点击 最 下方 关注《材料汇》 ， 点击"❤"和" "并分享 添加 小编微信 ，寻 志同道合 的你 正文 可控核聚变是终极能源解决方案，但实现难度高，当前技术路径多样 可控核聚变因能量密度高、燃料储量丰富、安全性优越，被视为终极能源解决方案。当前主流技术路径包括 磁约束（托卡马克装置）、惯性约束（NIF装置）及磁 惯性约束（直线型装置） ，国内外多个装置在建， 处于劳森判据Q>1的验证阶段 。 为什么当下是可控核聚变的新阶段？ 一、政策与资本双轮驱动产业化。 1）政策上 ，中国通过多项财政支持、央企协同、研发创新及安全监管等政策举措推动核聚变产业发展；海外竞相锁定30-40年代商用时间窗口，通过资金注入、机 制优化和国际合作加速技术转化。 2）投资上 ，24年全球聚变企业达50家，80%为私营，美国占半数， 国内以聚变新能和中国聚变能领衔，分别布局低温超导和高温超导托卡马克，聚焦25-30年的Q 值验证和30-40年的商业电站落地目标。 二、多种技术路径百花齐放，实验&工程有望突破。 1）高温超导磁体 将托卡马克体积缩小至传统装置的1/40， 成本降低、迭代加速，是未来发展方向 ； 2）直线型磁惯性装置 He ...

点击 最 下方 关注《材料汇》 ， 点击"❤"和" "并分享 添加 小编微信 ，寻 志同道合 的你 正文 1. 人形机器人为何需要实现轻量化？ 轻量化设计就是在满足机器人功能和性能要求的前提下，通过优化结构、选用轻质材料、改进制造工艺等手段，尽可能地减轻机器人的重量。通过轻量化减重，人 形机器人可以实现更长的续航以及更高的运动动态响应速度。 当前人形机器人主机厂普遍将"轻量化"作为迭代核心之一，通过 自研高扭矩密度电机、拓扑优化结构、一体化伺服模组、碳纤维及复合材料等 手段持续降低整机质 量，头部人形机器人厂商的机器人产品迭代大多伴随着整体重量的减轻。 目前机器人轻量化主要采用 铝合金、镁合金（或铝镁合金）、碳纤维和高性能工程塑料PEEK等材料 ，但单一材料难以兼顾强度、刚性、成本与加工工艺。我们判 断 未来趋势是镁合金、碳纤维、PEEK等多材料协同应用，按功能分区优化设计 。 2.镁合金：成本下探&压铸工艺渐近成熟，镁合金渗透率有望逐步提升 镁合金密度仅为铝合金的2/3，却在比强度、减震性、电磁屏蔽性和加工性能等方面展现出综合优势。尤其适用于对轻量化、吸能性和成型效率要求较高的结构件。 过去镁合金 高成本、 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes that lithography machines are the most critical equipment in wafer manufacturing, with the highest technical difficulty and currently the lowest domestic production rate [2][7][31] - Lithography machines are the cornerstone for sustaining the "Moore's Law" in the semiconductor industry, with advancements in lithography technology being essential for increasing chip integration and performance [7][11] - The global lithography machine market is dominated by a few players, with ASML holding a 61.2% market share in 2024, particularly as the sole supplier of EUV lithography machines [19][22][27] Group 2 - The optical system is identified as the most critical component of lithography machines, with Carl Zeiss being the exclusive supplier of optical components for ASML [36][40] - The global market for lithography optical components is estimated to be $3.5 billion, with Zeiss holding a dominant position [36][44] - Domestic production of optical components has made progress, but significant gaps remain compared to Zeiss, particularly in terms of surface accuracy and quality [58][60] Group 3 - The light source and dual-stage systems are also crucial components that significantly impact the efficiency of lithography machines, with the wavelength of the light source being a key determinant of the machine's processing capability [4][60] - The main light sources have evolved from g-line (436nm) and i-line (365nm) to KrF (248nm), ArF (193nm), and now to EUV (13.5nm) [60][61] Group 4 - Domestic supply chain companies are making efforts to overcome challenges, with significant advancements expected in the high-end lithography machine sector [4][32] - The Chinese market has a high demand for lithography machines, with ASML being the largest customer, and the revenue from China is projected to grow from 29% in 2023 to 41% in 2024 due to increased production capacity [27][30]

