因涉及的产业链、从业者、消费者覆盖面广，外界十分关注外卖市场竞争变化情况。特别是在近几个 月，外卖平台的补贴大战愈演愈烈，这也引发了行业内外的诸多思考：补贴大战是否真的能做大市场？ 骑手、商家、消费者的权益是否得到了保障？当补贴力度退坡后，行业又该何去何从？ 近日，《中国经营报》旗下在线访谈节目"零观科技"推出一期主题为"呼吁良性竞争：外卖'卷低价'不利 于多方共赢"的讨论，多位权威专家对此发表了自己的意见和建议。 "鲶鱼"入池搅动一潭"死水" 多年来，我国外卖市场存在美团、饿了么两大平台，其中美团市场份额达到70%，是主导平台。在这种 市场格局下，外卖行业存在许多为人诟病的问题。 中国社会科学院财经战略研究院服务经济与互联网发展研究室研究员李勇坚认为，此前餐饮商家的外卖 利润率低，很多商家不得不考虑降低成本，在此过程中，容易出现"幽灵外卖"。此外，骑手的劳动权益 也是长期以来备受社会关注的问题。 中国人民大学应用经济学院副院长，中国人民大学杰出学者、教授、博士生导师黄阳华表示，在竞争不 够充分的情况下，中小商家在平台上缺乏足够的自主权，同时面临相对比较高的佣金，平台还可能通过 差别化的费率，以及导流等方式， ...

Core Insights - The report analyzes user behavior changes, market dynamics, and industry trends in the context of subsidy competition among Meituan, Alibaba, and JD.com in the food delivery and instant retail sectors [1][2]. Policy Insights - JD.com entered the food delivery market in early 2025, triggering a fierce subsidy war with initiatives like zero-cost purchases and discount coupons, significantly boosting short-term consumer spending. However, as regulatory policies emerged, the subsidy boom began to wane [2][6]. Market Insights - Subsidies became the primary tool for platforms to acquire and engage users, leading to increased order frequency, category exploration, and platform-switching intentions. As subsidies diminish, competition is expected to shift from price wars to value-based competition [3][5]. User Insights - Active users exhibit high price sensitivity and low platform loyalty, frequently switching platforms and stacking discounts. With reduced subsidies, users are raising their expectations regarding price, service, and product quality. There is a strong demand for rapid delivery, healthy meals, and innovative product categories, with users willing to pay for these services [4][5][20]. Future Trends - The industry is transitioning from a "subsidy-driven" model to a "value-driven" approach, necessitating platforms to build sustainable competitive advantages through service innovation, product quality, and refined operations. User demographics and consumption habits are evolving, pushing the industry into a new phase of high-quality development [5][6]. User Demographics - The majority of users are concentrated in first-tier and new first-tier cities (nearly 60%), with 40.85% from second-tier and lower cities, indicating widespread penetration of food delivery services across various city levels [7]. - 74.5% of users are office workers, with over 80% having a disposable income of over 5,000 yuan per month [9]. - Users aged 26-40 make up 64.10% of the respondents, with the 31-35 age group being the largest segment at 27.72% [10]. Consumption Behavior - Food delivery and instant retail have become integral to daily life, with nearly 70% of users placing orders three or more times a week. The primary motivations for ordering include convenience and time constraints [16][18]. - 82.47% of users express strong reliance on food delivery platforms, confirming their essential role in daily life [20]. Impact of Subsidy War - During the subsidy war, user penetration rates for platforms like Meituan (81.10%), JD.com (69.76%), and Taobao (66.46%) exceeded 60%, with users averaging 3.86 platforms [22]. - The subsidy war increased users' willingness to try new platforms, with 55.37% trying JD.com for the first time during this period [24]. Post-Subsidy War Dynamics - After the subsidy war, user retention rates began to show differentiation, with 67.61% of users planning to retain Meituan, while 47.24% and 45.66% expressed intentions to keep using JD.com and Ele.me, respectively [26]. - 52.61% of users have no plans to uninstall any platforms, indicating that food delivery services have become deeply integrated into daily life [28]. User Sensitivity to Subsidies - Over 90% of users are aware of the subsidy activities, with 63.31% actively seeking information about promotions [32]. - 93.62% of users reported increased order frequency due to subsidies, while 90.20% switched platforms because of promotional offers [36][38]. Competitive Differentiation - Users perceive different platforms as having distinct competitive advantages: Taobao leads in price perception (35.55%), while JD.com excels in delivery speed (32.70%) [46][47]. - 45.02% of users consider subsidies the primary factor in platform selection, indicating high price sensitivity alongside a focus on service quality [52]. Innovation and Service Preferences - Post-subsidy, users prioritize improvements in product quality (58.45%) and delivery speed (47.39%) [55]. - There is a notable willingness to pay for customized healthy meals (44.87%) and rapid delivery services (51.50%) [57][58]. Strategic Recommendations - Platforms should focus on user needs by enhancing product quality and delivery reliability, developing differentiated services, optimizing pricing structures, and leveraging technology for better user insights [61][64].

