Core Viewpoint - China's macroeconomic operation continues to show overall stability and progress, with a projected growth rate of around 5% for the year, laying a solid foundation for the 14th Five-Year Plan and 2026 [2][17]. Economic Performance - The industrial added value maintained a stable and relatively fast growth, with a year-on-year increase of 4.8% in November and 6.0% from January to November [4]. - Fixed asset investment is on a downward trend, with a total of 444,035 billion yuan from January to November, a year-on-year decrease of 2.6%. Excluding real estate development investment, fixed asset investment grew by 0.8% [4][6]. - Real estate investment saw a significant decline of 15.9% year-on-year from January to November, with the decline expanding compared to the previous month [12]. Consumption Trends - Social retail sales totaled 43,898 billion yuan in November, with a year-on-year growth of 1.3% and a cumulative growth of 4.0% from January to November [7]. - Consumption patterns show steady growth in basic and some upgraded goods, with significant increases in food, communication equipment, and cultural office supplies [7]. Export Resilience - Exports showed strong resilience, with a year-on-year increase of 5.9% in November, reaching a record high of 330.35 billion USD for the year [9]. - Exports to the US stabilized, while growth rates for exports to ASEAN and the EU remained robust, compensating for the decline in exports to the US [9]. Financial Indicators - Social financing maintained good growth, with a total of 2.49 trillion yuan in November, a year-on-year increase of 1,597 billion yuan [14]. - The Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose to 0.7% year-on-year in November, indicating a steady upward trend in prices [14]. Future Economic Outlook - The central economic work conference indicated that achieving the 5% growth target for 2025 is highly likely, with a focus on stabilizing employment, enterprises, and market expectations for 2026 [17][18]. - Fiscal policy is expected to maintain an expansionary stance, with a projected deficit rate of 4%-4.2% and an increase in special government bond issuance to support key areas [21]. - Monetary policy will remain flexible, with potential small-scale adjustments to interest rates and reserve requirements to ensure liquidity and support economic growth [22].

年报 2025 年 12 月 摘要： 展望 2026 中国经济，投资方面，政府财政规模严格受限，货币宽松有度， 投资总额可能延续 25 年温和增长的态势；外贸方面，国际形势更加复杂，2026 年可能小幅增长；消费可能成为未来中国最重要的经济支撑和政策抓手。 中美贸易协议持续至 2026 年 11 月，因此美国关税政策可能不会出现更多 变化。美联储现任主席鲍威尔任期持续至 5 月 15 日，新任主席为哈塞特或沃 尔什，预计两者都会顺应特朗普大幅宽松和持续降息的想法，2026 年下半年 可能再次迎来降息周期。 现货方面重点关注美国铜库存情况。目前美铜库存已经累积至 55 万吨左 右，足够扭转全球铜现货供需格局，所以导致全球铜现货供应紧张，成为 12 月铜价大涨的主导因素之一。 研究员： 张天骜 南京大学理学学士 爱尔兰都柏林大学数理金融学 硕士 从业资格证：F3002734 投资咨询证：TZ0012680 电话：025-52278450 邮箱： zhangtianao@ftol.com.cn 年报 2025-12 总体而言，2026 铜价首要决定性因素仍是中美货币政策和财政政策；次 要影响因素是全球经济数据和就业 ...

Investment consulting business qualification：CSRC License [2012] No. 669 投资咨询业务资格：证监许可【2012】669 号 中信期货国际化研究 | CITIC Futures International Research 2025-12-17 China Monetary Policy Outlook: Moderate Easing 2026 年中国货币政策展望：如何理解适度宽松 | 张 陆 | Zhang Lu | | 从业资格号 Qualification No：F03105230 | 投资咨询号 Consulting No.：Z0021341 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 程小庆 | | Cheng Xiaoqing | 从业资格号 Qualification No：F3083989 | 投资咨询号 Consulting No.：Z0018635 | | 张菁 | Zhang Jing | | 从业资格号 Qualification No：F3022617 | 投资咨询号 Consulti ...

