——光伏行业"反内卷"政策研究 [Table_Author] 杜彤彤 分析师 行业研究｜光伏设备 2026 年 03 月 02 日 证券研究报告 政策合力下的产业格局重塑与价值重估 当前的"反内卷"政策体系建设，是一个多元工具协同发力、政府与市场 双向奔赴的有机整体。中央政策通过设定规则、划定红线、调整激励，为 行业指明了前进方向。而行业的自救行动，则是市场主体在明确预期下， 为了共同生存与发展而进行的理性选择与创新探索。 Email:dutongtong@lczq.com 证书:S1320526020001 投资要点： 当前光伏行业所深陷的"内卷"困境，本质上是供需错配与同质化竞争加 剧共同作用的结果。其根源在于，前期资本集中投入所形成的庞大产能， 与全球能源转型需求进入平稳增长阶段之间的矛盾日益凸显。当增量市场 无法消化过剩供给时，激烈的同质化竞争便从国内蔓延至全球，导致"内 卷"压力向海外溢出。企业为维持现金流与市场份额，往往被迫以接近甚 至低于现金成本的价格参与竞争。 "反内卷"政策组合拳的落地，其影响绝非简单的价格短期反弹，而将分 别从市场供需和企业格局等方面，对光伏产业进行重塑。供给侧的自律限 产 ...

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Core Viewpoint - The photovoltaic industry is experiencing a significant cost gradient differentiation due to fluctuations in silver prices and technological upgrades, leading to a visible "anti-involution" effect within the industry [1]. Cost Pressure - The global silver investment demand is expected to remain strong through 2026, supported by geopolitical tensions and U.S. policy uncertainties, with silver prices having risen by 11% this year after surpassing $100 per ounce for the first time in January [2]. - Despite high prices leading to a projected 17% reduction in global jewelry and silverware demand, industrial demand remains resilient [2]. - A supply shortage of approximately 67 million ounces is anticipated in the global silver market by 2026, marking the sixth consecutive year of deficit, which is expected to keep silver prices strong [2]. - The photovoltaic sector, as a major consumer of silver, will continue to face cost pressures due to high silver prices, accelerating the development of silver paste substitution technologies among leading companies [2][3]. Technological Breakthroughs - Leading companies are rapidly advancing silver paste substitution technologies, with some planning large-scale production of alternative materials in the near future [4]. - Longi Green Energy has announced plans to start large-scale production of non-silver solutions, which could further reduce component costs [4]. - Other major players like JinkoSolar and Aiko are also actively pursuing silver paste alternatives, with significant collaborations aimed at industrializing low-silver technologies by 2026 [4][5]. Industry Restructuring - The shift towards high-efficiency and reliable components is expected to create a competitive landscape where companies with technological advantages can command price premiums, while less efficient capacities face dual pressures from price and demand declines [5][6]. - The Chinese photovoltaic industry is projected to see a significant change in 2026, with new installations expected to range between 180GW and 240GW, following a record high of 315GW in 2025 [5][6]. - The core theme of the industry's "anti-involution" in 2026 will be driven by upgraded end-user demand, pushing manufacturers towards high-quality development through technological iterations and improved market mechanisms [6].

Core Viewpoint - The photovoltaic industry is experiencing a clear trend of cost differentiation driven by fluctuations in silver prices and technological advancements, leading to a reduction in industry competition [1][8]. Cost Pressure - The global demand for silver is expected to remain strong through 2026, supported by geopolitical tensions and uncertainty in U.S. policies, despite a projected 17% reduction in global jewelry and silverware demand due to high prices [2]. - The silver price has increased by 11% this year, following its historic rise above $100 per ounce in January [2]. - The global silver market is projected to face a supply shortage of approximately 67 million ounces by 2026, marking the sixth consecutive year of deficit [2]. - The photovoltaic sector, as a major consumer of silver, will continue to face cost pressures due to high silver prices, prompting companies to accelerate the development of silver paste alternatives [2][3]. Technological Breakthroughs - Leading companies in the photovoltaic industry are making significant progress in developing silver paste alternatives, with some planning large-scale production of low-cost metal alternatives [4]. - Longi Green Energy has announced plans to start large-scale production of a copper paste solution in Q2 of this year, which could reduce component costs by approximately 0.02 yuan per watt [4]. - Other major players, including Aiko Solar and JinkoSolar, are also actively pursuing silver paste replacement technologies, with JinkoSolar collaborating with Wuxi Dike Electronic Materials to innovate in low-silver metallization techniques [4][5]. Industry Restructuring - The photovoltaic industry is expected to shift towards high-efficiency and reliable components, with companies possessing technological advantages able to command price premiums [6]. - The new installed capacity of photovoltaic systems in China is projected to reach between 180 GW and 240 GW in 2026, marking a significant turning point after years of growth [6]. - The transition towards high-quality development in the photovoltaic sector will be driven by upgraded end-user demand, which will compel manufacturers to enhance technology and market mechanisms [8].