Group 1 - The phenomenon of customers ordering takeout and consuming it in-store has become increasingly common, leading to a disparity in pricing between takeout and dine-in options [5][10][14] - Customers have discovered that takeout prices can be significantly lower than dine-in prices, sometimes by as much as 50%, due to aggressive discounting strategies by delivery platforms [6][8][10] - This trend has created tension between customers and restaurant owners, as many businesses are struggling to maintain profitability amidst rising operational costs and the pressure of delivery platform subsidies [11][14][18] Group 2 - Some restaurant owners have expressed frustration over customers taking advantage of lower takeout prices while dining in their establishments, leading to potential loss of revenue and increased operational costs [10][11][14] - The financial burden on restaurants is highlighted by a case where a restaurant's takeout revenue was significantly impacted by high subsidy costs, leading to a situation where the business could face closure [14] - There are mixed responses from restaurant owners regarding the acceptance of takeout consumption in-store, with some welcoming it while others have implemented restrictions to protect their margins [15][17]

Core Viewpoint - Major food delivery platforms including Meituan, JD.com, Ele.me, and Taobao have collectively committed to resisting disorderly and malicious competition, particularly in response to the recent "subsidy war" [1][5][8]. Group 1: Company Statements - Ele.me and Taobao issued a joint statement emphasizing the need to plan subsidies reasonably based on consumer and merchant needs, while also ensuring merchants' rights to know, choose, and set prices [5][8]. - Meituan stated that it will strictly adhere to various laws and regulations, ensuring that subsidy activities do not involve selling goods and services at prices significantly below cost [5][8]. - JD.com declared its commitment to resisting malicious competition and will not engage in practices like "0 yuan purchases" that distort market dynamics [5][8]. Group 2: Market Reactions - Following the announcements, stock prices for Meituan, JD.com, and Alibaba saw significant increases in the Hong Kong market [1]. - The market capitalization of JD.com is reported at HKD 361 billion, with a trading volume of 8.2073 million shares on August 1 [3]. Group 3: Industry Context - The recent subsidy wars have placed many merchants in a difficult position, with reports indicating that while high subsidies initially boost order volumes, they lead to a decline in average order value once subsidies are withdrawn [5][6]. - Industry associations have called for an end to "involutionary" price wars and urged platforms to stop interfering with merchants' pricing rights, advocating for a focus on food safety and support for small businesses [7][8]. Group 4: Future Implications - The upcoming "first cup of milk tea in autumn" promotion period is anticipated to be a critical time for observing how platforms implement their marketing strategies in light of the recent commitments [9].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent shift in the competitive landscape of food delivery platforms in China, particularly the cessation of aggressive subsidy wars, referred to as "Crazy Saturday," as major players like Meituan, Alibaba's Taobao, Ele.me, and JD.com announce a move towards more regulated promotional practices to combat unfair competition [3][6]. Group 1: Industry Response to Subsidy Wars - On August 1, Meituan, Taobao, Ele.me, and JD.com issued statements to address the rampant subsidies that have drawn public concern, pledging to resist unfair competition [6][8]. - Meituan characterized the recent subsidy competition as "disorderly," while Taobao, Ele.me, and JD.com labeled it as "malicious competition" [6][7]. - The platforms emphasized the importance of respecting merchants' autonomy in pricing and participation in promotional activities, with Meituan stating it would not exaggerate subsidy totals or force merchants