan encourages the use of natural refrigerants and outlines specific timelines for phasing out HFCs in refrigerators and air conditioners, with a focus on promoting R290 technology [3]. - The home appliance industry aims to continue its green and low-carbon transformation, guided by ecological civilization principles, to further contribute to ozone layer protection and climate change mitigation [3].

Core Viewpoint - Leshan City is actively promoting the construction of a "waste-free city" by leveraging its cultural and natural heritage, particularly through the Emei Mountain and Leshan Giant Buddha, to implement green transformation practices and explore sustainable waste management solutions [2]. Group 1: Waste Management Strategy - The primary focus of the "waste-free city" initiative is on reduction, resource utilization, and harmless disposal of solid waste [3]. - Leshan City is establishing a "4+N" solid waste comprehensive utilization and disposal system, which includes four major bases for resource recycling and utilization across various sectors [3]. - The city has developed facilities for the collection, storage, transfer, utilization, and disposal of solid waste, addressing the shortfalls in waste management infrastructure [3]. Group 2: Industrial Waste Utilization - The Emei Mountain cement industry is utilizing solid waste as alternative fuel and raw materials, significantly reducing fossil fuel consumption and resource extraction [4]. - The city has achieved an industrial solid waste comprehensive utilization rate of 84.87%, with a daily capacity for waste incineration power generation reaching 1,600 tons [4]. - The recycling rate for agricultural film is 89.6%, and the comprehensive utilization rate for livestock manure has increased to 96.41% [4]. Group 3: Collaborative Efforts and Funding - Leshan City is addressing challenges in solid waste management by establishing diverse funding channels and promoting key projects [5]. - The city has introduced a management approach for key projects, facilitating low-threshold financing conditions and successfully attracting investments totaling 2.32 billion yuan [5]. - A collaborative model involving government, enterprises, and research institutions has been established to tackle key technological challenges in solid waste utilization [5]. Group 4: Innovative Waste Utilization Techniques - The city is conducting research on the utilization of phosphogypsum tailings, aiming to create a closed-loop system for mining waste [6]. - New technologies for the comprehensive utilization of oil-based rock debris have been developed, with applications for pollution prevention and resource recovery [6]. Group 5: Community Engagement and Education - Leshan City is promoting the "waste-free" concept through community initiatives, including the establishment of "waste-free cells" in various sectors [7]. - The Emei Mountain scenic area is implementing measures such as electronic tickets and waste sorting to enhance visitor engagement in waste reduction efforts [8]. - The city has launched educational campaigns and creative activities to foster a culture of waste reduction among residents [9].

20世纪70年代，受以《寂静的春天》为代表的环境保护思潮的影响，与生物多样性抵消（Biodiversity Offset）相关的理念开始出现在美国的政策和法规中。1992年《生物多样性公约》签署后，欧盟成员国 对生物多样性保护的关注度显著提升，近20年的时间里，生物多样性抵消机制在欧盟政策框架下得到系 统化的发展。与此同时，澳大利亚、新西兰、南非、英国等国基于自身情况开发出生物多样性抵消机 制。 生物多样性抵消是指为了缓解开发活动对生物多样性造成的负面影响而采取的行动。生物多样性抵消通 常被认为是减缓层级（避免、最小化、恢复、抵消）的最后一步，即在开展抵消前，开发商应确保已经 采取了避免影响、最小化影响、恢复生物多样性等三类措施。生物多样性抵消的目标一般分为生物多样 性无净损失（No Net Loss）和净增益（Net Gain）。无净损失指通过采取补偿措施，使项目造成的生物 多样性损失在量和质上得以平衡，整体不减少；而净增益则是在实现无净损失的基础上进一步提升生态 系统状况，实现生物多样性的总体改善。 多数国家的生物多样性抵消计划都以无净损失为目标，而英国2021年在《环境法案》中强制要求英格兰 地区的相关 ...