1.1 可控核聚变领域黑马:场反位形技术(FRC) 点击 最 下方 关注《材料汇》 ， 点击"❤"和" "并分享 添加 小编微信 ，寻 志同道合 的你 正文 ■ 可控核聚变的技术路线主要可分为磁约束与惯性约束两大种类,其中磁约束核聚变在当前占据主流地位,主要包括托卡 马克（环形磁场）、场反位形（Field-Reversed Configuration, FRC）、彷星器（复杂外线圈磁场）。随着相关技术 的飞速发展,系统结构简单、造价及运行成本低的FRC备受关注,被称为可控核聚变领域的"黑马",成为有望率先实 现商业化的技术路线。 ■ 场反位形（FRC）:作为一种磁约束聚变技术,场反位形可看作紧凑环(compact torus)的一种,其在上世纪就已被提 出,科学家基于对磁场与等离子相互作用等理论的研究,设想出利用等离子体自身产生的磁场与外部磁场相互作用,形 成一种封闭环形结构以约束等离子的方式（一个足够密度的高能电子层可能会反转磁场）,值得注意的是,场反位形装 置只有极向场,没有环向场或几乎可以忽略。相比其他磁约束技术路线,FRC具有高比压β、易转移、可直接发电等明 场反位形结构 显优点,被作为一种热门的潜在 ...

Core Viewpoint - The new materials industry in China is at a critical juncture, facing supply-demand imbalances due to a slowdown in effective demand and chaotic supply expansion, but there are signs of marginal improvements that may lead to investment opportunities by 2025 [2][11][20]. Group 1: Demand Improvement and Incremental Opportunities - The aerospace and defense sectors are expected to see a recovery in demand for titanium materials, driven by the replenishment of military orders and the introduction of new equipment [3][42]. - The demand for high-performance carbon fiber is anticipated to increase due to the replacement of old grades and the development of new applications in unmanned and efficient equipment [4][62]. - Ceramic matrix composites are positioned to become key materials for next-generation aircraft engines, with increasing demand as manufacturing processes mature [4]. - Additive manufacturing is entering a new development phase, emphasizing the need for innovation and deep integration with customer requirements to expand application spaces [4]. Group 2: Identifying Relatively Rigid Supply Segments - The refrigerant market is constrained by regulations, leading to limited domestic supply while overseas demand remains strong, resulting in rising prices [6]. - Tungsten, a strategic metal for China, is expected to maintain a tight supply-demand balance due to effective control measures and increasing demand in hard alloys and photovoltaic applications [6]. - The strategic value of rare earth elements has been recognized at the central level, with supply growth slowing and demand increasing, which may stabilize prices and signal a potential industry cycle turning point [6]. Group 3: Innovative Applications Driven by Frontier Technologies - The commercial aerospace sector is driving demand for new materials and processes, particularly in reusable rocket technologies and liquid rocket engines, which will increase the need for copper alloy thrust chambers and thermal barrier coatings [7]. - The rise of artificial intelligence is boosting demand for computing power, leading to increased applications for soft magnetic materials and iron carbonyl powder in power modules [7]. - The development of humanoid robots is expected to drive demand for engineering plastics and neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnets due to lightweight design trends [7]. - The acceleration of superconducting materials' industrialization and applications is worth monitoring for their expansion in downstream technology fields [7].

