Core Viewpoint - China's goods trade import and export value reached 41.21 trillion yuan in the first 11 months of 2025, showing a year-on-year growth of 3.6% [1] Group 1: Export Performance - In November, China's exports grew by 5.9% year-on-year, rebounding significantly from a decline of 1.1% in October, indicating a recovery to normal levels in the second half of the year [1][2] - The increase in exports is attributed to three main factors: a lower base from the previous year, a rebound in global trade, and accelerated growth in exports of chips and automobiles driven by domestic manufacturing upgrades and global AI investment [2][3] - Private enterprises have shown strong growth in imports and exports, with a total of 23.52 trillion yuan in trade, representing a 7.1% increase and accounting for 57.1% of China's total foreign trade [2] Group 2: Import Trends - In November, imports increased by 1.9%, with the growth rate accelerating by 0.9 percentage points compared to the previous month, supported by a lower base from last year [4] - The rebound in exports has a direct positive impact on import growth, reflecting China's "large import and export" characteristics [4] - Future import growth may be supported by domestic policies aimed at boosting internal demand, including the introduction of new financial tools and local government bond limits for project construction [4] Group 3: Sector Contributions - Mechanical and electrical products, along with high-tech products, continue to play a crucial role in China's export stability, with mechanical and electrical product exports reaching $205.9 billion in November, growing by 9.65% [3] - High-tech product exports exceeded $88.1 billion in November, with a growth rate of 7.68%, indicating a significant contribution to overall export performance [3]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the document 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Last week, the traditional "stock-bond seesaw" effect failed again, with both the stock and bond markets rising and falling together. Long-term interest rates fluctuated sharply between the "reality of loose money" and the "frustration of strong expectations," and the oversold of ultra-long-duration assets reflected the crowding of market funds and the fragility of market sentiment [3][91]. - In the last four trading weeks of the year, the fact that the "sales new rules" have not fully "landed" remains the main market concern, but the approaching important meetings have restored the "loose money" expectation. The focus of market gaming may still be the emotional fluctuations caused by marginal policy changes [3][92]. - The report maintains the judgment of a recovery market in December but expects the downward space of interest rates to be relatively limited. It is recommended to adopt a left-side layout configuration rhythm, prioritize switching positions to medium - and short - term treasury bonds and policy financial bonds, and pay attention to trading opportunities of secondary perpetual bonds of the same term. As the meeting window approaches, gradually increase the offensive nature of the portfolio, control the overall duration center of the portfolio within the medium - to long - term range of 5 - 7 years, and avoid high - congestion assets [3][92][93]. 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1 Important Matters - On December 5, 2025, the central bank will conduct a 1000 - billion - yuan 3 - month (91 - day) fixed - quantity, interest - rate - tendered, multi - price - winning bidder - selected买断式逆回购 operation. The net investment of the central bank in treasury bonds in November was 5 billion yuan, far lower than the market's relatively optimistic expectation of 100 billion yuan. On December 5, 2025, six major banks stopped selling 5 - year large - denomination certificate of deposit products [6][9]. 3.2 Money Market 3.2.1 Open Market Operations and Fund Interest Rate Trends - From December 1 to 5, 2025, the central bank's 7 - day reverse repurchase operation had a net investment of - 84.8 billion yuan. It is expected that the basic currency will have a maturity withdrawal of 66.38 billion yuan from December 8 to 12, 2025. At the beginning of the month, the fund market was generally loose, and DR001 fell below 1.3% for the first time this year [14][15]. 