发布会关于2026年财政政策的表述，释放了积极明确的信 号，体现了我国在复杂内外环境下"主动作为、靠前发力"的政 策思路。其核心在于保持政策连续性和必要力度的同时，更加 注重精准性、有效性以及可持续性。 作者：杜涛 封图：图虫创意 1月20日，财政部副部长廖岷在国新办举行的新闻发布会上表示，2026年，按照中央经济工作会 议部署，财政部门将继续实施更加积极的财政政策，概括起来就是"总量增加、结构更优、效益更 好、动能更强"。2026年财政部门将"硬核"支持稳就业、稳企业、稳市场、稳预期，确保"十五 五"实现良好开局。 中诚信国际研究院执行院长袁海霞对经济观察报表示，发布会关于2026年财政政策的表述，释放 了积极明确的信号，体现了我国在复杂内外环境下"主动作为、靠前发力"的政策思路。其核心在 于保持政策连续性和必要力度的同时，更加注重精准性、有效性以及可持续性。 2025年12月10日至11日在北京举行的中央经济工作会议提出，要继续实施更加积极的财政政 策，保持必要的财政赤字、债务总规模和支出总量，加强财政科学管理，优化财政支出结构，规范 税收优惠、财政补贴政策。 针对"总量增加、结构更优、效益更好、动能更强 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent data on prices indicates positive signals for the economy, with the Producer Price Index (PPI) showing a narrowing year-on-year decline and the Consumer Price Index (CPI) reaching a three-year high, suggesting a potential recovery in industrial production and consumer demand [1][3]. Economic Indicators - In December 2025, the PPI year-on-year decline narrowed to 1.9%, with a month-on-month increase for three consecutive months, indicating the effectiveness of proactive fiscal and moderately loose monetary policies [3]. - The CPI in December 2025 rose to 0.8% year-on-year, marking the highest level in nearly three years [1]. Consumer Behavior - Final consumption expenditure contributed over 50% to economic growth in 2025, with "self-indulgent consumption" rising, as service retail sales grew by 5.5%, outpacing goods retail sales by 1.7 percentage points [1][9]. - The growth in per capita consumption expenditure was still slower than the growth in per capita disposable income, indicating a need for improved conversion of income into consumption [10]. Industrial Production - The recent month-on-month increase in PPI suggests a recovery in industrial production demand, although the sustainability of this trend remains to be observed [3]. - The high-tech manufacturing sector accounted for 17.1% of the value added in large-scale industries, indicating a long-term trend towards high-tech manufacturing leading industrial development [6]. Policy Recommendations - To maintain the recovery of PPI, it is crucial to expand consumer demand and increase residents' income, especially during the upcoming traditional sales season [4]. - Policies should focus on enhancing consumer rights protection, creating consumption hotspots, and providing direct cash subsidies to low-income groups to stimulate spending [10][11]. Future Outlook - The rise of "self-indulgent consumption" presents a significant growth opportunity, particularly in sectors like health and wellness, which could drive future economic expansion [9]. - The effectiveness of monetary policy is currently limited, as a significant amount of money is not effectively translating into actual demand, highlighting the need for stabilizing expectations in economic work [8].

投资咨询业务资格：证监许可【2011】1778 号 期货研究报告 黑色金属 | 日报 2026 年 1 月 20 日 煤焦日报 专业研究·创造价值 下游压力再现，煤焦弱势运行 核心观点 焦炭：1 月 20 日，焦炭主力合约报收于 1673.5 元/吨，日内录得 3.54%的 跌幅。截至收盘，主力合约持仓量为 3.84 万手，较前一交易日仓差为 +792 手。现货市场方面，日照港准一级湿熄焦平仓价格指数最新报价为 1470 元/吨，周环比持平；青岛港准一级湿熄焦出库价为 1470 元/吨，周 环比下跌 0.68%。近期内蒙一钢厂发生爆炸事故，引发铁水减产担忧，市 场负反馈预期升温，叠加焦炭自身基本面无明显支撑，驱动焦炭期货维持 低位偏弱运行。 焦煤：1 月 20 日，焦煤主力合约报收 1124 点，日内下跌 4.50%。截至收 盘，主力合约持仓量为 53.27 万手，较前一交易日仓差为+30015 手。现 货市场方面，甘其毛都口岸蒙煤最新报价为 1240.0 元/吨，周环比上涨 2.06%。整体来看，焦煤维持供需两增局面，基本面无明显好转，且冬储 补库和春节煤矿停产预期已有所发酵，未来煤价上行动能或需依靠政策驱 ...