Core Viewpoint - The tungsten industry is characterized by a significant supply-demand gap, with expectations of a global shortage increasing from 13,000 tons in 2023 to 18,000 tons by 2027, indicating a systemic rise in tungsten prices due to its strategic importance and scarcity [2][3]. Industry Overview - Tungsten is a globally important strategic resource known for its high hardness, melting point, and resistance to high temperatures and corrosion, making it essential in various sectors including transportation, mining, industrial manufacturing, and military applications [7][9]. - The global tungsten reserves are concentrated, with China holding over 50% of the total tungsten resources and production, making it a key player in the tungsten market [14][19]. Driving Factors - The rarity of tungsten resources and continuous innovation in mining technology are crucial for the industry's growth, with global tungsten reserves increasing from approximately 3.3 million tons in 2018 to 4.4 million tons in 2023, reflecting a compound annual growth rate of 5.9% [14]. - Demand for tungsten from downstream industries is on the rise, particularly in aerospace, military, and photovoltaic sectors, with projections indicating that global tungsten consumption could reach approximately 151,100 tons by 2028 [15]. - Technological advancements in mining and smelting processes are enhancing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of tungsten extraction, making the market more attractive to investors [16][17]. Supply-Demand Structure - The supply of tungsten remains rigid, with China accounting for 52.5% of global tungsten reserves and 82.3% of production in 2024, despite a gradual decline in the quality of tungsten ore due to extensive mining [19][21]. - The Chinese government implements strict controls on tungsten mining, with total mining quotas gradually increasing but remaining limited, which contributes to a tight supply situation [21][27]. - The production cost of tungsten concentrates is expected to rise significantly, with estimates indicating costs could exceed 130,000 yuan per ton by 2024 [27][29]. Price Outlook - The price of tungsten is supported by strong cost factors, with production costs currently ranging from 96,000 to 107,000 yuan per ton, and expected to maintain upward pressure due to increasing mining costs and regulatory constraints [27][29]. - The global tungsten market is anticipated to experience price increases driven by supply constraints and rising demand from various industrial applications [2][3]. Industry Development Trends - The tungsten industry is expected to see continued growth in hard alloy production, with domestic production increasing from 33,800 tons in 2018 to an estimated 58,000 tons in 2024, reflecting a compound annual growth rate of 9.4% [37]. - The demand for tungsten wire, particularly in the photovoltaic sector, is projected to grow rapidly as it replaces traditional carbon steel wire due to its superior properties [53][54].

Group 1: Overview of High-Performance Membrane Materials - High-performance membrane materials are core materials for new separation technologies, characterized by energy savings and environmental friendliness, playing a strategic role in addressing water resources, energy, and environmental issues [4][6] - Membrane materials can be categorized into thick membranes (thickness > 1 micron) and thin membranes (thickness < 1 micron), with applications in water treatment, special separation, gas separation, biomedical, and battery membranes [4][5] Group 2: Classification of High-Performance Membrane Materials - Membrane materials can be classified based on preparation materials into organic and inorganic membranes, with organic membranes including cellulose derivatives, polyamide, and polyimide, while inorganic membranes include ceramic and metal membranes [7] - Functional classification includes separation membranes, recognition membranes, reaction membranes, energy conversion membranes, and electronic functional membranes, with separation membranes being the most widely used [7][11] Group 3: Current Development Status of the High-Performance Membrane Industry - The membrane industry is growing at an annual rate of approximately 15%, with water treatment membranes reaching a mature stage, while special separation membranes are in a rapid development phase [7][16] - By 2019, the membrane industry scale in China approached 200 billion yuan, with significant advancements in water treatment, special separation, and gas separation membranes, narrowing the gap with international standards [7][16] Group 4: Market Situation of High-Performance Separation Membranes - In 2022, the total output value of China's membrane industry is expected to exceed 860 billion yuan, with a compound annual growth rate of about 10% from 2022 to 2027 [16] - The market structure shows that reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes account for 50% of sales, while ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes each account for 10% [16] Group 5: Competitive Landscape of the High-Performance Membrane Industry - Major global players in high-performance separation membranes include companies from the US, Japan, and Europe, with significant market shares held by companies like Dow and Toray [23] - In China, the membrane industry comprises over 2000 companies, with a concentration in regions such as Beijing, Jiangsu, and Shanghai [23] Group 6: Optical Membranes - Optical membranes are widely used in various applications, including precision optical devices, displays, and anti-counterfeiting technologies, characterized by their ability to manipulate light through transmission, reflection, and absorption [20][24] - The optical membrane market is expected to continue growing, driven by increasing demand from downstream markets and technological upgrades by domestic companies [33] Group 7: Lithium Battery Separators - The lithium battery separator market is rapidly expanding, with China accounting for over 80% of global shipments in 2022, driven by the growth of electric vehicles and consumer electronics [42][43] - Major players in the lithium battery separator market include Shanghai Think, which holds nearly 40% market share, followed by Xingyuan Material [43] Group 8: Aluminum-Plastic Films - The aluminum-plastic film market is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 16.09%, reaching 5.7 billion yuan by 2022, driven by demand from the lithium battery sector [49][57] - The supply of aluminum-plastic films in China is currently insufficient to meet domestic demand, leading to a push for domestic production to replace imports [57]