3.2.2 Certificate of Deposit Interest Rate Trends and Repurchase Transaction Situations - In the primary market, the issuance scale of inter - bank certificates of deposit last week was 495.91 billion yuan, a decrease of 63.54 billion yuan from the previous week. The net financing scale was 47.1 billion yuan, an increase of 289.69 billion yuan from the previous week. The issuance interest rates of inter - bank certificates of deposit generally increased last week. In the secondary market, the yields of inter - bank certificates of deposit generally increased last week [25][31][34]. 3.3 Bond Market - In the primary market, the supply scale of interest - rate bonds decreased last week, with an actual issuance of 430.717 billion yuan and a net financing of 128.844 billion yuan. As of December 5, 2025, the cumulative net financing scale of various treasury bonds in 2025 was about 6.23 trillion yuan, and that of various local bonds was about 7.11 trillion yuan, showing a significant increase compared with the average values from 2021 to 2024. As of last week, the issuance scale of special refinancing bonds in 2025 had reached 2.29 trillion yuan, mainly with long - term and ultra - long - term maturities [38][44][48]. - In the secondary market, at the beginning of the month, the short - term interest rates were stable, while the ultra - long - term interest rates continued to be affected by market noise and increased significantly. The yields of 1 - year, 3 - year, 5 - year, 7 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bonds changed by - 0.01BP, - 1.46BP, 1.39BP, 0.17BP, 0.68BP, and 7.20BP respectively. The 10Y - 1Y treasury bond yield spread increased from 43.95BP to 44.64BP. The yields of the same - term CDB bonds also changed, and the 10Y - 1Y CDB bond yield spread increased from 34.94BP to 37.66BP. The implied tax rate of 10 - year CDB bonds increased slightly [51]. 3.4 Institutional Behavior Tracking - Last week, the leveraged trading scale was generally stable due to the relatively loose fund market. In the cash bond market, state - owned banks significantly increased their holdings of treasury bonds within 5 years and local bonds within 10 years; rural commercial banks mainly increased their holdings of 5 - 10 - year policy financial bonds and treasury bonds over 5 years; insurance companies continued to prefer local bonds over 10 years; securities firms and funds were the main sellers last week [68][73]. - In October 2025, the leverage ratio of all institutions in the inter - bank market was about 118.77%, an increase of about 0.06 percentage points from September. The leverage ratios of commercial banks, securities companies, and other institutions in the inter - bank market in October 2025 were about 110.31%, 191.29%, and 132.17% respectively [68]. 3.5 High - Frequency Data Tracking - Last week, the settlement price of rebar futures increased by 2.47% week - on - week, the settlement price of wire rod futures remained flat, the settlement price of cathode copper futures increased by 5.02% week - on - week, the cement price index decreased by 0.40% week - on - week, and the South China Glass Index decreased by 4.70% week - on - week. The CCFI index decreased by 0.62% week - on - week, and the BDI index increased by 9.92% week - on - week. In terms of food prices, the wholesale price of pork decreased by 0.84% week - on - week, and the wholesale price of vegetables increased by 3.31% week - on - week. The settlement prices of Brent crude oil futures and WTI crude oil futures increased by 0.09% and 1.91% respectively week - on - week. The central parity rate of the US dollar against the RMB was 7.07 last week [88]. 3.6 Market Outlook - The report maintains the judgment of a recovery market in December but expects the downward space of interest rates to be relatively limited. It is recommended to adopt a left - side layout configuration rhythm, prioritize switching positions to medium - and short - term treasury bonds and policy financial bonds, and pay attention to trading opportunities of secondary perpetual bonds of the same term. As the meeting window approaches, gradually increase the offensive nature of the portfolio, control the overall duration center of the portfolio within the medium - to long - term range of 5 - 7 years, and avoid high - congestion assets [3][92][93].

