5月16日，国家金融监督管理总局发布2025年一季度银行业保险业主要监管指标数据情况。今年一度， 我国商业银行净息差进一步收窄至1.43%，较去年四季度末下降了9个基点，同时不良贷款率上升了0.01 个百分点，至1.51%。分机构类型来看，民营银行和农商行不良贷款率增幅相对较高，分别增加了0.1个 百分点、0.06个百分点。 普惠型小微贷款余额同比增12.5% 数据显示，一季度，我国银行业金融服务持续加强。其中，银行业金融机构普惠型小微企业贷款余额 35.3万亿元，同比增长12.5%。普惠型涉农贷款余额13.7万亿元，较年初增加7955亿元。 日前，国家金融监督管理总局印发《关于做好2025年小微企业金融服务工作的通知》，其中要求，银行 业金融机构要聚焦小微企业真实有效的经营性资金需求，提供充分的信贷供给，力争实现全国普惠型小 微企业贷款增速不低于各项贷款增速。大型商业银行、股份制银行要力争实现普惠型小微企业贷款增速 不低于各项贷款增速的目标。 目前来看，12.5%的增速明显高于各项贷款增速。央行今年4月份发布3月金融统计数据报告时也明确表 示，一季度普惠小微贷款余额增速高于同期各项贷款增速。 民营银行和农商 ...

文章来源 本文摘自：2025年5月16日发布的 浮盈被动"兑现"，缺负债明显缓解——固收角度拆解银行一季报 唐元懋 ，资格证书编号： S0880524040 00 2 藏 多 ，资格证书编号： S0880525040116 报告导读： 银行 OCI 浮盈积累大多已消耗过半，但主要是债市行情走弱下的被动消耗， 而非银行主动卖出兑现。净息差方面，压力主要在大行， Q2 "缺负债"缓解后预计净息差 底部将更加明确。 银行 OCI 浮盈积累大多已消耗过半，个别银行已转为浮亏；大行消耗比例相对更小，但也达到了三分之 一左右。 六大行中除了一家消耗了约半数浮盈积累、将 24 年全年的浮盈增量全部消耗完毕之外，其余银 行均消耗了存量的三分之一左右。而其余类型银行消耗压力均较大，在 33 家有数据的上市银行中，消耗 了超半数的浮盈积累的银行达到了 25 家，其中更是有 7 家已经转为浮亏。 债市投资收益的低迷也明显 拖累了上市银行营收表现。 一季度非息收入分别拖累股份行和城商行营收增长 3.81pcts 、 6.42pcts ， 对农商行的贡献由 7.30pcts 大幅降至 4.52pcts 。但对于大行而言正向贡献程度加强 ...

Core Viewpoint - The accumulation of OCI (Other Comprehensive Income) floating profits in banks has been largely consumed, primarily due to passive consumption from a weak bond market rather than active selling by banks. The pressure on net interest margins is mainly observed in large banks, and with the alleviation of the "lack of liabilities" issue in Q2, a clearer bottom for net interest margins is expected [1][15]. Group 1: OCI Floating Profit Consumption - Most banks have consumed over half of their OCI floating profit accumulation, with some banks even turning to floating losses. Among the six major banks, one has consumed about half of its floating profit accumulation, while others have consumed around one-third. In total, 25 out of 33 listed banks have consumed more than half of their OCI floating profits, with 7 turning to floating losses [2][5]. - The low performance of bond market investment returns has significantly dragged down the revenue performance of listed banks. In Q1, non-interest income reduced the revenue growth of joint-stock banks and city commercial banks by 3.81 percentage points and 6.42 percentage points, respectively, while the contribution to rural commercial banks dropped from 7.30 percentage points to 4.52 percentage points [2][5]. Group 2: Net Interest Margin Pressure - The pressure on net interest margins and the resistance to recovery are primarily seen in large banks, which have passively shifted to interbank certificates of deposit and interbank fixed deposits due to a "lack of liabilities" in Q1. The average net interest margin for large banks narrowed by 0.10 percentage points to a low of 1.39% in Q1 [15]. - The alleviation of the "lack of liabilities" pressure and the stabilization of interbank deposit scale and prices are expected to lead to a significant easing of net interest margin narrowing pressure for large banks in Q2, reflecting the effectiveness of previous measures to reduce funding costs [15]. Group 3: Retail Loan Risks - Risks in retail loans remain, with no consistent trend of alleviation observed. Banks with a higher proportion of retail loans face greater difficulty in reducing non-performing loan rates compared to their peers, and the speed of provision consumption is faster [9]. - An analysis of three state-owned banks with retail loan ratios exceeding 50% shows a divergence in the direction and magnitude of changes in provision coverage ratios, the proportion of loans under scrutiny, and non-performing loan rates [9].