日本经济财政谘问会议民间成员永滨利广：高市早苗政府的经济政策将把重点放在利用财政政策提振经济供应面，货币政策则扮演辅助角色。前日本央行副行长、政府政策小组委员若田部昌澄：日本必须通过财政政策、增长策略提高中性利率。鉴于中性利率水准，央行应该避免过早加息、过度调整货币政策援助。 ...

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The report focuses on the U.S. economic landscape, particularly in relation to tariffs and fiscal policy ahead of the midterm elections in 2026 [2][5][30]. Core Insights and Arguments - **Cost of Living Concerns**: The cost of living remains the top issue for voters, with 29% citing it as their primary concern, an increase from 25% prior to the 2024 presidential election [2][5]. - **Political Landscape**: Democrats are perceived to have an advantage in the House for the upcoming midterms, while Republicans maintain a safer majority in the Senate [5][30]. - **Tariff Policy**: - The Supreme Court is expected to rule on the legality of tariffs imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), which could lead to lower tariff rates [2][7][11]. - A decline in the effective tariff rate is anticipated, with projections indicating a reduction of around 2 percentage points (pp) by the end of 2026 [2][18]. - The administration may seek to replace IEEPA tariffs with tariffs under different authorities, potentially capping rates at 15% [2][12]. - **Fiscal Policy**: - A second fiscal package is considered possible but unlikely due to high hurdles in Congress [30][34]. - Proposed measures include extending health insurance subsidies and additional defense spending, but consensus among Republicans is lacking [30][34][36]. - The potential for a $2000/person tariff rebate has not gained traction due to fiscal concerns and opposition to the tariffs [30][35]. Additional Important Content - **Housing Policy**: Executive actions on housing are likely, focusing on government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, with potential adjustments in loan pricing and the introduction of a 50-year mortgage product [3][40]. - **USMCA Review**: The review of the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) in 2026 could lead to lower tariffs on imports from Canada and Mexico, particularly on products subject to sectoral tariffs [28][30]. - **US-China Relations**: The economic relationship with China is expected to stabilize, with a recent agreement to delay export controls and reduce tariffs from 20% to 10% [29][30]. - **Sectoral Tariffs**: Investigations into sectors like pharmaceuticals and semiconductors may not lead to immediate tariff impositions, as the administration is likely to proceed cautiously [23][24]. This summary encapsulates the critical insights and projections regarding U.S. economic policies, particularly in the context of tariffs and fiscal measures leading up to the midterm elections.

Q&A 如何看待近期债市的波动及其背后的逻辑？ 近期债市的波动主要围绕政治局会议和中央经济工作会议后的市场再定价展开。 经济工作会议公布后，市场交易情绪明显积极，但随后出现部分回吐。这反映 出当前市场对财政货币政策预期差及其传导路径已发生显著变化。传统上，财 政发力与否直接影响实物工作量预期，从而影响经济增长速度，并最终决定货 币政策状态。然而，目前财政动作更多是为了化解债务，而非增加政府支出或 基础建设投资。因此，债券供给直接决定收益率定价，而不是通过复杂的传导 链条。 12 月份最后两周是财政集中支出期，但资金最紧张时点通常在 12 月中 旬。本周税期窗口期资金面偏紧，年末财政支出增加或缓解压力。中小 机构年末有兑现服务需求，但指引行为可能提前结束。 当前十年和 30 年国债利差为 40BP，短期内大幅偏离概率较低。若十年 国债波动区间为 1.8%-1.85%，则 30 年国债对应区间为 2.18%- 2.27%。30 年国债在 2.50%附近是较好的入场点，可能吸引外围资金。 央行近期投放边际超额幅度不大，6 个月边际利率可能维持当前水平， 存单收益率预计维持在 1.65%左右。交易逻辑应从供给和市场预 ...