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the steel industry is "Positive" [2] Core Insights - The steel sector has shown a slight increase of 0.54% this week, underperforming compared to the broader market, which rose by 1.28% [10] - The report indicates that while the steel industry faces supply-demand imbalances, the implementation of "stability growth" policies is expected to support steel demand, particularly in real estate and infrastructure sectors [3] - The report suggests that the overall industry structure is likely to improve, with specific companies being undervalued and presenting structural investment opportunities [3] Supply Summary - As of December 5, the capacity utilization rate for blast furnaces among sample steel companies is 87.1%, a decrease of 0.90 percentage points week-on-week [27] - The average daily pig iron production is 2.323 million tons, down 2.38% week-on-week [27] - The total production of five major steel products is 7.187 million tons, a decrease of 3.78% week-on-week [27] Demand Summary - The consumption of five major steel products is 8.642 million tons, down 2.68% week-on-week [35] - The transaction volume of construction steel among mainstream traders is 99,000 tons, a decrease of 5.31% week-on-week [35] Inventory Summary - The social inventory of five major steel products is 9.785 million tons, down 2.86% week-on-week [43] - The factory inventory of five major steel products is 3.871 million tons, down 1.64% week-on-week [43] Price & Profit Summary - The comprehensive index for ordinary steel is 3,473.6 CNY/ton, an increase of 0.60% week-on-week [49] - The profit for rebar produced in blast furnaces is 34 CNY/ton, an increase of 383.33% week-on-week [55] - The profit for electric arc furnace-produced construction steel is -25 CNY/ton, an increase of 59.02% week-on-week [55] Raw Material Summary - The spot price index for Australian iron ore (62% Fe) is 790 CNY/ton, down 0.75% week-on-week [71] - The price of primary metallurgical coke is 1,880 CNY/ton, down 55 CNY/ton week-on-week [71]

（文章来源：每日经济新闻） 钢铁ETF（515210）跟踪的是中证钢铁指数（930606），该指数从沪深市场中选取涉及普钢、特钢等细 分领域的上市公司证券作为指数样本，以反映钢铁行业相关上市公司证券的整体表现。该指数旨在追踪 钢铁行业的市场动态及经济周期变化，为投资者提供行业投资参考。 国泰海通指出，铁矿或逐步进入宽松周期，价格向上弹性有限，钢铁成本掣肘因素有望改善，行业盈利 中枢或逐步修复。需求端，地产对钢铁需求的拖拽影响已减弱，基建、制造业用钢需求有望平稳增长， 1-10月钢材出口量维持同比增势，预期需求逐步企稳。供给端，约65%钢企亏损，市场化出清已开始出 现，叠加工信部提出继续实施产量压减政策，供需动态平衡下基本面有望修复。长期看，产业集中度提 升、高质量发展是行业趋势，环保与碳中和背景下龙头优势将凸显。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The manufacturing and construction PMIs showed slight recovery in November, yet remain below the expansion threshold, particularly the construction sector at its lowest level in five years, while the service sector experienced a notable decline during the off-peak consumption season [2][3] Manufacturing Sector - The manufacturing PMI rose by 0.2 to 49.2 in November, with most sub-indices improving, indicating a recovery in demand and stable production activities. The production index reached 50, up 0.3 from the previous month, and the new orders index increased to 49.2, up 0.4 [2] - The "two 500 billion" growth stabilization policies introduced at the end of September are expected to boost infrastructure and manufacturing investments in November. The new export orders index improved to 47.6, up 1.7, reflecting a stabilization in foreign trade due to the outcomes of US-China tariff negotiations [2] - The raw material purchasing price index rose to 53.6, up 1.1, while the factory price index increased to 48.2, up 0.7. However, the widening gap between raw material purchasing and finished product prices indicates a blockage in price transmission, which may hinder future profit recovery for enterprises [2] Service Sector - The service sector PMI fell to 49.5, down 0.7 from the previous month, marking the only decline among the three sectors. Following the concentrated release of consumer demand during the "Golden Week," various sectors such as retail, accommodation, transportation, and entertainment saw a decline due to high base effects from the previous month [3] - The financial sector's business activity index and new orders index both rose significantly, exceeding 55%, indicating strong performance. The service sector PMI expectation index remains at 55.9, suggesting potential recovery in consumer-related services in December due to year-end festivities and winter demand [3] Construction Sector - The construction PMI increased by 0.5 to 49.6, indicating some recovery in construction activities, yet it remains at the lowest level for the same period since 2019, reflecting ongoing weak demand in the industry [3] - The civil engineering business activity index remains above 52, indicating growth in civil engineering activities. The business expectation index improved by 1.9, suggesting that accelerated progress on key projects and the impact of policy financial tools may drive further growth