人口形势变化首先对教育体系形成直接冲击，学校空置、教师"过剩"的话题受到越来越多关注。今年3 月，教育部召开的2025年教师队伍建设重点工作部署会上，再次提到"要充分认识学龄人口波动变化和 新型城镇化推进对教师资源均衡配置的新挑战"。 但这一挑战也是推动教育改革的良机，教育系统可以借此加快从规模扩张向质量提升与结构优化的转型 升级。中小学跨学段、跨区域任教就是因应新形势的改革举措之一，虽然执行层面仍需不断摸索完善。 同时，随着适龄学生减少，国家可以逐步提高学校建设标准，降低班额，适时推进小班化教学，提高教 学质量。此外，随着人口红利的逐渐减弱，职业教育在创造"人才红利"方面的使命进一步凸显。对于富 余教师资源，可以通过转岗培训与激励机制，引导转向职业教育、终身教育、社区教育等新兴教育领 域，实现盘活人才存量与创造增量的双赢。 近期，多地幼儿园、中小学生源不足，部分民办高校招录不满等新闻不断传出。江西省吉安市永新县选 调农村小学教师到初中任教的事还上了热搜，原因是教师们普遍抗拒此"转学段任教"安排，纷纷在遴选 考试中选择考超低分来逃避。 这些现象背后，是我国总人口进入负增长阶段，人口发展呈现少子化、老龄化、区域 ...

本文字数：1417，阅读时长大约3分钟 作者 | 第一财经 何涛 近期，多地幼儿园、中小学生源不足，部分民办高校招录不满等新闻不断传出。江西省吉安市永新县 选调农村小学教师到初中任教的事还上了热搜，原因是教师们普遍抗拒此"转学段任教"安排，纷纷 在遴选考试中选择考超低分来逃避。 这些现象背后，是我国总人口进入负增长阶段，人口发展呈现少子化、老龄化、区域人口增减分化趋 势的鲜明现实。这一变化势必给社会各个方面带来深刻影响，国家和置身其中的每个人都必须直面由 此产生的各种挑战。而在挑战的另一面，正是改革的契机，对于与老百姓生活息息相关的教育、就 业、社保、城乡规划等领域而言，尤其如此。 人口形势变化首先对教育体系形成直接冲击，学校空置、教师"过剩"的话题受到越来越多关注。今 年3月，教育部召开的2025年教师队伍建设重点工作部署会上，再次提到"要充分认识学龄人口波动 变化和新型城镇化推进对教师资源均衡配置的新挑战"。 2025.08. 23 人口结构的变化，特别是深度老龄化，对社会保障体系提出了前所未有的考验。如何在扩大社保统筹 资金池的同时提高医保资金的使用效率，变得更加关键。对此，顶层设计要求健全基本医疗保险 ...

人口变化对劳动力市场的影响十分深远。劳动力规模缩减直接削弱传统增长模式的动能，老龄化加剧则 带来抚养比攀升的压力。要想破解这一困局，各界共识是推进从"人口红利"向"人才红利"的跃迁。应该 加大对人力资本的全生命周期投入，提升劳动力整体素质与劳动生产率。同时，积极发展"银发经济"， 培育新的经济增长点。尤其值得重视的是，加快产业结构优化升级，大力发展知识密集型、技术密集型 产业，推动人工智能、自动化技术深度融入生产流程，以"机器红利"弥补劳动力缺口。 尽早识别风险，科学研判，系统谋划，亦能化挑战为机遇。 近期，多地幼儿园、中小学生源不足，部分民办高校招录不满等新闻不断传出。江西省吉安市永新县选 调农村小学教师到初中任教的事还上了热搜，原因是教师们普遍抗拒此"转学段任教"安排，纷纷在遴选 考试中选择考超低分来逃避。 这些现象背后，是我国总人口进入负增长阶段，人口发展呈现少子化、老龄化、区域人口增减分化趋势 的鲜明现实。这一变化势必给社会各个方面带来深刻影响，国家和置身其中的每个人都必须直面由此产 生的各种挑战。而在挑战的另一面，正是改革的契机，对于与老百姓生活息息相关的教育、就业、社 保、城乡规划等领域而言，尤其 ...

