Core Viewpoint - The US dollar index remains stable amid light trading, with corporate cash flows dominating price movements, while hedge funds maintain a cautious stance as the year-end approaches, leading to a lack of clear directional catalysts [1][4]. Group 1: Market Performance - The Bloomberg dollar spot index increased by less than 0.1% during the day, following a 0.8% decline last week, marking the largest weekly drop since June [5]. - The yield on the US 10-year Treasury bond fell by approximately 2 basis points to 4.11% [6]. - The US stock market declined, with a focus on falling precious metal prices [7]. Group 2: Currency Movements - The Japanese yen led G-10 currencies, with traders analyzing the Bank of Japan's policy meeting insights, betting on potential further rate hikes [8]. - The USD/JPY pair dropped by 0.4% to 155.99 before narrowing its losses [2]. - The EUR/USD fell by 0.1% to 1.1761, while the GBP/USD remained stable at 1.3498 [2][8]. - The Canadian dollar decreased by about 0.1%, with the USD/CAD trading at 1.3691, close to a five-month low of 1.3643 reached on December 26 [3][8]. Group 3: Economic Insights - The upcoming release of the Federal Reserve's December meeting minutes may provide more insights into policy decisions, although it is not expected to generate significant volatility related to interest rates [7]. - Analysts suggest that the FOMC minutes could test market expectations regarding interest rate cuts, but new information is unlikely to emerge that would cause substantial market movements [7]. Group 4: Geopolitical Context - Ukrainian President Zelensky has sought long-term security guarantees from the US, specifically from Donald Trump, for a period of up to fifty years [8].

证券研究报告 | 宏观研究 gszqdatemark 2025 12 29 年 月 日 宏观点评 人民币汇率"破 7"：原因、展望、影响 事件：近期人民币汇率持续升值，12.26 盘中离岸人民币一度升破 7.0。 核心结论：近期人民币兑美元汇率持续升值，主因美元走弱+集中结汇； 展望 2026 年，人民币有望整体稳中有升、震荡偏升、并可能阶段性处于 7 下方，但全年走势大概率偏震荡，较难持续性的、大幅度单边升值，也 即乐观中保持谨慎。对权益市场，人民币升值利好 A 股，并对成长股更有 利，对大小盘风格影响不显著；对国内债市，人民币升值的影响并不显著。 1、近期人民币汇率持续升值：美元走弱+集中结汇是主因。 近期人民币兑美元汇率小幅升值，12 月 26 日，离岸人民币对美元汇率升 破 7.0 整数关口，触及 6.996 水平，在岸人民币也探至 7.0052，汇率"破 7"创下 14 个月以来新高，主因在于两方面： （2）人民币汇率展望：稳中有升、震荡偏升，有望阶段性处于 7 下方 >短期看，历史经验显示结汇需求的增加通常可以持续到春节，而 2026 年 春节的时间较晚（2 月 17 日），这也意味着未来 1-2 ...

Group 1: Report Core View - Last week, the gold price continued to rise, with New York gold breaking through $4,500 and Shanghai gold breaking through the 1,000-yuan mark. After the meetings of the US and Japanese central banks ended, market liquidity recovered, and the US dollar index remained weak, which was positive for the gold price. In the long run, although the gold price has broken through the late-October high, its overall performance is far inferior to other precious metals and copper, mainly due to the high short-term market risk appetite and the decline in the safe-haven demand for gold. Before the New Year's Day holiday, continuous attention should be paid to the long-short game at the $4,500 mark of New York gold, and beware of the risk of a high-level pullback before the holiday [5][21] Group 2: Market Review 2.1 Weekly Trend - The report presents a chart of the linkage between the US dollar index and COMEX gold futures closing prices [9] 2.2 Indicator Price Changes | Indicator | December 26 | December 19 | Weekly Change | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | COMEX Gold | $4,562.00 | $4,368.70 | 4.42% | | COMEX Silver | $79.68 | $67.40 | 18.22% | | SHFE Gold Main Contract | 1,016.30 yuan | 979.90 yuan | 3.71% | | SHFE Silver Main Contract | 18,319.00 yuan | 15,376.00 yuan | 19.14% | | US Dollar Index | 98.03 | 98.72 | -0.69% | | USD/CNH | 7.00 | 7.03 | -0.41% | | 10-Year US Treasury Real Yield | 1.91 | 1.92 | -0.01 | | S&P 500 | 6,929.94 | 6,834.50 | 1.40% | | US Crude Oil Continuous | $56.93 | $56.65 | 0.49% | | COMEX Gold-Silver Ratio | 57.26 | 64.82 | -11.67% | | SHFE Gold-Silver Ratio | 55.48 | 63.73 | -12.95% | | SPDR Gold ETF | 1,071.13 tons | 1,052.54 tons | 18.59 tons | | iShare Gold ETF | 492.64 tons | 491.82 tons | 0.82 tons | [10] Group 3: Liquidity Recovery after Japanese Yen Interest Rate Hike - After the Japanese yen interest rate hike, the market showed a "boot landing" situation, with a significant recovery in short-term liquidity. The US dollar index continued to weaken, falling to the 98 mark, which was positive for the gold price [12] Group 4: Tracking of Other Indicators - Last week, the combined holdings of SPDR and iShares gold ETFs were 1,563.77 tons, an increase of 19.41 tons from the previous week. After the Japanese yen interest rate hike, precious metals generally rose, with silver's increase significantly larger than that of gold, and the gold-silver ratio continued to weaken, dropping below 60 last week [16][18]