in the construction sector [3] Future Outlook - In December, all sectors are expected to enter a year-end sprint phase, coinciding with important policy implementation and capital injection points. The anticipated demand increase from the "15th Five-Year Plan" and the backdrop of a phased US-China trade agreement may lead to a steady rise in the manufacturing PMI [4] - For the construction sector, an increase in the speed of capital injection related to infrastructure is expected in Q4, which may lay a solid foundation for growth stabilization [4] - The concentrated release of consumer-related demand during year-end festivities and winter is anticipated to boost the service sector in the coming month, with financial activities continuing to support the sector [4]

Manufacturing PMI Insights - In November 2025, China's manufacturing PMI rose to 49.2%, an increase of 0.2 percentage points from October, aligning with market expectations[1] - The manufacturing new orders index increased by 0.4 percentage points to 49.2%, driven by the implementation of the "two 500 billion" growth stabilization policies[2] - The manufacturing production index rebounded to 50.0%, up 0.3 percentage points from the previous month, indicating a return to non-contraction territory[3] Economic Factors - The recent "anti-involution" policies have led to a rise in raw material prices, with the main raw material price index increasing by 1.1 percentage points to 53.6%[4] - The production expectations index for manufacturing improved by 0.3 percentage points to 53.1%, reflecting a more optimistic outlook among manufacturers[5] - The construction PMI rose to 49.6%, up 0.5 percentage points, supported by the completion of 500 billion new policy financial tools[7] Service Sector Performance - The non-manufacturing business activity index fell to 49.5%, a decrease of 0.6 percentage points, marking the first entry into contraction territory for the year[6] - The service sector's decline is attributed to weakened consumer demand and significant adjustments in the real estate market[6] Future Outlook - The overall macroeconomic environment remains stable but shows signs of weakness, with the comprehensive PMI output index falling below the equilibrium line for the first time this year[8] - Projections indicate a potential decline in the manufacturing PMI to around 49.1% in December, influenced by external trade pressures and ongoing adjustments in the real estate market[8]

Core Insights - The manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) in China for November is reported at 49.2%, indicating a slight improvement from the previous month [1] - The overall economic sentiment in China remains stable, with improvements in both production and demand in the manufacturing sector [1] - Small enterprises have shown a significant recovery in PMI, while high-tech manufacturing continues to expand [2] Manufacturing Sector - The production index and new orders index for November are 50.0% and 49.2%, respectively, reflecting increases of 0.3 and 0.4 percentage points from the previous month [1] - New export orders index rose by 1.7 percentage points to 47.6%, marking the second highest point since April of this year, indicating strong resilience in exports [1] - The manufacturing production and operational expectations index increased by 0.3 percentage points to 53.1%, suggesting enhanced confidence among manufacturers [2] Enterprise Size Analysis - Large enterprises' PMI stands at 49.3%, a decrease of 0.6 percentage points from last month, while medium and small enterprises' PMIs are 48.9% and 49.1%, showing increases of 0.2 and 2.0 percentage points, respectively [2] - The recovery in PMI is primarily driven by medium and small enterprises, with small enterprises reaching a six-month high [2] Industry Performance - High-tech manufacturing PMI is at 50.1%, remaining above the critical point for ten consecutive months, indicating sustained growth [2] - Equipment manufacturing and consumer goods industries have PMIs of 49.8% and 49.4%, both showing declines from the previous month [2] - High-energy-consuming industries' PMI increased by 1.1 percentage points to 48.4%, indicating a low-level recovery [2] Price Trends - The purchasing price index and factory price index for November are 53.6% and 48.2%, respectively, both showing increases from the previous month [3] - The procurement willingness of enterprises improved, with the procurement volume index rising to 49.5% [3] - The construction industry shows a steady recovery, with the business activity index at 49.6%, a slight increase from last month [3] Service Sector - The service sector's business activity index fell to 49.5%, down 0.7 percentage points from the previous month, indicating a return below the critical line [4] - The new orders index for the service sector dropped to 45.6%, reflecting insufficient recovery in market demand [4] - Despite short-term demand disruptions, the service sector's confidence remains supported, with expectations for recovery as policies are implemented [4] Future Outlook - Experts anticipate that the manufacturing PMI will stabilize and potentially improve in December, driven by year-end demand [5] - The overall economic sentiment will largely depend on the effectiveness and timing of growth-stabilizing policies [5]