into participation [7][8]. Group 2: Impact on Merchants - Merchants have expressed concerns that the subsidy wars have created a "false prosperity," with many feeling pressured to participate in promotions that ultimately harm their profitability [10][13]. - A representative from a major tea brand noted that the drastic reductions in prices due to subsidies have altered consumer behavior, making it difficult to return to normal pricing once subsidies are removed [11][13]. - Merchants fear that the end of subsidies will lead to a significant drop in orders, as customers may not return to previous spending levels [11][13]. Group 3: Regulatory Environment - Following a meeting with the State Administration for Market Regulation, the platforms were urged to comply with various laws and to engage in rational competition to foster a healthy ecosystem for consumers, merchants, and delivery personnel [8][10]. - The platforms have begun to scale back their marketing efforts in response to regulatory pressure, although variations of aggressive subsidies still persist [8][10]. Group 4: Future Outlook - Analysts suggest that while the subsidies have effectively driven traffic, the challenge lies in retaining these customers once the promotions cease [13]. - The competitive landscape is shifting from a "capital war" to an "efficiency war," where long-term success will depend on balancing user demand for low prices, rider rights, and sustainable merchant profitability [13].

8月1日，美团、饿了么、京东先后发布声明表示，坚决抵制恶性竞争，坚决规范促销行为，杜绝不正当竞争行为，推动建立公平有序行业秩序，促进各方 互利共赢。 图：视觉中国 美团发文《繁荣行业生态，抵制无序竞争》，承诺从自身做起，并积极呼吁行业共同构建良好生态，促进餐饮服务行业规范健康持续发展。美团承诺： 一是开展补贴活动严格遵守《反垄断法》《反不正当竞争法》《电子商务法》《价格法》《反食品浪费法》等法律法规，不以显著低于成本的价格销售商 品和服务，严重扭曲价格信号，扰乱市场竞争秩序，造成浪费。 二是开展补贴活动依法向商家和消费者公示补贴信息，不对补贴总额进行夸大宣传。 三是不强制或变相强制商家参加补贴活动，切实保障商家自主定价权。 四是对商家和消费者遵循无歧视原则，确保促销补贴活动公平性，不通过选择性补贴伤害中小商户利益。 五是积极构建消费者、商家、外卖骑手和平台企业等多方共赢的良好生态。 饿了么发文《持续提升服务，推动良性竞争，激发消费烟火气》承诺：从消费者和商家需求出发，合理规划发放补贴，坚决抵制恶性竞争，持续提升服务 质量，合作促进生态共赢。 京东官方发文《践行主体责任和社会责任，共建外卖行业健康生态》，承诺规 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent competition among food delivery platforms, characterized by significant subsidies, is being curtailed as companies like Meituan and Alibaba's Taobao aim to regulate promotional activities and combat unfair competition [1][3][8]. Group 1: Market Response - Following discussions, marketing efforts across platforms have been reduced, although variations of large subsidies, such as zero-yuan purchases and one-cent purchases, continue [1][8]. - As of the report, Meituan and Alibaba's stocks rose over 2%, while JD.com saw an increase of over 1% [2]. Group 2: Regulatory Actions - On August 1, Meituan and Taobao, in conjunction with Ele.me, announced their commitment to resist unfair competition and regulate promotional activities due to heightened societal concern [3]. - Meituan described the recent subsidy wars as "disorderly competition," while Taobao and Ele.me referred to it as "malicious competition" [3]. Group 3: Compliance and Standards - Meituan outlined five key areas to promote a healthy and sustainable development of the food service industry, including adherence to various laws and regulations, transparency in subsidy information, and ensuring fair treatment of merchants [4][5][6][7]. - The platforms aim to create a win-win ecosystem for consumers, merchants, delivery riders, and platform companies, emphasizing that irrational competition harms all parties involved [7][8]. Group 4: Merchant Perspectives - Merchants have expressed concerns that the subsidy wars create a "false prosperity," with many feeling pressured to participate in subsidy activities to maintain order volume, leading to unsustainable business practices [9][11]. - A representative from a chain restaurant noted that the drastic price reductions due to subsidies could alter consumer behavior, making it difficult to return to normal pricing once subsidies are reduced [11]. Group 5: Long-term Implications - Analysts suggest that while subsidies effectively drive traffic, the challenge lies in retaining users post-subsidy, indicating a shift from a "capital war" to an "efficiency war" in the competitive landscape [11]. - The long-term success of platforms will depend on balancing user demand for low prices, ensuring rider rights, and achieving sustainable profitability for merchants, rather than relying solely on price wars [11].

