强大国内市场是中国式现代化的战略依托。"十五五"规划建议提出，"坚持扩大内需这个战略基点""增 强国内大循环内生动力和可靠性"。 回望"十四五"，一个数字十分亮眼：86.4%！ 这是2021年至2024年内需对经济增长的平均贡献率，见证着中国"大市场"向"强市场"稳步转变。 世界经济版图上，中国稳居全球第二大消费市场、第一大网络零售市场、第二大进口市场。 循着过去4年的发展轨迹看，内需始终是经济发展的主动力和稳定锚，向上生长、向好突破的力量在不 断积蓄。 最终消费对经济增长的平均贡献率达到56.2%，比"十三五"期间提高8.6个百分点，"新"意凸显： 看服务消费，文体、旅游、康养等供需更加多元，非物质文化遗产、文博IP等"爆款"频现，城市漫步、 中式茶饮等成为时尚潮流。 投资积累的资本形成对经济增长的平均贡献率为30.2%。投资更加注重增进民生福祉，过去4年累计开 工建设筹集各类保障性住房约780万套，有效解决2000多万人的住房问题；社会民生领域投资保持较快 增长，基本公共服务水平不断提升。 投资消费相互促进。 市场消费的扩大，通过产品生产、配套建设等渠道带动投资。比如，智能手机等消费需求旺盛，带动近 4年 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of a strong domestic market as a strategic foundation for China's modernization, with a focus on expanding domestic demand as a key strategy [1] - The average contribution rate of domestic demand to economic growth from 2021 to 2024 is projected to be 86.4%, indicating a steady transition from a "large market" to a "strong market" [1] - China remains the second-largest consumer market globally, the largest online retail market, and the second-largest import market [1] Group 2 - Over the past four years, final consumption has contributed an average of 56.2% to economic growth, an increase of 8.6 percentage points compared to the "13th Five-Year Plan" period [3] - The integration of artificial intelligence into daily life has led to a surge in demand for smart products, with significant sales growth in items like smart homes and traditional cultural products [3] - The service consumption sector has diversified, with increased demand for cultural, tourism, and wellness services, highlighting trends in urban leisure and traditional tea culture [3] Group 3 - The average contribution of investment accumulation to economic growth is 30.2%, with a focus on improving living standards through the construction of approximately 7.8 million affordable housing units over the past four years [5] - Investment in social welfare has seen rapid growth, enhancing basic public service levels and promoting a virtuous cycle between consumption and investment [5] - The expansion of market consumption has driven significant investment growth in related sectors, such as a 21.9% annual increase in internet and related services investment due to high demand for smartphones [5] Group 4 - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the need to combine investments in both material and human resources, aiming to create new demand through new supply and promote a positive interaction between consumption and investment [5] - The strategy of expanding domestic demand is highlighted as a key focus, with plans to accelerate the development of a robust domestic market to invigorate internal demand [5]

Core Viewpoint - The strong domestic market is a strategic support for Chinese-style modernization, emphasizing the importance of domestic circulation to counter international uncertainties [1][5]. Group 1: New Development Pattern - The concept of constructing a new development pattern was first proposed by Xi Jinping in April 2020, highlighting its strategic significance for China's overall development [2]. - Since the 14th Five-Year Plan, China's domestic circulation has been increasingly consolidated, with domestic demand contributing an average of 86.4% to economic growth from 2021 to 2024 [3]. - The external environment is complex and challenging, necessitating a faster construction of the new development pattern to maintain development initiative [4]. Group 2: Domestic Market and Economic Resilience - As the world's second-largest economy, China must rely on a strong domestic market to enhance economic resilience and ensure stability in extreme situations [6]. - The 8th China International Import Expo showcased the vitality of China's large-scale market, with participation from 155 countries and over 4,100 foreign enterprises [7]. Group 3: Supply and Demand Coordination - The new development pattern requires simultaneous efforts on both supply and demand sides to improve the quality and efficiency of economic circulation [8]. - The "Non-Heritage Goodies" shopping month series aims to integrate traditional craftsmanship into modern life, promoting a dynamic balance between demand and supply [9]. Group 4: Advantages of the New Development Pattern - Recent cultural events, such as the Nanjing International Art Season, have attracted significant attendance and sales, indicating a growing consumer interest and economic activity [10]. - The average contribution of final consumption to economic growth is projected to be 56.2% from 2021 to 2024, while investment's contribution is expected to be 30.2% [11]. Group 5: Technological Innovation - China's technological self-reliance has significantly improved, with substantial investments in R&D expected to reach 3.61 trillion yuan by 2024, maintaining the second position globally [12]. - High-tech manufacturing and information technology services have shown remarkable growth, with increases of 9.6% and 11.2% respectively in the first three quarters of the year [12]. Group 6: High-Level Opening Up - There is a noticeable trend of foreign companies increasing R&D investments in China, with 631 foreign R&D centers established in Shanghai by September this year [13]. - The scale of goods trade is projected to grow from 32.2 trillion yuan in 2020 to approximately 43.9 trillion yuan by 2024, reflecting the benefits of high-level opening up [14]. Group 7: Strategic Deployment - The construction of a new development pattern is a systematic project that requires strategic planning and detailed implementation [15]. - Key tasks include expanding domestic demand, enhancing investment efficiency, and ensuring smooth economic circulation [15][16][17][18].

