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轻工制造行业:关税加征影响出口产业链,等待关税政策明朗
Dongxing Securities· 2025-04-08 02:31
行 业 研 究 轻工制造行业:关税加征影响出口 产业链,等待关税政策明朗 事件:2025 年 4 月 2 日,美国总统特朗普在白宫签署两项关于所谓"对等关税" 的行政令,宣布美国对贸易伙伴设立 10%的"最低基准关税",并对某些贸易伙 伴征收更高关税。2025 年 4 月 4 日,中方对原产于美国的所有进口商品加征 34%关税。 "对等关税"对我国及东南亚国家同步加征关税,为轻工出口业务带来不确定 性。特朗普展示的图表显示,对中国产品加征 34%关税,对越南产品征收 46% 关税,对泰国产品征收 36%关税,对印度尼西亚产品征收 32%关税,对马来 西亚产品征收 24%关税。本次关税加征幅度及范围均超过我们的预期。轻工企 业近年有加速东南亚产能的布局,但本次关税的"无差别攻击",对企业出口 直接贸易及转口贸易均有较大影响,轻工对美出口业务短期面临不确定性。考 虑到轻工为劳动密集型产业,难以回流至人均收入高的美国,我们认为仍需发 展中国家承担生产,后续关税政策或仍有变化可能,如财联社消息:特朗普与 越南、印度和以色列的代表就关税谈判进行了交谈,越南等国存在降关税可能 性。但我们认为即使越南等国与美国达成降税协议 ...
纺织服装:短期加征关税有所影响,长期纺织企业制造优势仍在
Dongxing Securities· 2025-04-08 02:31
行 业 研 究 纺织服装:短期加征关税有所影响, 长期纺织企业制造优势仍在 事件:美国时间 4 月 2 日特朗普宣布对等关税相关政策并签署总统行政令。 美国将对所有进口商品加征基础 10%的全面关税。部分国家与地区将面临更 高税率。对等税率更高的经济体包括欧盟(20%)、日本(24%)、韩国(25%)、 中国大陆及港澳(34%)、中国台湾(32%)、印度(26%)、泰国(36%)、越 南(46%)、缅甸(44%)等。 我国纺织业为出口导向型,在全球产业链中有着举足轻重的地位。我国是全球 纺织品和服装出口绝对龙头。根据世界贸易组织数据,2023 年全球纺织品出 口总额约为 3240.84 亿美元,其中来自于中国的纺织品出口金额为 1343.36 亿美元,占全球纺织品出口总额的 41.45%;2023 年全球服装出口总额约为 5480.46 亿美元,来自于中国的服装出口金额 1647.43 亿美元,占全球服装出 口总额的 30.06%。除了国内直接出口,头部的服装和鞋制造商海外产能占比 较高,如鞋制造商华利集团产能 100%在境外(主要在越南),服装制造商申洲 国际员工数有 57%位于越南和柬埔寨,而这些国家和地 ...
通信行业:中美关税博弈,通信零部件国产替代进程有望加速
Dongxing Securities· 2025-04-08 02:31
行 业 研 通信行业:中美关税博弈,通信零 部件国产替代进程有望加速 事件:4月2日,美国总统特朗普宣布,美国对所有贸易伙伴设立10% 的"最低基准关税",其中对中国征收的"对等关税"税率为34%,对华总 关税将达54%。4月4日,中国宣布对原产于美国的所有进口商品,在 现行适用关税税率基础上加征34%关税。 点评: 美国高关税政策对国内通信光模块、物联网模组板块冲击较大,运营 商、卫星互联网、IDC、工业通信等板块影响较小。目前部分通信企业 尚未发布 2024 年年报,我们整理 2023 年通信上市企业国内收入占比 数据。2023 年通信子行业国内收入占比如下:运营商(100%)、IDC (99%)、工业通信(92%)、卫星互联网(85%)、5G 通信设备(80%)、 光纤光缆(78%)、算力设备(68%)、物联网模组(51%)、光模块(49%)。 尽管短期美国关税政策对光模块、物联网模组行业正常经营造成冲击, 但中长期看,受 AI 产业驱动,光模块、物联网模组行业成长路径确定, 建议继续关注 1.6T 光模块大规模部署进展以及 5G Redcap 模组、算 力模组应用进展。 对等关税下,部分进口依赖度较高 ...