Group 1 - Gansu Province's Zhangye City is focusing on developing a potato seed breeding system, showcasing collaboration between Tianrun Potato Industry and Peili College for research and development [2] - Heilongjiang Province's Harbin City is accelerating the integration of innovation, talent, and industry chains to develop new productive forces [2] Group 2 - Hainan Province hosted a talent matchmaking event in Haikou, attracting 280 employers from various sectors including agriculture, marine, aerospace, digital economy, and tourism [4] - Wuhu's Mengxi Science and Technology Innovation Corridor in Anhui Province is a key project integrating research, incubation, and commercial support, fostering a technology ecosystem [4] Group 3 - China's talent resources have reached a total of 220 million, with over 200 million skilled workers and more than 60 million high-skilled talents, making it the largest talent resource country globally [6][14] - The number of STEM graduates in China exceeds 5 million annually, leading globally, with a significant focus on integrating education with industry needs [9][14] Group 4 - The contribution of talent to Beijing's Haidian District GDP is 65.21%, indicating a high concentration of intellectual resources [6] - The total number of R&D personnel in China exceeds 7 million, maintaining the world's highest position, with R&D expenditure intensity surpassing the EU average [6][14] Group 5 - The establishment of technology small courtyards across China has led to significant improvements in agricultural production, with 1,800 such units set up nationwide [11] - The high-tech manufacturing industry's added value is projected to grow by 42% by 2024, with the digital economy's core industries increasing by 73.8% [12]

Group 1 - The first Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Entrepreneurship Competition will be held in August-September 2023, with over 7,000 projects registered from across China, including Hong Kong and Macau [1][2] - The registered projects are concentrated in five active sectors: artificial intelligence and robotics, integrated circuits and low-altitude economy, pharmaceutical health and biomanufacturing, modern agriculture and food technology, and modern services and cultural creativity [1][2] - The competition has attracted over 1,700 projects from Hong Kong and Macau, particularly in the modern services and cultural creativity sectors, indicating a growing integration of entrepreneurs from these regions into the mainland entrepreneurial ecosystem [1][2] Group 2 - The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is expected to see the establishment of 349,900 new technology innovation enterprises in 2024, making it one of the most active regions for entrepreneurship in China [2] - The region has built over 50 national key laboratories and 10 joint laboratories, with significant research resources made available to Hong Kong and Macau, enhancing collaborative innovation [2] - The "Employment + Entrepreneurship" dual-drive strategy and the "Million Talents Plan" are being implemented to strengthen the talent base and support entrepreneurs through a comprehensive support system covering policies, platforms, resources, and talent [2][3]

Core Viewpoint - The article reflects on the 70th anniversary of Qian Xuesen's return to China and the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the first "Qian Xuesen Class," emphasizing the ongoing relevance of his question regarding the cultivation of innovative talent in China's education system [1][2]. Group 1: Historical Context and Current Status - In 2005, China's higher education gross enrollment rate was 21%, and R&D expenditure was only 1.34% of GDP, highlighting the need for improvement in education and innovation [2]. - The "Qian Xuesen Question" addresses the challenges and achievements of China's education system since the reform and opening up, indicating a shift from population dividends to talent dividends [2]. Group 2: Educational Reforms and Innovations - Over the past 20 years, reforms such as the establishment of the college system, credit system, and mentorship system have been implemented to enhance the cultivation of top talent [2]. - Significant innovations in various fields, including quantum physics and space exploration, demonstrate the progress of China's innovation ecosystem [2]. Group 3: Future Directions and Challenges - Transitioning from an education power to an education stronghold requires a deep understanding of the needs of modernization in education, technology, and talent [3]. - The focus should shift from merely achieving high scores to fostering comprehensive development and innovative thinking among students [3][4]. Group 4: Long-term Vision - The answer to the "Qian Xuesen Question" lies not in specific achievements but in the potential of millions of young students, emphasizing the importance of nurturing an environment conducive to talent development [4]. - The question may not have a definitive answer, serving instead as a continuous measure of each generation's responsibility towards education and innovation [4].

Group 1 - The current demographic trends in China show a significant increase in the aging population, with over 20% of the population aged 60 and above, leading to the challenge of "getting old before getting rich" [1][2] - The concept of demographic dividend is evolving, focusing not only on quantity but also on quality, as improvements in education and national quality create opportunities for talent dividends [2][3] - The elderly population is increasingly active and engaged, contributing to the economy through various activities such as online shopping, education, and tourism, indicating that the demographic dividend can still be sustained [3][4] Group 2 - The "silver economy" is gaining attention, with policies being developed to support the needs of the elderly, creating a significant market potential that can drive economic growth [4][5] - There is a call for comprehensive reforms and open policies to address the challenges of an aging population while ensuring sustainable development and modernization in China [5][6] - The collective goal for all age groups in China is to improve living standards and achieve a better quality of life, reflecting a unified vision for the future [6]