Core Viewpoint - The recent strengthening of the Renminbi (RMB) against the US dollar is primarily driven by expectations of interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve and a weakening US dollar index, although future movements in the RMB exchange rate remain uncertain due to multiple interwoven factors [1][2]. Group 1: External Environment - The upcoming transition in leadership at the Federal Reserve, with Chairman Powell's term ending next year, could signal changes in US monetary policy direction, impacting the RMB/USD exchange rate [1]. - The US is facing challenges in balancing inflation and employment, which may constrain the likelihood of significant interest rate cuts in the near future, with expectations of only two rate cuts next year [1]. - The unpredictable nature of the Trump administration's foreign policy adds to market uncertainty, potentially affecting the foreign exchange market [1]. Group 2: Market Dynamics - The recent significant decline in the US dollar index suggests a potential for future recovery, which could influence the RMB/USD exchange rate in the medium to long term [1]. - Currently, the interest rate differential between Chinese and US government bonds remains inverted by approximately 230 basis points, indicating a stronger incentive for capital to flow towards the US if the RMB appreciation trend slows [2]. - The People's Bank of China has emphasized the need to "prevent excessive exchange rate fluctuations," indicating that both appreciation and depreciation risks are being monitored, and measures may be taken if the RMB appreciates too quickly [2]. Group 3: Expert Recommendations - Experts advise that enterprises and financial institutions should avoid blindly following market trends and should adopt a risk-neutral approach to manage exchange rate risks effectively [2].

1. Report's Industry Investment Rating - Not provided 2. Core View of the Report - After the release of the 4.6% unemployment rate data in the US, the threshold for the decline of the long - end US Treasury yield increased again, the US Treasury yield curve continued to steepen, and the US dollar continued to weaken. Against the backdrop of a weakening US dollar, the RMB continued to appreciate to around 7. However, the RMB's appreciation speed may slow down in the short term [2] 3. Summary by Related Contents Exchange Rate Operation Core Logic - After the December FOMC meeting and the release of the US November unemployment rate data, market concerns about the non - linear rise of the US unemployment rate in the future resurfaced, shifting the focus from inflation to the labor market [2] - The reasons for the weakening of the US dollar are the possible statistical problems in the household survey part due to the US government shutdown in October affecting the November data and market concerns about a false signal similar to last year's [2] - The RMB has been appreciating, with the offshore RMB exchange rate performing stronger than the onshore one, indicating increased attractiveness of domestic asset returns and continuous inflow of foreign capital. The enhanced willingness to settle foreign exchange and the year - end seasonal peak also support the RMB, but the central bank's guidance on the mid - price and the rising short - end swap points may slow the RMB's appreciation [2] Economic Indexes and Exchange Rates - The difference between the US and European Citi Economic Surprise Indexes has rebounded [7] - The difference between the US and European long - term inflation expectations has increased [9] - The US long - term inflation expectation has declined [11] - The short - term US interest rate expectation has slightly changed [13] - The VIX index has fallen back to a low level [15] - The difference between the US and European short - term interest rate expectations has slightly decreased [16] Other Indicators and Exchange Rates - The euro swap basis shows that the US dollar cross - border liquidity pressure is limited [20] - The CFTC net position shows that the US dollar maintains a net negative position exposure [24] Exchange Rate and Commodity Prices - The copper price has significantly increased [30] - The crude oil price has remained at a low level [32]

责任编辑：王许宁 责任编辑：王许宁 机构分析认为，在清淡的假期行情中，由于缺乏新的催化剂，美元兑一篮子货币汇率持稳。本周经济日 历上重要数据不多，且多个市场将因元旦休市。随着月末和年末临近，美元仓位可能出现一些调整。美 元指数现基本持平，报98.01。数据显示，美元指数DXY年内迄今已下跌近10%。特朗普总统的贸易政 策及美联储的降息周期是今年美元走弱的主要原因。 机构分析认为，在清淡的假期行情中，由于缺乏新的催化剂，美元兑一篮子货币汇率持稳。本周经济日 历上重要数据不多，且多个市场将因元旦休市。随着月末和年末临近，美元仓位可能出现一些调整。美 元指数现基本持平，报98.01。数据显示，美元指数DXY年内迄今已下跌近10%。特朗普总统的贸易政 策及美联储的降息周期是今年美元走弱的主要原因。 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles indicates that the RMB has shown a strong performance against the USD amid increased volatility in the global foreign exchange market, with a cumulative increase of over 1500 basis points by year-end [1] - As of December 29, the interbank foreign exchange market reported the RMB to USD exchange rate at 7.0331, an increase of 27 basis points from the previous trading day [1] - The recent appreciation of the RMB is primarily driven by changes in the USD environment, particularly following the Federal Reserve's initiation of a rate-cutting cycle, which has suppressed long-term expectations for the USD [1] Group 2 - The People's Bank of China has emphasized the need to enhance the resilience of the foreign exchange market and stabilize market expectations, aiming to maintain the RMB at a reasonable and balanced level [2] - The foreign exchange market in China has been generally balanced since 2025, with the RMB exhibiting two-way fluctuations [2] - Financial institutions and enterprises are advised to avoid blindly following trends in exchange rate movements and to focus on effective risk management strategies [2]