点击 最 下方 关注《材料汇》 ， 点击"❤"和" "并分享 添加 小编微信 ，寻 志同道合 的你 正文 行业|深度|研究报告 2025年6月9日 固 态 电 池 行 业 深 度: 驱 动 因 素、 市场 现 状 、 产业链及相关公司深度梳理 随着全球能源转型加速和高性能电池需求增长,固态电池技术正成为新能源领域焦点。其凭借高能量密 度、卓越安全性和广阔应用前景,被视为下一代锂电池重要技术路线。近年来,固态电池应用场景从新 能源汽车拓展到低空经济、消费电子和人形机器人等领域,市场需求日益旺盛。同时,政策支持、技术 突破和产业链完善为其产业化发展提供了有力保障。然而,固态电池技术发展还面临诸多挑战,未来, 行业需着力攻克这些技术难题,推动固态电池迈向大规模商业化应用,从而进一步引领新能源产业的发 展潮流。 本报告将从行业概述、政策环境、技术路线、产业链分析、市场规模预测、相关公司等多个维度,全面 剖析固态电池行业的发展态势。通过对固态电池技术的深入研究,结合政策导向、市场需求以及企业布 局,我们旨在为读者呈现一个清晰、全面的固态电池行业全景图,以助力更好地把握行业脉络,洞察未 来发展方向。 目录 | 一、行业概 ...

点击 最 下方 关注《材料汇》 ， 点击"❤"和" "并分享 添加 小编微信 ，寻 志同道合 的你 正文 闊地主義 / 關稅和人才風險並列為未來三年半導體 產業面臨的最大問題。 關鍵發現 簧略重點與產業挑戰 彈性供應鏈和人才發展 / 留任並列為未來三年的 首要策略重點 ·其灾是數位轉型和執行生成式AI。 隨著非傳統半導禮公司（科技巨頭、矽晶圓供應平 台、汽車公司等）擴展其晶片研發能力·高階主管 最擔心的是加劇了人才市場的競爭。 產品應用與發展 微處理器（包括圖形處理器 GPU）再次被視為未來一年最有機 會推動半導體產業成長的產品。 人工智慧首次成為推動半導體產業營收最高的應用 · 而雲端運算 / 資料中心則上升至第二位 · 汽車產業在過去兩年·一直被視為推動半導體營收成長幅度最 高的產業·但今年下降至第四位· KPMG 025 KPMG, a Talwan partnership and a r uste English company limited by guarante ──翡與 產業挑戰 KEY TAKEWAYS 屬地主義 / 關稅和人才風險 並列為未來三年半導體產業面臨的最大問題。 彈性供應鏈和人才 ...

点击 最 下方 关注《材料汇》 ， 点击"❤"和" "并分享 添加 小编微信 ，寻 志同道合 的你 正文 研究方向 纤维成形 功能化应用 表面改性 产品 原 料 ------------- Temperature (℃) ● 纤维表面微纳结构设计，实现了功能化改性，促进其在结构材料、智能传感、能源催化 等领域的应用。 高强度海藻材料的制备 采用聚合物调黏和生物基高分子类流体两种策略, 建立了生物基高分子材料高效成型加工新方法 SA (a) - 海藻纤维 MMMMGMGGGGGGMMGMGGN भ C MG blo G block M block G block Cry ion (b) 聚电解质 半刚性链 金属离子的螯合作用 共混结构稳定 聚集态结构易调 e e e e e 3 生物基高分子加工成形 分子链缠经 Reverse flo 杂的聚集态结构 生物基高分子纤维加工成形方法 可加工性和 分子结构 流变 l 生能 ● 设计得到了黏度可调的生物基高分子复合溶液， 对其进行静电纺/湿纺/吹纺，实现了功能高分子纳米纤维的高效纺丝成形。 Small Methods, 2022, 2200129; J. Mater. ...