Group 1 - The A-share market has shown a strong upward trend, with the Shanghai Composite Index stabilizing above 3500 points as of July 18, leading to significant redemptions in bond funds as investors shift focus to equity investments for higher returns [1] - Over 1540 A-share companies have disclosed their semi-annual performance forecasts, with approximately 43.77% indicating positive expectations, reflecting a mixed performance among listed companies [1] Group 2 - 52 trust companies have reported their unaudited financial data for the first half of 2025, with Yingda Trust leading in profit at 1.79 billion yuan, while four companies reported losses [2] - AI applications are transitioning from technical exploration to practical implementation, with companies focusing on overcoming technical and data barriers to enhance integration with industry needs [2] Group 3 - The National Security Department has issued a warning about potential "backdoors" in chips and smart devices produced abroad, which could allow remote access to sensitive data [3] Group 4 - Multiple regions have issued warnings about illegal fundraising risks associated with virtual currencies, highlighting common tactics used in new types of online scams [4] Group 5 - The Wahaha Group's property dispute case is set for a hearing on August 1, following the death of its founder 17 months ago [5] Group 6 - JD.com and Meituan are intensifying competition in the embodied intelligence sector, with JD.com making significant investments in multiple companies [5] Group 7 - The home furnishing company Liangjiaju has announced its closure due to long-term losses attributed to the real estate sector, with reports of the founder's death [6] Group 8 - Louis Vuitton has reported a data breach affecting approximately 420,000 customers in Hong Kong, prompting an investigation by the local privacy authority [7] Group 9 - Over ten regional restaurant associations have called for an end to irrational competition among food delivery platforms, urging a shift towards sustainable development [8] Group 10 - A fire incident occurred at Dongyue Silicon Material's facility, causing damage but no injuries, with an assessment of the financial impact ongoing [10] Group 11 - Jinzhikeji has announced a temporary suspension of its stock due to a planned change in control [11] Group 12 - The U.S. stock market showed mixed results, with the S&P 500 and Dow Jones experiencing slight declines while the Nasdaq saw a minor increase [12] Group 13 - Reports indicate that Trump is advocating for higher tariffs on the EU, which may influence consumer inflation expectations in the U.S. [13] Group 14 - Federal Reserve Governor Waller supports a rate cut in July, while the yield on 2-year U.S. Treasury bonds has seen a slight decline [14] Group 15 - Gold prices increased by 0.22%, while oil prices experienced volatility, initially rising before losing gains [15]

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government is intensifying regulation of the food delivery industry, particularly targeting platforms like Meituan, Ele.me, and JD.com, to curb excessive subsidies and promote fair competition [1][21][28]. Group 1: Regulatory Actions - On July 18, the State Administration for Market Regulation held talks with major food delivery platforms, emphasizing compliance with laws such as the E-commerce Law and the Anti-Unfair Competition Law [1]. - This meeting followed a previous joint discussion on May 13, indicating a strong commitment from regulators to maintain order in the food delivery market [1]. Group 2: Ongoing Subsidy Practices - Despite regulatory warnings, platforms like Meituan and Ele.me continued aggressive subsidy campaigns, including "0 yuan purchase" and extreme discounts [2][12]. - On July 19, users reported significant