Group 1: Financial Investment Trends - The financial investment growth rate for listed banks showed divergence, with rural commercial banks rebounding to 8.30% in Q1 2025 after a decline in 2024[2] - State-owned banks' financial investment growth was weaker compared to other types of banks due to liability pressures[2] - The average contribution of investment net income to revenue increased, with contributions for state-owned, joint-stock, city commercial, and rural commercial banks at 6.95%, 18.56%, 25.86%, and 28.85% respectively in Q1 2025[2][31] Group 2: OCI Account and Profit Realization - The average proportion of OCI accounts increased to 32.5%, while the average AC proportion decreased to 47.5% in Q1 2025, indicating a greater reliance on OCI accounts for profit adjustment[2][28] - Estimated remaining sellable old bonds for listed banks is approximately 4.5 trillion yuan, with state-owned banks holding about 2.8 trillion yuan[4] - The pressure to sell bonds may re-emerge in Q2, raising questions about the remaining space for selling old bonds[3] Group 3: Profitability and Cost Management - The average net profit growth rate for listed banks declined from 4.83% in 2024 to 2.29% in Q1 2025, with some banks experiencing negative growth[19] - Average interest margin narrowed to 1.58% in Q1 2025, down from 1.61% in 2024, indicating ongoing profitability pressure[21] - Interest income remains the primary revenue source, but the average interest net income for state-owned banks decreased by 2.75% year-on-year[23] Group 4: Asset Quality and Risk - Overall asset quality improved, but potential risks accumulated, particularly with an increase in the proportion of special mention loans for rural commercial banks[5] - The capital adequacy ratio for various banks declined, with state-owned banks experiencing the most significant drop, indicating pressure on capital retention capabilities[5]

证券证研券究研报究告报：告银：行银业行|点|点评评报报告告 证券研究报告：银行业|点评报告 发布时间：2025-05-16 行业投资评级 强于大市 |维持 | 行业基本情况 | | --- | | 收盘点位 | | 4227.96 | | --- | --- | --- | | 52 | 周最高 | 4227.96 | | 52 周最低 | | 3132.76 | 行业相对指数表现（相对值） 2024-05 2024-07 2024-10 2024-12 2025-03 2025-05 -14% -9% -4% 1% 6% 11% 16% 21% 银行 沪深300 资料来源：聚源，中邮证券研究所 研究所 分析师:张银新 SAC 登记编号:S1340525040001 Email:zhangyinxin@cnpsec.com 近期研究报告 《降息降准落地，息差影响中性偏积 极，银行股价值凸显》 - 2025.05.08 银行 2024 年年报与 2025 年一季报综述：重定价冲 击叠加债市震荡，25Q1 业绩承压 l 投资要点： 重定价冲击叠加债市震荡，25Q1 业绩承压：2024A 上市银行总体 营业收入、拨 ...

行业报告 | 行业专题研究 银行 证券研究报告 从银行视角解读 25Q1 货币政策执行报告 事件：2025 年 5 月 9 日，央行发布 2025 年一季度货币政策执行报告。 银行视角下，对于 2025Q1 报告，我们认为可以重点关注以下三个问题： 1. 预计短期内央行不会重启国债买卖操作 央行在《报告》中表示"将继续从宏观审慎的角度观察、评估债市运行情况， 关注国债收益率的变化，视市场供求状况择机恢复操作"。基于以下三点分 析，我们认为立即重启的必要性不大。 其一，从宏观审慎的角度观察，避免重启后加大债市收益率短期波动，进而 提升中小银行利率风险，仍为央行重要考量。 其二，评估债市运行情况和关注国债收益率的变化。4 月以来外部扰动加剧， 10Y 国债收益率再度回落至 1.6%-1.7%的低位区间，在这一水平，我们认为 央行存在托底需求，因此也不会轻易恢复操作。 其三，视市场供求状况，虽然存在重启国债买入以配合二三季度政府债供给 放量的需求，但考虑利率风险和其他可替代工具，立即重启的必要性不大。 2. 从央行释放信号中看贷款定价的"底线思维" 央行细化减点区间分布，或意在传达贷款定价不应过度减点的信号。本次 ...