Group 1: Gold Market Insights - BNP Paribas predicts gold prices may rise to $6000 per ounce by year-end due to ongoing macroeconomic and geopolitical risks, with a rebound in the gold-silver ratio expected [1] - Wells Fargo views recent gold price corrections as healthy, raising their 2026 gold price target to between $6100 and $6300 per ounce, indicating over 20% upside potential driven by geopolitical risks and strong central bank demand [1] - JPMorgan suggests that if private sector demand continues to grow, gold prices could reach approximately $8000 per ounce by the end of the decade, contingent on a significant increase in investment allocation to gold [1] Group 2: Silver Market Outlook - The Silver Institute forecasts that the silver market will experience a supply gap for the sixth consecutive year in 2026, with a projected shortfall of 67 million ounces, driven by physical supply shortages and geopolitical uncertainties [2] Group 3: U.S. Treasury Market Dynamics - TD Securities reports that foreign buyers' share of U.S. Treasury auctions has increased, alleviating concerns about the loss of the safe-haven status and the impact of large deficits on buyer interest [3] - The report indicates that the share of foreign and international accounts in January reached about 19%, the highest in three years, suggesting a strong ongoing interest in U.S. Treasuries despite market rumors of a sell-off [3] Group 4: UK Government Bonds - Dutch Bank analysts highlight that political instability in the UK may lead investors to demand a risk premium on UK government bonds, despite a slight decrease in yields following recent political reassurances [4] Group 5: Euro Strength and ECB Response - Deutsche Bank notes that the recent strengthening of the euro is driven by external factors beyond the European Central Bank's control, complicating the ECB's ability to respond effectively [5] Group 6: AI and Media Industry Developments - CITIC Securities emphasizes the potential of ByteDance's Seedance 2.0 video model to revolutionize the film industry, particularly in the AI comic drama sector, which is less susceptible to replacement by large models [6] - The report suggests that the demand for tokens in AI comic production is significant, with each production potentially consuming over 100 million tokens, indicating a strategic opportunity for model companies [6] Group 7: Banking Sector Trends - CICC anticipates a slowdown in the expansion of bank balance sheets, aligning with the central bank's focus on quality and efficiency rather than simple quantitative easing [7] Group 8: Photovoltaic Industry Insights - CITIC Securities predicts an acceleration in the "anti-involution" trend within the photovoltaic battery component industry, driven by rising silver prices and a shift towards high-efficiency products [8] Group 9: Gold Investment Trends - Tianfeng Securities forecasts that gold bar and coin consumption in China will surpass jewelry consumption for the first time in 2025, indicating a significant shift in market dynamics [9]

Core Viewpoint - The surge in silver prices is expected to accelerate the adoption of low-cost metal pastes in the photovoltaic (PV) battery module industry, leading to increased cost differentiation among manufacturers and the potential elimination of outdated production capacity [1][6] Group 1: Silver Price Impact - The price of silver has risen significantly, from approximately 8,000 RMB/kg in mid-2025 to around 19,000 RMB/kg currently, with expectations for continued strength [2] - For TOPCon batteries, a 1,000 RMB/kg increase in silver price corresponds to a cost increase of about 0.01 RMB/W, with current silver paste costs nearing 0.20 RMB/W [2] - HJT manufacturers are expected to reduce silver usage to below 4 mg/W, achieving a cost advantage over TOPCon batteries by more than 0.10 RMB/W [2][3] Group 2: Competitive Landscape - The introduction of low-cost metal pastes is anticipated to accelerate among leading manufacturers, with a critical mass application expected in the second half of 2026 [3] - Second and third-tier manufacturers may face challenges in adopting low-cost metal pastes due to funding and technical limitations, potentially widening the cost gap to over 0.10 RMB/W compared to leading firms [3] Group 3: Intellectual Property Developments - Aiko Solar has signed a patent licensing agreement with Maxeon, paying 1.65 billion RMB over five years for access to BC battery patents, marking a significant step in addressing intellectual property issues in the PV industry [4] - This collaboration is expected to enhance Aiko's competitive position and set a precedent for resolving patent disputes within the industry [4] Group 4: Investment Recommendations - The PV battery module industry is projected to experience accelerated "anti-involution," with recommendations to invest in leading battery module manufacturers, core paste suppliers, and HJT equipment suppliers with sustained competitive advantages [6]