discounts on these platforms, with some transactions resulting in consumers paying only a fraction of the actual cost, raising concerns about sustainability [12][18]. Group 3: Market Dynamics and Competition - The competition intensified after JD.com entered the food delivery market in March 2025, leading to a series of aggressive subsidy initiatives from Meituan and Ele.me [17]. - The ongoing price war has resulted in a "three losses" scenario: merchants sacrificing long-term viability, consumers receiving lower quality, and delivery personnel facing increased physical strain [22][26]. Group 4: Impact on Merchants and Delivery Personnel - A survey indicated that 83% of restaurants involved in subsidy activities experienced profit declines, with 45% reporting losses [23]. - Delivery personnel are under significant pressure, with increased workloads leading to health issues and safety risks, as evidenced by a 37% rise in traffic accidents among riders [26]. Group 5: Consumer Experience and Quality Concerns - Consumers are facing issues such as delayed deliveries and reduced service quality, with complaints rising by 47% in July [24][26]. - The low-price strategies have led to a perception of lower quality, as many consumers are unaware of the hidden costs associated with these discounts [28]. Group 6: Long-term Industry Implications - The current subsidy-driven model is creating systemic risks within the industry, with many businesses unable to sustain operations under the pressure of continuous discounts [25][27]. - The ongoing price wars are damaging the industry's innovation potential, as businesses focus on survival rather than quality improvement [27][30]. Group 7: Recommendations for Future Development - To address the challenges, a collaborative approach involving regulators, platforms, merchants, and consumers is necessary to create a sustainable ecosystem [28][30]. - Platforms should shift from aggressive discounting to enhancing service quality and operational efficiency, while merchants need to strengthen their bargaining power against unreasonable subsidy demands [29][30].

Group 1 - The core point of the article is the ongoing fierce competition among major food delivery platforms, particularly highlighted by JD's "Super Takeout Day" on July 18, which involved significant subsidies and promotional activities to attract consumers [2][4][54] - JD launched over 10 billion yuan in subsidies during the "Super Takeout Day," offering limited-time deals such as 16.18 yuan for small crayfish, while other platforms like Meituan and Taobao Flash Sale also provided substantial discounts [7][60] - The competition has led to a dramatic increase in order volumes, with some tea and coffee brands seeing their order share rise from 10%-15% to 25%-50% on major platforms [14][60] Group 2 - The subsidy war has resulted in a significant boost for delivery riders, with some reporting daily earnings exceeding 800 yuan due to the surge in orders, which have increased by 2-3 times compared to normal [9][50] - However, the intense competition has created disparities among merchants, with chain stores benefiting from increased online orders while smaller, offline-focused businesses struggle to maintain profitability [40][41] - The article notes that the ongoing subsidy battle has led to a collective rise in stock prices for upstream supply chain companies, with some experiencing multiple consecutive days of stock price increases [11][36] Group 3 - The article discusses the potential unsustainability of the subsidy war, as platforms are burning through substantial amounts of cash, with a reported total expenditure of 250 billion yuan in July alone [54][57] - Despite the short-term gains in order volume, there are concerns about the long-term viability of such aggressive promotional strategies, as they may not be sustainable for the platforms involved [57][59] - The article concludes with a note on the evolving consumer behavior, as many users who previously rarely ordered takeout are now doing so more frequently due to the attractive subsidies [61][62]