Core Viewpoint - The development of venture capital in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) is crucial for regional economic growth and national industrial upgrading, especially during China's transition from high-speed to high-quality economic development [1][2]. Group 1: Role of Venture Capital in PRD - Venture capital in the PRD acts as an "accelerator" for industrial upgrading by focusing on high-tech industries such as semiconductors, artificial intelligence, low-altitude economy, new energy, and biomedicine, thereby promoting deep integration of technological and industrial innovation [2]. - The PRD venture capital landscape is characterized by a funding model that combines government guidance, social participation, and international collaboration, which helps attract both domestic and international capital [2]. - The region's venture capital also serves as an "incubator" for innovation, leveraging its extensive industrial clusters to support disruptive innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) [2]. Group 2: Policy and Structural Support - The Guangdong provincial government plans to implement an action plan by 2025 to enhance the quality of venture capital development, which includes optimizing government fund assessment mechanisms and encouraging insurance institutions to invest in venture capital funds [1]. - The PRD is fostering a collaborative environment through policy reforms that facilitate talent mobility and align talent recruitment with industrial needs, thus acting as a "glue" for regional collaboration [2]. Group 3: Transition from Labor to Talent - The venture capital development in the PRD is transitioning from relying on labor resources to supporting innovative talent resources, exemplified by initiatives like the "Yueke Rong" program that includes Hong Kong and Macau tech enterprises [3]. - This shift emphasizes the importance of connecting capital with core elements such as talent, technology, and industry, positioning the PRD as a model for integrating venture capital ecosystems with industrial upgrading [3].

Core Viewpoint - Talent is identified as the primary resource for economic and social development, with a focus on enhancing both the quantity and quality of talent to support modernization and national rejuvenation [1][2][3]. Group 1: Talent Development and Economic Transition - The traditional demographic dividend is diminishing, but a talent dividend is emerging, with over 800 million people of working age and more than 250 million individuals having received higher education, indicating significant potential for resource conversion [2][3]. - The transition from factor-driven to innovation-driven economic growth necessitates continuous improvement in talent quality to sustain economic growth and foster new productive forces [2][3]. Group 2: Systematic Approach to Talent Dividend - Accelerating the release of the talent dividend requires a comprehensive approach that spans public education, vocational training, health, and the overall talent environment [4][5]. - Higher education plays a crucial role in cultivating high-level talent, with China having the largest higher education system globally, yet there is a need to increase the proportion of research-oriented universities [4]. Group 3: Skills and Health Enhancement - The number of skilled workers has increased, exceeding 200 million, but high-skilled talent remains insufficient, constituting only about 8% of the total workforce, highlighting a gap compared to developed countries [5]. - Health is a critical indicator of human capital, with significant improvements in health metrics, such as maternal and child mortality rates, indicating a need for continued investment in public health and wellness [6]. Group 4: Optimizing Talent Environment - Creating a high-quality talent development ecosystem is essential for unleashing creative potential, with ongoing reforms aimed at enhancing talent cultivation, utilization, and incentives [7]. - Addressing issues such as uniform talent evaluation and incentive mechanisms is necessary to foster an environment that respects labor, knowledge, and innovation, thereby enhancing the overall talent dividend [7].

Core Viewpoint - Emphasizing education is crucial for the future, and winning in education is essential for winning the future, reflecting a national strategy and a deeply rooted belief among the people [1][4]. Group 1: Importance of Gaokao - The Gaokao (National College Entrance Examination) has evolved, moving from a singular focus to a multidimensional selection process, marking a shift from the era of "one exam determines life" [1]. - The Gaokao serves as a significant experience in personal growth, providing valuable skills such as resilience, willpower, and focus [1]. - The examination continues to play a vital role in talent selection and supporting national development, while promoting educational equity and social mobility [2]. Group 2: Educational Reforms and Inclusivity - The education sector has made strides in inclusivity, with over 14,000 disabled students receiving support to participate in the Gaokao this year, and the number of rural and impoverished students admitted to key universities increasing from 10,000 in 2012 to 134,000 in 2023 [3]. - Continuous improvements in educational policies aim to enhance fairness in education, ensuring every child has the opportunity to succeed regardless of their background [3]. Group 3: National Strategy and Modernization - Education is viewed as a national priority, integral to advancing China's modernization and transforming the demographic dividend into a talent dividend through technological innovation [3]. - The commitment to education is seen as a pathway to enhance the quality of life and happiness of the populace, with a focus on building a high-quality education system [3].