近日，国家能源局正式发布了2025年度全国电力统计数据。 | 全国电力统计数据- | 览表(截至2025年底) | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 指 标 名 称 | 単位 | 全年累计 | 同比增长 (%) | | 全国发电装机容量 | 万千瓦 | 389134 | 16.1 | | 其中:水电 | 万千瓦 | 44802 | 2.9 | | 火电 | 万千瓦 | 153904 | 6.3 | | 核电 | 万千瓦 | 6248 | 2.7 | | 风电 | 万千瓦 | 64001 | 22.9 | | 太阳能发电 | 万千瓦 | 120173 | 35.4 | | 全国线路损失率 | 0/0 | 4.23 | -0.13 ▲ | | 全国发电设备累计平均利用小时 | 小时 | 3119 | -312* | 根据国家能源局的数据，2025年4月、5月国内光伏新增装机分别为45.22GW、92.92GW。而随着"抢装潮"过后，下游装机规模迅速下滑，特别是第三季度， 其三个月累计新增装机量仅约28GW，远不足4月份单月的新增装机量。 2025年度全国电力统计数据图片来源：国家能源 ...

Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the given content 2. Core Views - The State Council General Office issued a work plan to foster new growth points in service consumption, identifying key service - consumption areas such as transportation, household services, online audio - visual, sojourn, automotive aftermarket, and inbound consumption [2] - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology emphasized that "anti - involution" is the main contradiction in the photovoltaic industry's governance and will use various means to promote its healthy development [2] - Trump stated that Putin agreed to a one - week suspension of air strikes on Ukraine, plans to announce the nomination for the next Fed Chair next week, and the US plans to reopen Venezuelan airspace [2] - As of the week ending January 29,螺纹产量 increased by 0.14% to 199.83 million tons, total inventory reached 475.53 million tons with a weekly increase of 23.43 million tons, and the apparent demand decreased by 4.92% to 176.40 million tons [2] - In 2025, global gold demand reached a record high of 5002 tons, with central banks net - buying 230 tons in Q4 (a 6% increase from the previous quarter) and 863 tons for the whole year [2] 3. Summary by Related Catalogs Hot News - The State Council General Office issued a work plan with 12 policy measures in three aspects to boost service consumption, targeting specific key areas [2] - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology held a symposium on the photovoltaic industry, highlighting the need for "anti - involution" and using market - and law - based means for regulation [2] - Trump made statements about the Ukraine situation, Fed Chair nomination, and Venezuelan airspace [2] - Steel data shows changes in production, inventory, and demand for rebar as of January 29 [2] - The World Gold Council reported record - high global gold demand in 2025 and significant central - bank gold purchases [2] Key Focus - The report focuses on urea, synthetic rubber, polysilicon, crude oil, and PP [3] Night - session Performance - Different commodity sectors had various night - session performance, with the precious metals sector having a 39.21% increase, followed by the non - ferrous metals sector with 26.56%, and the coal - coke - steel - ore sector with 7.90% [3] Plate Position - The chart shows the changes in the positions of different commodity futures sectors in the past five days [4] Performance of Major Asset Classes - Different asset classes had different daily, monthly, and annual returns. For example, the Shanghai Composite Index had a daily increase of 0.16%, a monthly increase of 4.77%, and an annual increase of 4.77% [5] Main Commodity Trends - The report presents the trends of major commodities such as the Baltic Dry Index, CRB Spot Index, WTI crude oil, London spot gold, LME copper, etc., as well as the risk premium of the stock market [6]