四是要以"补短板、强创新"优化供给体系，破解"产业链薄弱、投资低效"等问题。实施产业链"补链、强链、延链"工程，培育"链主"企业。优化投资结 构向民生与科技创新倾斜，落实减税降费，释放经营主体创新活力。 五是要以"扩开放、守底线"强化安全保障，破解"循环终端、风险冲击"等问题。对接国际规则，有序扩大开放。筑牢产业链安全屏障，加强金融、粮 食、能源保障。 11月29日，由人民网主办的2025国民消费大会在北京举行。与会专家学者共同聚焦消费领域前沿趋势和创新举措，围绕新型消费、健康消费、服务消费 等话题展开探讨，为提振消费、优化环境出谋划策。会上，中央党校（国家行政学院）中国式现代化研究中心主任、国家一级教授、博士生导师张占斌作 《着眼全局 做强国内大循环》主题分享。他认为，做强国内大循环是推动经济行稳致远的战略之举，要多措并举推动解决目前国内大循环存在的堵点、卡 点，增强国内大循环内生动力和可靠性。 二是要以"稳就业、增收入"筑牢消费根基。通过支持制造业、服务业技术改造吸纳就业、培育数字等新就业形态、鼓励平台企业开发灵活岗位等扩岗 位、稳就业。通过优化分配方式、加强社会保障体系建设等为消费增长注入动力。 "大国 ...

Core Viewpoint - The implementation plan aims to enhance the adaptability of supply and demand in consumer goods, setting quantifiable targets of three trillion-level consumption sectors and ten hundred-billion-level consumption hotspots by 2027, thereby optimizing the supply structure of consumer goods [1][2]. Group 1: Implementation Plan Goals - By 2027, the plan targets a significant optimization of the consumer goods supply structure, establishing three trillion-level consumption sectors and ten hundred-billion-level consumption hotspots [1]. - By 2030, a high-quality development pattern characterized by positive interaction between supply and consumption is expected to be fundamentally established, with a steady increase in the contribution of consumption to economic growth [2][3]. Group 2: Market Context and Trends - As of now, the total variety of consumer goods in China has reached 230 million, with over 100 categories, including home appliances and furniture, leading global production [2]. - In the first ten months of this year, retail sales of goods reached 36.6 trillion yuan, showing a year-on-year growth of 4.4%, which is an acceleration of 1.2 percentage points compared to the same period last year [2]. Group 3: Focus Areas for Development - The plan emphasizes the cultivation of key areas such as elderly products and smart connected vehicles, reflecting the demand driven by demographic changes and technological upgrades [4]. - The elderly products market is projected to grow from 2.6 trillion yuan in 2014 to 5.4 trillion yuan by 2024, with a compound annual growth rate of 7.3%, highlighting the importance of the silver economy [4]. Group 4: Strategies for Implementation - The plan includes measures to enhance the supply of elderly products, such as developing necessary products like nursing robots and health monitoring devices, and promoting home modifications for the elderly [4]. - To achieve the set goals, the plan calls for accelerated technological innovation, market cultivation through new consumption scenarios, and the establishment of a supportive policy framework [5].