中美关税政策点评:电子行业:关税壁垒倒逼产业升级,国产化替代有望加速
Dongxing Securities· 2025-04-08 02:25
Investment Rating - The industry investment rating for the electronics sector is "Positive" [5]. Core Viewpoints - The imposition of tariffs is expected to accelerate domestic substitution and industry upgrades in China, particularly in the semiconductor sector [2][4]. - The tariffs will lead to increased costs and supply chain adjustments, prompting Chinese companies to seek alternative suppliers outside the U.S. [2]. - The domestic semiconductor equipment manufacturing process is anticipated to enter a rapid development phase due to the rising costs of imported equipment [3]. - The tariff barriers are driving structural changes in the global supply chain, with a focus on domestic production and technological iteration [4]. Summary by Sections Tariff Impact - The U.S. has imposed a 10% baseline tariff globally, with an additional 34% tariff on Chinese goods, affecting the electronics trade significantly [1][2]. - In 2024, China's imports from the U.S. are projected to be approximately $163.62 billion, with machinery and electronics accounting for about 23.17% of this total [2]. Domestic Equipment and Semiconductor Development - The global market for semiconductor equipment is dominated by U.S. companies, which hold about 40% market share. The tariffs are expected to increase the cost of importing these critical devices [3]. - The domestic self-sufficiency rate for analog chips in China is around 15% as of 2023, and the tariffs are likely to enhance the competitiveness of local manufacturers [3]. Investment Recommendations - The report suggests that the domestic electronics industry can achieve advantages through a combination of domestic substitution, technological iteration, and global collaboration [4]. - Beneficiary companies identified include Shengbang Co., Sirepo, Xidi Micro, Nanchip Technology, and others [4].
光伏行业事件点评:光伏行业对等关税征收点评:贸易壁垒高悬,全球竞争加剧
Dongxing Securities· 2025-04-08 02:19
光伏行业对等关税征收点评:贸易 壁垒高悬,全球竞争加剧 ——光伏行业事件点评 事件: 4 月 2 日,美国宣布"对等关税"举措,即美国对贸易伙伴设立 10%的"最低基准 关税",并对某些贸易伙伴征收更高关税,包括中国(34%)、越南(46%)、 泰国(36%)、印度尼西亚(32%)、柬埔寨(49%)、老挝(48%)、马来西亚 (24%)。4 月 4 日,中方发布系列反制措施,对原产于美国的所有进口商品, 在现行适用关税税率基础上加征 34%关税。 点评: 本次加征对等关税举措与美国扶持本土新能源制造战略相契合。美国一直致力 于提升本土新能源制造产业的相对竞争力,在本次对等关税举措前,美国推出 了通胀削减法案以扶持新能源产业,同时也通过重启反规避调查等举措推升进 口产品关税,在本次对等关税之前,中国光伏行业出口美国的贸易壁垒早已高 悬。美国加征对等关税后,预计随着低成本组件供应进一步缩减,美国光伏组 件等产品的价格或将上涨,进而推升光伏电站投资成本上升,抑制短期光伏新 增装机;从长期看,对等关税的举措,与美国扶持本土新能源制造的战略相符, 或将促进美国光伏制造业的投资和发展。 加征对等关税影响小于双反,边际影响 ...