Focus Events - President Trump announced he will reveal the nomination for the next Federal Reserve Chair next week, criticizing current Chair Powell for not lowering interest rates [1] Oil Market - WTI crude oil prices surged by 5% to $66.3 per barrel, while Brent crude rose by 4.25% to $70.23 per barrel [2][4] Company Updates - Guizhou Moutai's stock price increased by 8.61%, with investor Duan Yongping stating he did not purchase shares on that day but had exchanged some shares of China Shenhua for Moutai earlier [3] - Sichuan Gold expects a net profit of 420 million to 480 million yuan for 2025, representing a year-on-year increase of 69.23% to 93.40% due to higher sales volume and rising gold prices [16] - Hanwei Technology forecasts a net profit of 125 million to 175 million yuan for 2025, indicating a growth of 63.01% to 128.22% [17] - Transsion Holdings anticipates a revenue of approximately 65.568 billion yuan for 2025, a decrease of about 4.58%, with a net profit drop of 54.11% due to rising supply chain costs [17] - Jiangfeng Electronics plans to acquire control of Kaide Quartz for cash, leading to a temporary suspension of its stock [19] - Aote Xun expects a net loss of 63.6 million to 72.1 million yuan for 2025, with potential delisting risks due to negative financial indicators [20] - Mu Xi Co. plans to use up to 200 million yuan of raised funds to provide loans to its wholly-owned subsidiary for a new GPU project [21] Industry Dynamics - The State Council issued a plan to accelerate the cultivation of new growth points in service consumption, focusing on various sectors including transportation and online services [9] - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology held a meeting to address the "anti-involution" issue in the photovoltaic industry, emphasizing the need for coordinated governance and market regulation [12] - China aims to expand its "space+" future industries, focusing on commercial space applications and infrastructure development [11] - New regulations were issued to support wind power projects, encouraging development in less ecologically sensitive areas [14]

Core Viewpoint - The photovoltaic industry is undergoing a brutal survival elimination race and a deep restructuring of the industrial pattern, with the next phase expected to be redefined after this intense reshuffle [2][4]. Group 1: Industry Performance and Losses - In 2025, major companies in the photovoltaic sector are expected to report significant losses, with JinkoSolar forecasting a net loss of 5.9 billion to 6.9 billion yuan, Trina Solar predicting a loss of 6.5 billion to 7.5 billion yuan, and Tongwei expecting a loss of 9 billion to 10 billion yuan [2][6]. - The total expected losses from leading companies amount to hundreds of billions, indicating that the photovoltaic industry is still mired in a loss-making situation [2][5]. - The industry has shifted from a phase of rapid expansion to a deep adjustment period, with companies generally operating at a loss to maintain operations, severely squeezing overall profitability [7][12]. Group 2: Causes of the Crisis - The root cause of the current industry crisis is attributed to aggressive expansion in the past, leading to severe structural oversupply and intense price competition [3][6]. - The prices of key materials such as silicon have plummeted from 300,000 yuan per ton in 2022 to around 55,000 yuan per ton, while silver prices have nearly doubled in recent months, further exacerbating the challenges faced by companies [4][10]. Group 3: Strategic Responses and Industry Restructuring - In response to the crisis, leading companies are turning to mergers and acquisitions to strengthen competitiveness or are extending into related fields such as energy storage and hydrogen energy to seek strategic breakthroughs [4][12]. - TCL Zhonghuan announced plans to invest in a new energy technology company to enhance its integrated strategy and expand battery and module production capacity [12]. - The industry is experiencing a "淘汰赛" (elimination race), with smaller companies likely to exit the market or seek mergers as the competitive landscape narrows [13][14]. Group 4: Future Outlook and Recovery Potential - Companies like Tongwei have seen some operational profitability in the latter half of 2025, but overall losses are expected to continue due to declining sales prices and rising raw material costs [9][10]. - The recovery of profitability is contingent on the overall price recovery across the supply chain and the expansion of photovoltaic application scenarios, which could provide significant growth opportunities [9][10]. - The photovoltaic industry is witnessing a recent increase in component prices, with some manufacturers raising prices by 0.04 to 0.15 yuan per watt, indicating a potential shift in market dynamics [18][19].