投资咨询业务资格：证监许可【2011】1778 号 期货研究报告 姓名：涂伟华 宝城期货投资咨询部 从业资格证号：F3060359 投资咨询证号：Z0011688 电话：0571-87006873 邮箱：tuweihua@bcqhgs.com 作者声明 本人具有中国期货业协会 授予的期货从业资格证书，期 货投资咨询资格证书，本人承 诺以勤勉的职业态度，独立、 客观地出具本报告。本报告清 晰准确地反映了本人的研究观 点。本人不会因本报告中的具 体推荐意见或观点而直接或间 接接收到任何形式的报酬。 钢材&铁矿石 | 日报 2026 年 1 月 20 日 钢材&铁矿石日报 专业研究·创造价值 产业矛盾累积，钢矿偏弱运行 核心观点 螺纹钢：主力期价弱势下行，录得 1.18%日跌幅，量缩仓增。现阶段， 螺纹需求虽有所改善，但持续性存疑，而供应弱稳运行，基本面延续季 节性弱势，淡季钢价承压运行，短期延续震荡偏弱运行态势，关注钢厂 生产情况。 热轧卷板：主力期价震荡走弱，录得 0.97%日跌幅，量仓收缩。目前来 看，供需双高局面下热卷基本面平稳运行，但需求存有隐忧，一旦其转 弱则产业矛盾易积累，届时价格将承压走弱，重点关注 ...

Core Insights - The report indicates that the bond market will enter a "game" era in 2025, driven by increased fiscal policy and a focus on "debt reduction + development," with the deficit rate expected to rise to 4% [5][12] - The "15th Five-Year Plan" aims for a nominal GDP growth rate of around 5.5% to achieve a per capita GDP of $20,000 to $30,000 by 2035, necessitating a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.6%-7.5% from 2026 to 2035 [31][32] - The report emphasizes the need for a shift in investment strategies towards a focus on "coupon and leverage" rather than solely capital gains, as the market lacks clear trends [5][21] Group 1: Supply and Monetary Policy - The fiscal policy will continue to expand, with a focus on "debt reduction + development," leading to a significant increase in special bond issuance [7][12] - The monetary policy will maintain a cautious approach, with expectations of 1-2 rate cuts in 2026 to support fiscal efforts and alleviate bank liabilities [5][13] - The bond market is expected to face challenges due to a high supply of government bonds in the second and third quarters of 2026, which may test market sentiment [5][12] Group 2: Economic Growth and Internal Demand - The report highlights a shift in global monetary policy towards differentiation, with domestic growth needing to focus more on internal demand expansion [32][40] - The "15th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the importance of innovation-driven growth and the establishment of a unified national market to enhance economic efficiency [31][32] - The expected economic growth will require a stable inflation rate and a focus on enhancing internal growth dynamics to recover from the impacts of previous economic models [31][32] Group 3: Investment Strategy and Market Dynamics - The report suggests prioritizing duration control in investment strategies for 2026, focusing on capturing short-term opportunities and structural adjustments in bond types [5][21] - The changing landscape of asset pricing and institutional demand may lead to differentiated investment behaviors among banks, insurance companies, and funds [5][12] - The report warns against a mechanical extension of duration for capital gains, advocating for a more active management approach to enhance returns [5][21]