东兴证券晨报-2025-04-07
Dongxing Securities· 2025-04-07 11:01
Group 1: Non-Ferrous Metals Industry - The copper market is experiencing downward adjustments due to recession expectations, but supply-demand tightness supports pricing resilience [1] - In 2025, global copper supply-demand structure is expected to remain tight, with a significant shortage in copper concentrate processing fees indicating potential production cuts [1] - China's refined copper production is projected to reach a record high of 13.644 million tons in 2024, benefiting from high TC long-term contract prices and strong by-product sulfuric acid prices [1] Group 2: Gold Market - London spot gold prices have risen 18% to $3,055 per ounce in 2025, driven by safe-haven demand and central bank purchases [2] - The introduction of equal tariff policies may exacerbate inflation, which could boost gold's inflation premium [5] - The gold pricing trend is expected to continue upward, with potential to reach $3,300 per ounce as market sentiment improves [5] Group 3: Rare Earth Industry - China's recent export controls on seven categories of medium and heavy rare earths are expected to lead to stronger pricing dynamics in the industry [6] - The export quota growth for rare earths in China has significantly slowed, indicating a tightening supply situation [6] - Japan's reliance on Chinese rare earth imports is highlighted, with 77% of its monthly imports coming from China, suggesting potential impacts on Japan's market [6] Group 4: Agriculture Sector - The recent U.S. tariff increases on Chinese imports, including agricultural products, are expected to raise prices and alter supply dynamics [19][20] - The agricultural sector is likely to benefit from rising domestic demand and the need for food security, prompting a shift towards domestic production [21] - Companies in the agricultural sector, particularly those involved in breeding and feed production, are recommended for investment due to their potential to capitalize on these changes [21] Group 5: Chemical Industry - The U.S. has imposed a 34% tariff on Chinese chemical exports, which may impact demand for certain products but overall effects are expected to be limited [23][24] - Specific exemptions for certain chemicals may mitigate the impact of tariffs on some sectors within the chemical industry [23] - The pricing and supply of chemical products may be affected by increased costs of imported raw materials from the U.S. [24] Group 6: Transportation Sector - The new tariffs are expected to pressure import and export freight volumes, particularly affecting container shipping and air freight [27][30] - The cancellation of tax exemptions for small packages will lead to increased costs for air freight, impacting demand [30] - There is a recommendation to focus on domestic demand and emerging markets as companies adapt to the new trade environment [30] Group 7: Machinery Industry - The new tariffs are anticipated to accelerate domestic policies aimed at enhancing productivity and innovation in the machinery sector [32][33] - Investment opportunities are expected to arise in low-altitude economy and deep-sea technology sectors as a response to tariff impacts [33] - The focus on new productivity measures may lead to increased support for industries involved in advanced manufacturing and automation [32]
交通运输行业:关税战导致进出口货运承压,建议关注内需板块
Dongxing Securities· 2025-04-07 10:58
Investment Rating - The transportation industry is rated as "positive" [4] Core Viewpoints - The U.S. tariff policy aims to attract manufacturing back to the U.S., with significant tariffs imposed on various countries, including a 34% tariff on China [2] - The imposition of high tariffs is expected to increase trade costs globally, impacting both exporters and U.S. consumers, potentially leading to higher inflation in the U.S. [2] - The actual execution of the tariff policy remains uncertain and will depend on future negotiations between the U.S. and other countries [2] Summary by Sections Tariff Impact - The tariffs will directly affect container shipping and air freight, particularly on the Far East-North America route, leading to increased trade costs and reduced cargo volumes [3] - The cancellation of tax exemptions for small packages will have a short-term negative impact on air freight, as businesses may need to shift to more expensive shipping methods [3] Recommendations - The report suggests focusing on domestic demand sectors such as highways and railways, which are expected to benefit from increased internal consumption [8] - Companies that have established a presence in emerging markets like Southeast Asia are likely to see increased opportunities as they adapt to the changing trade landscape [8] Industry Data - The transportation industry comprises 126 companies, with a total market value of 32,036.5 billion and a circulating market value of 28,190.56 billion [5] - The average price-to-earnings ratio for the industry is 15.99 [5]
农林牧渔行业:关税反制加码,全面看好农业板块
Dongxing Securities· 2025-04-07 10:58
农林牧渔行业:关税反制加码,全 面看好农业板块 2025 年 4 月 7 日 看好/维持 农林牧渔 行业报告 事件:4 月 3 日,美国政府宣布"对等关税"计划,其中对中国大陆加征的关 税税率为 34%。4 月 4 日,国务院关税税则委员会发布关于对原产于美国进口 商品加征关税的公告,中国将对原产于美国的所有进口商品,在现行适用关税 税率基础上加征 34%关税。此前,中国已从 3 月 10 日起对原产于美国的部分 农产品加征关税。 关税反制下,关注农产品涨价与农业新质生产力。正如我们在 3 月 5 日发布的 报告《农林牧渔行业:对美农产品加征关税,关注农产品涨价与粮食安全》中 进行的梳理,综合进口量和依存度,高粱、大豆、玉米和棉花受影响较大。此 次关税反制后,我国从美国进口农产品加征税率累计达到 44%/49%,从美进 口农产品完税价格进一步提升。我国近年来自美国进口农产品数量及占比逐步 下降,此次"对等关税"与我国的关税反制政策落地将进一步促使我国农产品供 应格局发生变化,对南美市场进口和国内市场供应占比将提升。短期来看,进 口成本的抬升将推升进口依存度较高的农产品价格上涨;中长期来看,贸易摩 擦加剧,粮食 ...