贝森特很乐观，因为美国这么折腾之下，预计2025年全年GDP增速将达到惊人的3.5%！我们先不说通胀、逆差、美债之类的老生常谈的问题，仅就 美国现在这个经济体量，又是消费主导的经济体现况而言，我不得不感慨一句：美国的经济韧性确实是强，有效需求确定是旺，所以投资下去的赚 钱效应明显，这种全世界唱衰，"明天就要崩盘"的预期下，一年下去，GDP涨了3.5%，也算经济史的奇迹2.0！ 我们现在一起来看下昨天美国经济数据的一锅炖：美国11月非农就业人口增加6.4万人，高于市场预期的5万人；但失业率却意外升至4.6%，创下 2021年9月以来的新高！美国10月零售销售环比持平，略低于预期的0.1%增长！美国12月标普全球制造业PMI初值下滑至51.8，创5个月新低！这些 数据，似乎都在说：美国经济在高利率环境下"内部疲软因素上升"！ 我们接下去就简单分析下： 一、就业市场：结构性问题 美国11月非农看似延续就业市场韧性，但失业率却意外攀升至4.6%，创下2021年9月以来的新高，同时前期数据大幅下修，10月非农就业从初值修正 为减少10.5万人，较预期的下降2.5万超出四倍，8月和9月合计下修3.3万人。这种"新增就业与 ...

编者按：日前召开的中央经济工作会议，明确了明年经济工作的总体要求和政策取向，部署了明年经济 工作"八个坚持"的重点任务，抓住关键、纲举目张。为深入学习贯彻会议精神，本报即日起推出"落实 会议部署 问答中国经济"系列述评，围绕发展目标设定、赤字规模安排、推动投资企稳等10个方面热点 问题展开讨论，敬请关注。 财政政策作为宏观调控的主要手段，通过预算、政府债券、税收等工具组合，发挥扩大总需求和定向调 结构的双重优势，实现经济质的有效提升和量的合理增长。在中央经济工作会议提出"保持必要的财政 赤字、债务总规模和支出总量"的总体要求后，市场对明年财政赤字率的设定高度关注。 财政赤字是衡量全年财政政策力度和财政风险水平的重要指标，直接关系到年内政府支出规模。目前， 市场机构与业内人士对财政赤字率的预期较为一致，预计明年赤字率不低于今年水平，即不低于4%。 该赤字率水平既能延续财政扩张态势，又避免了债务风险过快累积。 财政赤字率是社会各界观察宏观政策力度的风向标，从稳定市场预期角度看，"十五五"开局之年的财政 赤字率水平不宜低于上年。2025年，财政政策取向转为"更加积极"，赤字率大幅提升1个百分点至4%， 为近年最高水 ...

编者按： 日前召开的中央经济工作会议，明确了明年经济工作的总体要求和政策取向，部署了明年经济工 作"八个坚持"的重点任务，抓住关键、纲举目张。为深入学习贯彻会议精神，本报即日起推出"落实 会议部署 问答中国经济"系列述评，围绕发展目标设定、赤字规模安排、推动投资企稳等10个方面 热点问题展开讨论，敬请关注。 财政政策作为宏观调控的主要手段，通过预算、政府债券、税收等工具组合，发挥扩大总需求和定向调结构 的双重优势，实现经济质的有效提升和量的合理增长。在中央经济工作会议提出"保持必要的财政赤字、债务 总规模和支出总量"的总体要求后，市场对明年财政赤字率的设定高度关注。 财政赤字是衡量全年财政政策力度和财政风险水平的重要指标，直接关系到年内政府支出规模。目前，市场 机构与业内人士对财政赤字率的预期较为一致，预计明年赤字率不低于今年水平，即不低于4%。该赤字率水 平既能延续财政扩张态势，又避免了债务风险过快累积。 财政赤字率是社会各界观察宏观政策力度的风向标，从稳定市场预期角度看，"十五五"开局之年的财政赤字 率水平不宜低于上年。2025年，财政政策取向转为"更加积极"，赤字率大幅提升1个百分点至4%，为近年最 高 ...