文/ 国家发展改革委主任 郑栅洁 国家发展改革委主任郑栅洁在人民日报发表署名文章《坚持扩大内需这个 战略基点（学习贯彻党的二十届四中全会精神）》。郑栅洁表示，"十五 五"时期，我国扩大内需机遇和挑战都有新的发展变化，总体上机遇大于 挑战。要准确把握国内市场发展规律，充分发挥内需对经济发展的支撑作 用，统筹稳就业、稳企业、稳市场、稳预期，进一步做强国内大循环，有 效应对外部冲击挑战，推动我国经济平稳健康可持续发展。 习近平总书记强调，坚定实施扩大内需战略，构建完整的内需体系，关系我国长远发展和长治久安。党的二十届四中全会通过的《中共中央关于制定国民 经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》明确指出，坚持扩大内需这个战略基点，促进消费和投资、供给和需求良性互动，增强国内大循环内生动力和 可靠性。"十五五"时期，我们要持续扩大内需，进一步做强国内大循环，为加快构建新发展格局、推动高质量发展提供强有力的保障。 总的看，在重大政策、重大项目、重大工程等的带动下，我国内需规模持续扩大、质量持续提升、国际影响力持续增强，充分彰显了我国经济基础稳、优 势多、韧性强、潜能大，体现了长期向好的支撑条件和基本趋势。党的十八大以来特别 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of implementing a strategy to expand domestic demand, which is crucial for China's long-term development and stability, as outlined in the 20th Central Committee's Fourth Plenary Session [3][4]. Achievements Since the 18th National Congress - Significant achievements in expanding domestic demand have been made, with domestic demand becoming the main driver of economic growth, contributing an average of 93.1% to economic growth from 2013 to 2024 [4]. - Final consumption expenditure and capital formation reached 76.3 trillion yuan and 54.8 trillion yuan in 2024, respectively, which are 2.7 times and 2.2 times the levels in 2012 [4]. - The structure of consumption and investment has continuously upgraded, with the penetration rate of new energy vehicles rising from less than 0.1% in 2013 to 48.9% in 2024 [5]. - China has become a globally influential super-large market, with significant growth in consumption across various sectors, including white goods and mobile phones [5]. Policy Framework and Implementation - A comprehensive policy framework has been established to promote consumption and investment, including the "Strategic Plan for Expanding Domestic Demand (2022-2035)" [6]. - The government has implemented various measures to increase residents' income, with per capita disposable income growing at an average annual rate of 6.1% from 2013 to 2024 [7]. - Major projects in transportation, energy, and ecological protection have been initiated to enhance domestic supply capabilities and foster new growth drivers [8]. New Challenges and Requirements in the 15th Five-Year Plan - The 15th Five-Year Plan period presents new challenges, including the need to address the weak internal consumption dynamics and improve investment efficiency [9]. - Expanding domestic demand is seen as a strategic response to external shocks and a key point for strengthening the domestic economic cycle [10]. - The demand for services such as healthcare and cultural tourism is expected to grow, necessitating a focus on enhancing the quality of life for residents [10]. Strategic Actions for the 15th Five-Year Plan - The government aims to boost consumer spending by optimizing the environment and reducing restrictions on consumption [13]. - Effective investment will be expanded by optimizing investment structures and enhancing the efficiency of investments [14]. - Major landmark engineering projects will be implemented to align with national strategic needs, focusing on urban renewal and new energy systems [15]. - Efforts will be made to deepen the construction of a unified national market, eliminating barriers to market access and promoting the free flow of goods and services [16].

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government emphasizes the importance of expanding domestic demand as a strategic foundation for long-term development and stability, aiming to enhance the domestic circulation's internal dynamics and reliability [1][8]. Achievements in Expanding Domestic Demand - Since the 18th National Congress, domestic demand has become the main driver of economic growth, contributing an average of 93.1% to economic growth from 2013 to 2024, with final consumption and capital formation contributing 55% and 38.1% respectively [2][3]. - By 2024, final consumption expenditure and capital formation reached 76.3 trillion yuan and 54.8 trillion yuan, respectively, which are 2.7 times and 2.2 times the levels in 2012 [2]. Upgrading Consumption and Investment Structures - The sales of new energy vehicles have ranked first globally for ten consecutive years, with the domestic penetration rate of passenger cars increasing from less than 0.1% in 2013 to 48.9% in 2024 [3]. - The share of service consumption in per capita consumption expenditure rose from 39.7% in 2013 to 46.1% in 2024, while online retail sales of physical goods accounted for 26.8% of total retail sales by 2024, up from 10.8% in 2015 [3]. Global Market Influence - China has become a major global market, leading in the consumption of essential goods and services, with a significant middle-income population driving demand [3]. Policy Framework for Expanding Domestic Demand - The government has implemented various policies to promote consumption and investment, including the "Strategic Plan for Expanding Domestic Demand (2022-2035)" and the issuance of long-term special bonds to support major national strategies [4][5]. Addressing New Challenges in the 15th Five-Year Plan - The 15th Five-Year Plan period presents new challenges, including the need to enhance domestic consumption and investment efficiency, as well as to address the low service consumption ratio compared to developed countries [9][10]. Major Projects and Infrastructure Development - The government plans to implement significant projects in transportation, energy, and ecological protection to stimulate domestic demand and improve supply capabilities [6][14]. Enhancing Consumer Spending - Strategies to boost consumer spending include optimizing the environment for consumption, reducing restrictions, and increasing the supply of quality goods and services [12]. Effective Investment Expansion - The focus is on optimizing investment structures, enhancing the effectiveness of investments, and promoting a positive cycle between investment and consumption [13]. Unified National Market Construction - Efforts are being made to create a unified national market by eliminating barriers and enhancing the flow of goods and services across regions [15].