Group 1 - The recent appreciation of the Renminbi is primarily driven by expectations of interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve and a weakening US dollar index [1] - The offshore Renminbi to US dollar exchange rate has surpassed the 7.0 mark, indicating a significant shift in currency dynamics [1] - Experts suggest that the future trajectory of the Renminbi remains uncertain due to multiple interwoven factors, including the upcoming leadership transition at the Federal Reserve and the unpredictable nature of US foreign policy [2] Group 2 - The Federal Reserve is expected to face constraints on further interest rate cuts, with predictions of only two rate cuts in the coming year, which may limit the Renminbi's appreciation potential [2] - The current interest rate differential between Chinese and US government bonds remains significant, with a spread of approximately 230 basis points, influencing capital flows [2] - The People's Bank of China has emphasized the need to prevent excessive fluctuations in the exchange rate, indicating potential measures to manage rapid appreciation [3]

Group 1 - The core narrative regarding the recent appreciation of the RMB is linked to the Federal Reserve's interest rate cuts leading to a weaker dollar, which in turn may harm China's export competitiveness [3][16] - The logic of this narrative is questioned, as a Fed rate cut does not necessarily equate to a weaker dollar, and RMB appreciation does not automatically imply a loss of export competitiveness [1][4] - The RMB exchange rate is currently viewed as fairly valued, with no significant overvaluation or undervaluation issues, supported by internal resilience in exports and policy measures [9][42] Group 2 - The narrative surrounding the RMB's appreciation can be divided into two segments: the first driven by policy support from mid-April to November, and the second driven by market supply and demand from late November to the present [8][34] - In the first segment, the RMB middle rate appreciated from approximately 7.21 to around 7.08, with a monthly average appreciation of about 186 basis points [32] - In the second segment, the RMB middle rate further appreciated to just above 7.04, with a notable increase of over 450 basis points in a month, indicating a shift from policy-driven to market-driven appreciation [34][35] Group 3 - Future RMB exchange rate trends will depend on several factors, including valuation factors, policy direction, internal supply and demand, and external responses [42][58] - The valuation perspective indicates that the RMB is not significantly overvalued or undervalued, remaining within a reasonable pricing range [42][43] - The policy direction has shifted from supporting a stable appreciation to preventing excessive appreciation volatility, reflecting a focus on maintaining stability rather than encouraging a one-sided RMB exchange rate trend [45][47] Group 4 - The internal supply and demand dynamics are crucial, with the flow logic indicating that net settlement depends on trade surplus and corporate settlement intentions, while the stock logic highlights the potential release of accumulated foreign exchange positions [51][53] - The accumulated foreign exchange positions, estimated to be between $737 billion and $1.1 trillion, could significantly impact net settlement if released [53][54] - The external response, particularly the behavior of the US dollar, is also a key factor, with expectations that the dollar may not experience sustained weakness due to underlying economic conditions [58][62]

接下来，人民币汇率是否会呈现单边升值态势？专家认为，对此还需客观、理性看待。"美联储面 临通胀和就业的艰难平衡，进一步降息面临的约束不少，并不像部分媒体所说的明年会超预期大幅降 息，目前市场预期明年会降息2次。近期美元指数跌幅较大，未来存在回调走升的可能。"中国民生银行 首席经济学家温彬说。 作为货币之间的比价，汇率双向波动是常态。温彬提醒，未来人民币汇率走势仍存在较大不确定 性，企业和金融机构切忌盲目跟风、赌汇率走势，要坚持风险中性理念，做好汇率风险管理。 近日召开的中国人民银行货币政策委员会2025年第四季度例会强调，增强外汇市场韧性，稳定市场 预期，防范汇率超调风险，保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。专家认为，近年来，在应对 多轮外部冲击的过程中，我国外汇市场的监管部门积累了丰富的经验，也有充足的政策工具储备，有经 验、有能力、有信心应对各种冲击和挑战，维护我国外汇市场的稳定运行。 经济日报记者 姚进 今年以来，全球汇市波动加剧，而人民币对美元走势稳中偏强。从人民币对美元汇率中间价来看， 年内涨幅超过1500个基点，并于近日升至2024年9月以来最高。这引发市场广泛讨论，其间不乏"人民币 会继续 ...