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant information provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report The overall economic situation shows a mixed picture. The external demand has improved, and prices have generally increased, but domestic demand is still bottom - seeking. Policies are expected to be more active in 2026 to support economic recovery, and the bond market is expected to have opportunities. Multiple institutions are optimistic about the continued rebound of Chinese assets in 2026 [24][25][30]. Summary by Directory 1. Macro Data - GDP in Q3 2025 grew at a 4.8% year - on - year rate, lower than the previous quarter's 5.2% but higher than the 4.6% of the same period last year [1]. - In November 2025, the manufacturing PMI was 49.2%, the non - manufacturing PMI for business activities was 49.5%, both showing certain trends compared to previous periods [1]. - Social financing scale in November 2025 was not provided, with previous values of 24,885 billion yuan and 8,161 billion yuan, and the same - period value last year of 23,288 billion yuan [1]. - CPI in November 2025 increased by 0.7% year - on - year, and PPI decreased by 2.2% year - on - year [1]. - Fixed - asset investment (excluding rural households) from January to November 2025 had a cumulative year - on - year decline of 2.6%, and the social consumer goods retail total had a cumulative year - on - year increase of 4.0% [1]. - Exports in November 2025 increased by 5.9% year - on - year, and imports increased by 1.9% year - on - year [1]. 2. Commodity Investment Reference Comprehensive - In 2026, expanding domestic demand is the top priority, and efforts will be made to boost consumption from both supply and demand sides. The real estate market will be stabilized from both supply and demand ends [2]. - Anti - dumping duties of 4.9% - 19.8% will be imposed on imported pork and pork by - products from the EU starting from December 17, 2025, for a period of 5 years [2]. - On December 16, 2025, 42 domestic commodity varieties had positive basis, and 25 had negative basis [2]. Metals - Copper prices soared to a record high, partly due to the large - scale copper hoarding by the US. The LME's three - month copper price reached a high of $11,952 per ton last Friday, currently around $11,626 per ton, up about 33% this year [4]. - On December 15, 2025, zinc, lead, tin, and copper inventories reached new highs, while nickel and aluminum inventories decreased [5]. - Morgan Stanley expects nickel prices to rebound to around $15,500 per ton in 2026 [5]. - Goldman Sachs raised its forecast for the average copper price in 2026 from $10,650 to $11,400 per ton, and there is a 55% probability that the Trump administration will announce a 15% copper import tariff in the first half of 2026, which may take effect in 2027 and increase to 30% in 2028 [6]. Coal, Coke, Steel, and Minerals - A series of measures to rectify the "involution - style" competition in the steel industry are being implemented, and the upstream coke and iron ore prices have declined [7]. - Yichun plans to cancel 27 mining licenses, including Jiangte Motor's Yifeng County Shiziling Lithium - bearing Porcelain Stone Mine [7]. - Rio Tinto will launch the first phase of a project in Western Australia, with an estimated iron ore production of 50 million tons per year by 2030 [8]. - Japan will cooperate with Malaysia in the exploration and development of rare earth and other mineral resources [8]. - In November 2025, Brazilian steel sales decreased by 3.5% year - on - year to 1.748 million tons. It is expected that in 2026, exports will decrease by 0.6% to 10.18 million tons, and imports will increase by 3.9% to 6.65 million tons [8]. - As of early December 2025, the prices of coke and coking coal in the circulation field declined [8]. Energy and Chemicals - The National Energy Administration will strengthen energy supervision and ensure the safety of the energy and power system in 2026 [9]. - Hungary signed a 5 - year LNG procurement agreement with Chevron for a total of 2 billion cubic meters [9]. - Last week, US API crude oil inventories decreased by 9.322 million barrels, exceeding expectations [9]. - The price discount of Venezuelan Merey crude oil widened to a $21 - per - barrel discount compared to Brent crude oil [9]. - JP Morgan will seek about $14 billion in funds for Argentina's LNG export project [9]. Agricultural Products - The Indian market regulatory body will propose to relax commodity derivatives rules, cancel the ban on agricultural product derivatives trading, and reduce margin requirements [10]. - As of December 14, 2025, EU's 2025/26 soft wheat exports were 10.5 million tons, barley exports were 5 million tons, corn imports were 7.5 million tons, and soybean meal imports were 8.3 million tons [10]. 