基础化工行业:中美互加关税对化工品影响几何?
Dongxing Securities· 2025-04-07 10:58
行 业 研 究 基础化工行业:中美互加关税对化 工品影响几何? 2025 年 4 月 7 日 看好/维持 基础化工 行业报告 中美互加关税。当地时间 4 月 2 日,美方宣布对所有贸易伙伴征收"对 等关税",其中给中国的"对等关税"税率达到 34%。4 月 4 日,中国 接连发布多项对美反制措施,包括自 4 月 10 日起,对原产于美国的所 有进口商品加征 34%关税。 对美出口方面:化工品出口至美国的占比约 12%,整体影响有限。根 据海关总署统计,2024 年我国以化学工业及其相关工业产品、塑料及 其制品为代表的化工品出口总金额约为 3707 亿美元,其中对美国出口 的金额约为 446 以美元,占比约为 12.03%。值得注意的是,此次美国 "对等关税"政策中,对于特定产品施行豁免条款,包括部分维生素、氨 基酸、农药产品等。目前来看,我们判断美国关税政策对中国出口占 比较高的化纤、轮胎等商品的需求或存在一定影响,但部分中国轮胎 企业已进行了全球化布局,受到的关税冲击可能有望相应减轻。 对美进口方面:化工品进口自美国的占比约 11.6%,部分原料或受影 响。根据海关总署统计,2024 年我国以化学工业及其相 ...
对等关税政策点评:有色金属行业:市场情绪高度挥发,金属行业定价有望展现强韧性
Dongxing Securities· 2025-04-07 10:58
资本市场动荡金价短期调整,多因素共振或推动黄金上行:在"特朗普交易" (避险情绪上行)与央行购金(去美元中心化+黄金需求提升)双主线加持下, 伦敦现货黄金价格年内已上涨 18%至 3055 美元/盎司(至 4 月 2 日)。美国对 等关税政策出台后,全球资本市场恐慌情绪加大下导致流动性诉求切换,令黄 金价格承压。然而,考虑到对等关税政策或使通货膨胀加剧,这将有效提振黄 金通胀溢价;另一方面,全球地缘政治风险指数及经济政策不确定性已处近125 年来绝对高位及近十年来第二高位,且仍延续上行态势,这将优化黄金避险溢 2025 年 4 月 7 日 看好/维持 有色金属 行业报告 有色金属行业:市场情绪高度挥发, 金属行业定价有望展现强韧性 ——对等关税政策点评 事件:2025 年 4 月 2 日,美国政府宣布对所有国家设立 10%的基准关税,并 对与美国贸易逆差较大的国家和地区征收"对等关税"。其中,对中国输美商 品将在现适用关税税率基础上加征 34%关税,但铜、铝、黄金、镍、锂等金属 不受对等关税影响。2025 年 4 月 4 日,中国国务院宣布反制政策,将对原产 于美国的所有进口商品,在现行适用关税税率基础上加征 ...