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government emphasizes the importance of expanding domestic demand as a strategic foundation for long-term development and stability, aiming to enhance the domestic circulation's internal vitality and reliability during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [1][8]. Achievements in Expanding Domestic Demand - Since the 18th National Congress, domestic demand has become the main driving force for economic growth, contributing an average of 93.1% to economic growth from 2013 to 2024, with final consumption and capital formation contributing 55% and 38.1% respectively [2][3]. - By 2024, final consumption expenditure and capital formation will reach 76.3 trillion yuan and 54.8 trillion yuan, respectively, which are 2.7 times and 2.2 times the levels in 2012 [2]. Upgrading Consumption and Investment Structures - The sales of new energy vehicles have ranked first globally for ten consecutive years, with the domestic penetration rate of passenger cars increasing from less than 0.1% in 2013 to 48.9% in 2024 [3]. - The share of service consumption in per capita consumption expenditure rose from 39.7% in 2013 to 46.1% in 2024, while online retail sales of physical goods accounted for 26.8% of total retail sales by 2024, up from 10.8% in 2015 [3]. Policy Framework for Expanding Domestic Demand - The government has implemented various policies to promote consumption and investment, including the "Strategic Plan for Expanding Domestic Demand (2022-2035)" and the issuance of long-term special bonds to support major national strategies [4][5]. Addressing New Challenges in the 14th Five-Year Plan - The 14th Five-Year Plan period presents new challenges, including the need to enhance domestic consumption and investment efficiency, as well as to address the low service consumption ratio compared to developed countries [9][10]. - The government aims to meet the diverse and personalized needs of the population, particularly in areas such as healthcare, education, and cultural tourism, to improve living standards [9][10]. Implementation of Key Projects - The government plans to implement significant engineering projects in urban renewal, strategic transportation, and new energy systems, while also focusing on service consumption infrastructure [14][15]. Promoting a Unified National Market - Efforts are being made to eliminate barriers to market access and improve the efficiency of the domestic market, including reducing the number of negative lists for market entry and enhancing the logistics system [15].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of implementing a strategy to expand domestic demand, which is crucial for China's long-term development and stability [1] Achievements Since the 18th National Congress - Domestic demand has become the main driving force for economic growth, contributing an average of 93.1% to economic growth from 2013 to 2024, with final consumption and capital formation contributing 55% and 38.1% respectively [2] - By 2024, final consumption expenditure and capital formation reached 76.3 trillion yuan and 54.8 trillion yuan, respectively, which are 2.7 times and 2.2 times that of 2012 [2] - The structure of consumption and investment has continuously upgraded, with the penetration rate of new energy vehicles rising from less than 0.1% in 2013 to 48.9% in 2024 [3] - China has become a globally influential super-large market, with significant growth in per capita consumption of white goods and mobile phones [3] Policy Framework and Implementation - A comprehensive policy framework has been established to promote consumption and investment, including the "Strategic Plan for Expanding Domestic Demand (2022-2035)" [4] - Employment and social security policies have been implemented to increase residents' income, with per capita disposable income growing at an average annual rate of 6.1% from 2013 to 2024 [5] - Major projects in transportation, energy, and ecological protection have been initiated to enhance supply-side advantages and foster new development momentum [6] New Challenges and Requirements for the 15th Five-Year Plan - The 15th Five-Year Plan period is critical for expanding domestic demand amid complex international and domestic conditions [8] - There is a need to address issues such as weak consumer motivation and investment efficiency, as well as barriers in the unified national market [9] - The strategy to expand domestic demand is essential for meeting the diverse needs of the population and improving living standards [9] Strategic Actions for the 15th Five-Year Plan - Efforts will focus on boosting consumer spending by optimizing the environment and reducing restrictions on consumption [12] - Investment structures will be optimized to stimulate private investment and enhance the quality of projects [13] - Major landmark engineering projects will be implemented in key areas such as urban renewal and new energy systems [14] - The construction of a unified national market will be advanced to eliminate barriers and promote the smooth flow of goods and factors [15]