3. Financial News Compilation Open Market - On December 16, 2025, the central bank conducted 135.3 billion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchase operations, with a net investment of 18 billion yuan [11]. Key News - In 2026, expanding domestic demand is the top priority, and efforts will be made to boost consumption from both supply and demand sides. The real estate market will be stabilized from both supply and demand ends [12]. - The National Development and Reform Commission will take measures to stabilize bulk consumption, improve the social security system, and promote a fair market order [12]. - Shenzhen will prevent and resolve financial risks, support the reform of the GEM, and enhance the competitiveness of the capital market [13]. - In 2026, the central bank will continue to implement a moderately loose monetary policy and maintain financial market stability [13]. - The market expects the fiscal deficit rate in 2026 to be no less than 4% [14]. - BofA Securities expects the downward trend of the mainland real estate market to bottom out in 2026 [14]. - Vanke will hold a bondholder meeting to discuss the adjusted extension plan for "22 Vanke MTN004" [14]. - On December 16, 2025, the on - shore and off - shore RMB exchange rates against the US dollar reached new highs in 14 months, and the RMB is expected to appreciate moderately in 2026 [15]. - As of December 16, 2025, commercial banks issued 58 green financial bonds, with a total issuance scale of 458.2 billion yuan, a year - on - year increase of over 202% [15]. - The EU plans to issue about 90 billion euros in bonds in the first half of 2026 [15]. - The US Treasury Secretary is optimistic about the US economic outlook, expecting a 3.5% GDP growth in 2025 [16]. - In November 2025, the US added 64,000 non - farm jobs, but the unemployment rate rose to 4.6% [16]. Bond Market Review - Bond market sentiment improved slightly. Yields of major inter - bank interest - bearing bonds mostly declined slightly, and Treasury bond futures showed a differentiated trend [19]. - In the exchange - traded bond market, Vanke bonds generally rose, and the Wande Real Estate Bond 30 Index rose 0.58%, while the Wande High - Yield Urban Investment Bond Index fell 0.06% [19]. - The CSI Convertible Bond Index fell 0.72% to 478.64 points, with a trading volume of 55.556 billion yuan [20]. - On December 16, 2025, most money market interest rates rose, and Shibor short - term varieties showed a differentiated performance [20][21]. - Inter - bank repurchase fixed - rate bonds generally declined, and silver - silver inter - bank repurchase fixed - rate bonds showed a differentiated performance [21]. - The winning yields of Agricultural Development Bank's 2 - year financial bonds were 1.5899% and 1.6039% respectively [22]. - Most European and US bond yields declined [22]. Foreign Exchange Market - On December 16, 2025, the on - shore RMB exchange rate against the US dollar rose 80 points, and the RMB central parity rate against the US dollar rose 54 points [23]. - In New York, the US dollar index fell 0.06%, and most non - US currencies showed mixed performance [23]. Research Report Highlights - Huatai Fixed Income believes that in November 2025, external demand improved, prices rose, but domestic demand continued to bottom - seek. It is recommended to wait for opportunities in the bond market [24]. - Guosheng Fixed Income believes that in November 2025, the economy was weak in both production and demand. The bond market is expected to stabilize and start a trend - like market in the second half of the first quarter of 2026 [25]. - CICC Fixed Income believes that the November 2025 economic data was below expectations, and the bond market is expected to perform well in 2026. It is recommended to pay attention to the allocation opportunities from the end of this year to the first quarter of next year [25]. - CITIC Securities believes that the November 2025 economic data declined in both supply and demand. Policies in 2026 will be more coordinated and focused on implementation effects [26]. - Changjiang Fixed Income believes that the net investment of repurchase in December 2025 decreased. The money market may face some fluctuations due to tax payments [26]. - Xingzheng Fixed Income believes that credit bond ETFs should focus on product returns and consider individual bond attributes in portfolio selection [27]. 4. Stock Market Key News - On the day, the A - share market declined unilaterally, with nearly 4,300 stocks falling. The Shanghai Composite Index fell 1.11% to 3,824.81 points, and the market turnover was 1.75 trillion yuan [29]. - The Hong Kong Hang Seng Index fell 1.54% to 25,235.41 points, and the trading volume decreased slightly [29]. - Multiple institutions believe that Chinese assets have the basis for a continuous rebound in 2026, and overseas long - term funds have been flowing into the Chinese stock market since 2025 [30].