Group 1: Manufacturing Sector - The manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) for November is reported at 49.2%, showing a slight increase of 0.2 percentage points from the previous month, indicating a modest improvement in economic conditions [7][8] - The production index stands at 50.0%, up by 0.3 percentage points, while the new orders index is at 49.2%, increasing by 0.4 percentage points, suggesting a recovery in production and demand [8] - The new export orders index rose by 1.7 percentage points to 47.6%, driven by improved expectations from US-China trade negotiations and seasonal demand from overseas shopping [8] Group 2: Non-Manufacturing Sector - The non-manufacturing business activity index decreased to 49.5%, down by 0.6 percentage points, marking the first entry into contraction territory this year [11] - The service sector's business activity index fell to 49.5%, influenced by the end of holiday effects, while the construction sector's index improved to 49.6%, reflecting better conditions in construction activities [11] - The construction new orders index increased by 0.2 percentage points to 46.1%, indicating a gradual recovery in demand [11] Group 3: Economic Outlook - Analysts predict that the manufacturing PMI may decline to around 49.1% in December, based on historical trends, but there is potential for new growth measures to be introduced before year-end [13] - The service sector is expected to see a slight recovery in December due to upcoming holidays and the impact of consumption policies, although improvements in real estate and employment may be gradual [13] - Infrastructure investment is anticipated to rebound, providing support for the construction PMI, with increased funding from policy financial tools and local government bonds expected to enhance economic activity [13]

Group 1: Manufacturing Sector - In November, China's manufacturing PMI rose to 49.2%, an increase of 0.2 percentage points from October, indicating an improvement in economic conditions [1] - The production index and new orders index were reported at 50.0% and 49.2%, respectively, with increases of 0.3 and 0.4 percentage points from the previous month [1] - The high-tech manufacturing PMI stood at 50.1%, remaining above the critical point for ten consecutive months, reflecting ongoing expansion in this sector [1][3] Group 2: Market Demand and Orders - The new orders index for manufacturing increased by 0.4 percentage points to 49.2%, suggesting a recovery in market demand [2] - The new export orders index rose by 1.7 percentage points to 47.6%, contributing significantly to the increase in the new orders index [2] - Recent policy measures, including the introduction of 500 billion yuan in new policy financial tools, are expected to stimulate infrastructure and manufacturing investments, thereby boosting domestic market demand [2] Group 3: Inventory and Production Trends - The raw materials inventory index remained below the prosperity line at 47.3%, indicating a continued destocking trend, while the finished goods inventory index also decreased, suggesting accelerated destocking [3] - The difference between the new orders index and the finished goods inventory index expanded by 1.2 percentage points, indicating that companies are focusing on reducing inventory levels [2][3] Group 4: Sector-Specific Insights - The high-tech manufacturing sector continues to show resilience and growth, with a PMI of 50.1%, despite a slight decline from the previous month [3] - The equipment manufacturing PMI fell to 49.8% and the consumer goods manufacturing PMI dropped to 49.4%, both entering contraction territory, indicating a potential need for policy adjustments to stimulate these sectors [3] - The construction sector's business activity index improved to 49.6%, driven by the completion of the 500 billion yuan policy financial tool, which is expected to support infrastructure investment [5]

库存 中 降，钢价震荡偏强 【】【】[Table_Industry] 钢铁 [Table_ReportDate] 2025 年 11 月 30 日 证券研究报告 行业研究——周报 [Tabl 行业周报 e_ReportType] [Table_StockAndRank] 钢铁 投资评级 看好 上次评级 看好 [高Table_Author] 升 煤炭、钢铁行业首席分析师 执业编号：S1500524100002 邮 箱：gaosheng@cindasc.com 刘 波 煤炭、钢铁行业分析师 执业编号：S1500525070001 邮 箱：liubo1@cindasc.com 李 睿 煤炭、钢铁行业分析师 执业编号：S1500525040002 邮箱：lirui@cindasc.com 信达证券股份有限公司 CINDA SECURITIES CO.，LTD 北京市西城区宣武门西大街甲127号金隅 大厦B座 邮编：100031 [库存稳中有 Table_Title]降，钢价震荡偏强 本期内容提要： 请阅读最后一页免责声明及信息披露 http://www.cindasc.com 2 [Table_ReportDate] ...