[Table_Reportdate] 2025年05月15日 标配 行 业 简 评 [证券分析师 Table_Authors] 王鸿行 S0630522050001 whxing@longone.com.cn [table_stockTrend] -23% -14% -4% 5% 14% 24% 33% 24-05 24-08 24-11 25-02 申万行业指数:银行(0748) 沪深300 [相关研究 table_product] 1.工商银行（601398）：息差和中间 业务收入压力或趋于平缓——公司 简评报告 2.资金端降息效应强于投资端—— 银行业"量价质"跟踪（十三） 3.工商银行（601398）：息差压力缓 解，资产质量整体稳定——公司简评 报告 4.宁波银行（002142）：息差、投资 及资产质量彰显专业经营优势—— 公司简评报告 [Table_NewTitle 政府融资驱动社融较快增长，贷款边际 ] 放缓 ——银行业"量价质"跟踪（十四） [table_main] 投资要点： 行 业 研 究 证券研究报告 HTTP://WWW.LONGONE.COM.CN 请务必仔细阅读正文后的所有说明和声 ...

Group 1 - The financial sector experienced a significant surge on May 14, with multiple bank stocks reaching new highs and the total market capitalization of the banking sector in A-shares surpassing 10 trillion yuan [1] - Among the banks, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) led with a market capitalization of 2.4 trillion yuan, followed by Agricultural Bank of China at 1.9 trillion yuan, and China Construction Bank at 1.6 trillion yuan [1] - China Galaxy noted that a series of financial policies, including interest rate cuts and structural tools, are guiding the optimization of bank credit structures, which is expected to accelerate the entry of medium to long-term funds into the market [1] Group 2 - CITIC Securities indicated that since 2025, the banking sector has maintained stable asset-liability configurations while actively growing loans, although the net interest margin continues to decline [1] - Despite the ongoing decrease in industry net interest margins, the reduction in funding costs is helping to narrow the margin of decline, with future cost reductions being a key focus for banks' interest margin management [1] - The dividend appeal of bank stocks remains strong in the context of a declining interest rate environment, with 42 A-share listed banks announcing a total dividend of 631.54 billion yuan for the 2024 fiscal year, significantly higher than the previous year [1] Group 3 - Huaxi Securities suggested that the recent surge in bank stocks may be related to new regulations for public funds, which currently have a 3.49% allocation in the banking sector, underweighting compared to the CSI 300 index by 9.99 percentage points and the CSI 800 index by 6.99 percentage points [2]

银行板块杀疯了，今日银行板块A股总市值盘中突破10万亿元大关，再创历史新高。 银行股今年简直所向披靡，今日银行指数上涨0.81%，多只银行ETF也创下上市以来的新高。根据数 据，银行指数今年已经上涨9.62%，位居板块涨幅榜的前列。2024年，银行板块表现亮眼，A股银行板 块累计上涨幅度为43%，跑赢沪深300指数28个百分点，在市场30个板块中居首位。去年，四大国有行 的股价表现十分吸睛，农业银行股价上涨幅度最大，达到了54.7%，工商银行上涨幅度达到52.4%，建 设银行、中国银行的股价上涨幅度分别为42.4%、45.2%。 2025年迄今，有11家银行的股价涨幅超过10%，其中5家银行的股价涨幅更是突破20%。青岛银行涨幅 最大，年初至今的涨幅为25.06%，紧随其后的是重庆银行和渝农商行，分别上涨25.13%和20.74%。此 外，上海银行、齐鲁银行的涨幅也都超过了21%。 数据显示，截至5月13日，银行板块A股市值达到99746亿元，创出历史新高。今天早盘，银行板块继续 上冲，银行板块A股总市值盘中突破10万亿元大关，再创历史新高。 相关机构分析表示，金融增量政策配合宽松财政政策加快落地，预计银行信 ...

华夏时报（www.chinatimes.net.cn）记者 刘佳 北京报道 随着42家A股上市银行2025年一季度财报全部出炉，行业整体面临的经营挑战愈发凸显。 据5月13日安永发布的《中国42家A股上市银行2025年一季度业绩概览》中数据显示，截至今年一季度末，42家A 股上市银行净利润同比减少1.09%，营业收入同比减少1.72%。 同时，一季度末资产总额较2024年末增长3.94%；加权平均不良贷款率1.23%，较2024年末下降0.01个百分点；拨 备覆盖率237.99%，较2024年末下降1.98个百分点。 "总体来看，上市银行2025年一季度仍面临较大的经营压力。"安永大中华区金融服务首席合伙人忻怡对《华夏时 报》记者表示。 一季度营收净利双降 今年一季度，我国GDP同比增长5.4%，消费、投资继续保持较快增长。国内需求不断扩大，国民经济实现良好开 局，高质量发展向新向好。 然而，地缘政治紧张局势持续升级， 全球贸易摩擦居高不下，全球经济形势依然严峻复杂，当前经济发展仍面临 诸多挑战。 受多重因素影响，42家A股上市银行一季度净利润相比2024年同期进一步下降。 具体而言，一季度42家A股上市银行 ...