Core Viewpoint - The infrastructure investment growth rate in China has experienced a rare decline in 2025, marking the first drop since 2014, with a total fixed asset investment of approximately 48.5 trillion yuan, down 3.8% from the previous year [1] Group 1: Infrastructure Investment Trends - In 2025, infrastructure investment (excluding electricity, heat, gas, and water production and supply) decreased by 2.2%, contrasting with previous years of high growth [1] - The growth rate of infrastructure investment has shown a "high at the beginning, low at the end" pattern, aligning with the overall economic growth pace, influenced by tight local finances and limited quality project reserves [1][2] - The monthly growth rate of infrastructure investment in 2025 started at 5.8% in Q1 but slowed to 4.6% in H1 and further to 1.1% in Q3, ultimately resulting in an annual decline [1] Group 2: Funding Sources and Fiscal Policies - The main sources of funding for infrastructure investment include self-raised funds, national budget funds, domestic loans, foreign investment, and other funds, with a significant reduction in net financing from local government bonds due to strict regulations [3] - In 2025, public budget expenditures for infrastructure saw a decline, with agricultural, forestry, and water expenditures down 13.6%, and urban and rural community expenditures down 8.3% [3] - The fiscal expenditure structure is optimizing, with increased spending on social welfare sectors like education and healthcare, indicating a shift from "investment in things" to "investment in people" [4] Group 3: Future Outlook and Government Initiatives - The National Development and Reform Commission has initiated a list of major projects and a central budget investment plan for 2026, totaling approximately 295 billion yuan, to support economic growth [6] - The 2026 fiscal and monetary policies are expected to be more proactive, which will support infrastructure investment and overall economic development [5] - Local governments have begun issuing bonds exceeding 2 trillion yuan in Q1 2026, directing funds towards significant project construction, such as the new high-speed railway project [6]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significant divergence among major institutions regarding the outlook for the U.S. economy in 2026, highlighting the uncertainty surrounding GDP growth predictions, which range from 0.8% to 2.9% [2][7][75]. Group 1: Disagreements on U.S. Economic Outlook - There is a notable disagreement among 74 research institutions regarding the U.S. GDP growth for 2026, with 65% predicting an increase, 27% forecasting a decline, and 8% expecting stability [2][7][75]. - The main reasons for optimism include fiscal and monetary easing, while concerns revolve around tariffs, inflation, employment, and fiscal debt [2][13][75]. - The most significant divergence is observed in fiscal policy assessments, with a total of 26 mentions and a bullish-to-bearish ratio of 15:11, indicating worries about potential overextension of policies [2][19][75]. Group 2: Misconceptions Among Institutions - A common misconception is that the "Beautiful Act" primarily extends existing tax cuts with limited incremental effects; however, it actually increases the tax cut intensity, with an expected overall tax reduction of 40% in 2026 compared to 2025 [3][25][76]. - Another misconception is that the effects of the tax cuts will be reflected in 2025; in reality, the benefits will manifest in the first half of 2026, particularly around April when tax refunds peak [3][31][76]. - It is also mistakenly believed that the act has already exhausted corporate cash flows, leading to a lack of investment in 2026; however, the act includes provisions that allow companies to benefit from past investments without requiring new expenditures [3][37][76]. Group 3: Potential Economic Growth in 2026 - The first half of 2026 is expected to see a tax refund surge, potentially increasing total refunds by about 30% to reach $412 billion, with per capita refunds rising by $700 to $1,000 to approximately $3,743 [4][43][77]. - The high consumer propensity to spend in the U.S. (46%) suggests that the tax cuts could quickly translate into GDP growth [4][49][77]. - In the second half of 2026, additional fiscal measures are anticipated, particularly in defense and infrastructure, with defense spending projected to rise by 10.4% and border infrastructure spending increasing by 65% [4][61][77].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that there is significant disagreement among major institutions regarding the direction of the US economy in 2026, with GDP growth predictions ranging from 0.8% to 2.9% [2][7] - 65% of the surveyed institutions believe that the US GDP growth will increase in 2026, while 27% predict a decrease, and 8% expect it to remain flat [2][7] - The main reasons for optimism include fiscal and monetary easing, while concerns include tariffs, inflation, employment issues, and fiscal debt burdens [2][13] Group 2 - A major area of disagreement among institutions is related to fiscal policy, with 26 mentions and a bullish-to-bearish ratio of 15:11, indicating worries about potential overextension of fiscal support [2][19] - Misconception one is that the "Beautiful Act" primarily extends existing tax cuts with limited incremental effects; however, it is expected to increase the overall tax reduction scale by 40% in 2026 compared to 2025 [3][25] - Misconception two is the belief that the effects of the tax cuts will be reflected in 2025; in reality, the benefits will manifest in the first half of 2026, particularly around April [3][31] Group 3 - The expected tax refund total for 2026 is projected to increase by approximately 30% to reach $412 billion, with per capita refunds rising by $700 to $1,000 to $3,743 [4][43] - The US consumer spending propensity is at 46%, suggesting that the tax cut effects can quickly translate into GDP growth [4][49] - In the second half of 2026, additional fiscal policies are anticipated, with defense spending expected to rise by 10.4% and border infrastructure spending increasing by 65% [4][61]

Economic Outlook - The Chinese economy is expected to show resilience in 2025, with a projected growth rate of around 5% for the year, supported by various government initiatives and policies aimed at innovation and stability [1] - Predictions indicate that the economic growth rate will gradually recover from 4.5% in Q4 2025 to 5.1% by the end of 2026, with an overall annual growth rate of approximately 4.8% [3] Policy Initiatives - The Chinese government is focusing on technology innovation and industrial transformation, with key leaders emphasizing the importance of these areas during local inspections [1] - The National Development and Reform Commission has announced a budget of 295 billion yuan for early 2026 projects, with a significant portion allocated to infrastructure and urban development [6] Consumer Behavior - There is a noted recovery in consumer sentiment, although challenges remain due to income levels and expectations [2] - The upcoming Spring Festival is expected to boost service consumption, with historical data indicating that tourism revenue during this period significantly contributes to quarterly averages [4] Investment Strategies - The emphasis on "investment in people" alongside "investment in material" is highlighted as a crucial strategy for achieving common prosperity and addressing demographic challenges [8] - Recommendations include debt restructuring and enhancing fiscal sustainability to support social welfare initiatives [7]

Economic Outlook - In 2025, China's economy is expected to demonstrate resilience despite complex international circumstances, with a projected growth rate of around 5% [2] - Predictions indicate that by the end of 2026, the growth rate will gradually recover from 4.5% in Q4 2025 to 5.1%, with an annual growth rate of approximately 4.8% [3] Policy Initiatives - The Chinese government is focusing on technology innovation, green transformation, and improving people's livelihoods as part of its economic strategy [2] - Significant investments are being made in infrastructure projects, with a total of 2.95 billion yuan allocated for early 2026 projects, including 2.2 billion yuan for key areas like urban underground networks and high-standard farmland [6] Consumer Demand - There is a recovery in consumer sentiment, although challenges remain due to income levels and expectations [5] - The upcoming Spring Festival is anticipated to boost service consumption, with historical data indicating that tourism revenue during this period significantly contributes to quarterly averages [5] Investment Strategies - The government is emphasizing both "investment in things" and "investment in people," highlighting the importance of human capital development alongside physical infrastructure [8] - There is a call for debt restructuring to enhance fiscal sustainability and support for people's livelihoods [7]