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the importance of establishing a Chinese characteristic watershed economics knowledge system to support sustainable development in watershed economies [1] Group 1: Governance and Policy Framework - Xi Jinping's thoughts provide significant guidance for watershed governance, promoting a new development concept that drives collaborative upgrades in watershed economies [2] - The governance framework includes breaking administrative barriers to create a watershed economic community, enhancing regional economic integration [2] - The ecological civilization thought encourages balancing ecological and economic development, as seen in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and Yellow River Basin strategies [2][3] Group 2: Practical Examples of Watershed Governance - The Yangtze River Economic Belt focuses on ecological foundations and green transformation, implementing projects to improve water quality and restore fish species [4] - The Yellow River Basin addresses water resource challenges through a dual control system, emphasizing water conservation and ecological restoration [4] - The Pearl River Delta promotes a "chain upgrade, collaborative efficiency" model, enhancing industrial competitiveness through regional integration [5] Group 3: Theoretical Framework for Watershed Economics - The Chinese characteristic watershed economics knowledge system integrates various theories to ensure a balance between development and protection [6] - Resource and environmental carrying capacity theory provides a scientific basis for watershed development intensity and industrial layout [7] - The theory of regional coordinated development emphasizes ecological compensation and benefit sharing to promote balanced development within watersheds [7] Group 4: Implementation Pathways for Watershed Economics - Building a Chinese characteristic watershed economics knowledge system requires addressing theoretical bottlenecks and quantifying resource environmental carrying capacity [9] - The approach includes creating a closed-loop mechanism that iterates between practice and theory to enhance governance effectiveness [9] - Interdisciplinary integration is essential, developing tools that combine ecological economics, regional science, and environmental law to foster new fields [9]

Core Points - The draft of the Ecological Environment Code marks a significant step in the compilation of environmental laws in China, integrating over 30 existing laws and numerous regulations into a comprehensive framework [2][3] Group 1: Key Highlights - The draft emphasizes a people-centered approach, aiming to address local ecological issues that affect citizens directly, with a focus on public health and environmental rights [3][4] - New regulations are introduced to prevent pollution at the source, particularly addressing issues like cooking fumes, odor, and construction noise, by enhancing planning and zoning measures [5] - A separate chapter on green and low-carbon development reflects China's commitment to its dual carbon goals and high-quality development strategies [6][7] Group 2: New Areas of Focus - The draft includes provisions for the management of new pollutants such as chemical substances, electromagnetic radiation, and light pollution, addressing emerging environmental risks [8][9] - It grants independent enforcement powers to county-level environmental agencies, enhancing local governance and accountability in environmental protection [10][11] Group 3: Legislative Improvements - The draft strengthens regulations on mobile source pollution, including engines and railway locomotives, to improve oversight of emissions from vehicles [12][13] - It introduces unified penalties for third-party environmental monitoring agencies that engage in fraudulent practices, addressing gaps in current enforcement mechanisms [14][15] Group 4: Addressing Conflicts and Enhancing Enforcement - The draft standardizes penalties for non-compliance across various environmental laws, improving clarity and consistency in enforcement [16] - It adjusts penalties for individuals involved in hazardous waste activities, aiming to enhance legal applicability and enforcement efficiency [17][18] Group 5: Responding to New Challenges - New regulations are established for the management of construction waste and the disposal of retired renewable energy products, addressing contemporary waste management challenges [19] - A dedicated chapter for responding to sudden ecological events is included, aiming to improve the legal framework for emergency environmental management [20]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes that standardizing enterprise-related law enforcement inspections is crucial for optimizing the business environment and stimulating market vitality [1] - The Ministry of Ecology and Environment has introduced the "law enforcement + service" concept, highlighting the need for innovative regulatory methods to achieve a balance between strictness and leniency [1][2] - The transition from a "one-size-fits-all" approach to "precision enforcement" requires law enforcement personnel to possess stronger legal knowledge and technical skills [1][2] Group 2 - The distinction between "minor violations" and "malicious violations" is critical in flexible law enforcement, necessitating a deep understanding of legal boundaries by enforcement personnel [2] - The implementation of a "comprehensive inspection once" mechanism aims to break down departmental barriers and enhance the effectiveness of cross-sector collaboration [2] - Law enforcement personnel are expected to evolve from mere executors to "guardians of the rule of law" and "service providers for development," ensuring ecological protection while facilitating green enterprise growth [3]