证券研究报告 | 债券市场专题研究 | 债券研究 市场普遍更多从"量"的角度去理解人民币汇率对狭义流动性的影响机制，我们 认为"价"（央行对回购利率的合意水平）或更为顺畅。从"量"的角度看，在 意愿结售汇的制度下，商业银行对于持有外币的态度影响"企业结汇—商业银行 卖出外汇给央行—央行购汇、投放基础货币"的链条，2026 年 1 月份央行资产 负债表外汇占款科目环比增加额（531 亿）相较于银行间超储金额可忽略不计。 但从"价"的角度看，汇率贬值压力较大时（例如 2023 年 8-10 月、2024 年 4-6 月、2025 年 1-3 月等），逆周期因子大幅为负、香港地区人民币流动性收紧和银 行间回购利率（以 R007 为代表）明显抬升。因此央行当前对于人民币过快升值 的态度，或使得央行对 R007 等回购利率的合意水平下修。 ❑ 多重利好下，资金面或延续宽松态势，存单利差和信用利差延续低位 我们在 2 月 8 日《本次春节假期前后资金面的关注点》指出"本次春节假期更需 关注现金回笼银行的速度和假期期间人民币的升值变动情况"。以北上广深地铁 日度客运量刻画的返工节奏明显好于 2023 年春节后，与 2024 ...

Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating No investment rating information is provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints - The bond market oscillates between stable growth and easing expectations. Influenced by the stock market, the Political Bureau meeting signaled loose monetary policy, the LPR remained unchanged, and the Fed's rate - cut expectations and global trade uncertainties increased the uncertainty of foreign capital inflows. Short - term attention should be paid to policy signals at the end of the month [3]. 3. Summary by Directory I. Interest Rate Pricing Tracking Indicators - **Price Indicators**: China's CPI (monthly) had a 0.20% month - on - month increase and a 0.80% year - on - year increase; China's PPI (monthly) had a 0.20% month - on - month increase and a - 1.90% year - on - year decrease [9]. - **Monthly Economic Indicators**: Social financing scale was 442.12 trillion yuan, with a month - on - month increase of 2.05 trillion yuan (+0.47%); M2 year - on - year growth was 8.50%, with a month - on - month increase of 0.50% (+6.25%); Manufacturing PMI was 49.30%, with a month - on - month decrease of 0.80% (-1.60%) [10]. - **Daily Economic Indicators**: The US dollar index was 97.61, up 0.49 (+0.50%); The offshore US dollar to RMB exchange rate was 6.9411, down 0.011 (-0.16%); SHIBOR 7 - day was 1.49, down 0.10 (-6.01%); DR007 was 1.49, down 0.10 (-6.40%); R007 was 1.68, up 0.17 (+11.44%); The 3 - month inter - bank certificate of deposit (AAA) was 1.58, unchanged (+0.00%); The AA - AAA credit spread (1Y) was 0.09, unchanged (+0.00%) [11]. II. Overview of the Treasury and Treasury Futures Market The report provides multiple charts showing the trends and proportions related to the treasury futures market, including the closing prices, price changes, precipitation of funds, positions, and net positions of various treasury futures varieties [13][14][18]. III. Overview of the Money Market Liquidity The report presents charts on the inter - bank pledged repurchase transaction statistics, local government bond issuance, the spread between China Development Bank bonds and treasury bonds, treasury bond issuance, Shibor interest rate trends, and the yield trends of inter - bank certificates of deposit (AAA) [24][27][29]. IV. Spread Overview The report shows the trends of inter - period spreads of various treasury futures varieties and the spreads between spot bond term spreads and futures cross - variety spreads through multiple charts [34][35][37]. V. Two - Year Treasury Futures The report includes charts on the implied interest rate and the maturity yield of the two - year treasury futures main contract, the IRR of the TS main contract and the funding rate, and the three - year basis and net basis trends of the TS main contract [43][45]. VI. Five - Year Treasury Futures The report provides charts on the implied interest rate and the maturity yield of the five - year treasury futures main contract, the IRR of the TF main contract and the funding rate, and the three - year basis and net basis trends of the TF main contract [47][55]. VII. Ten - Year Treasury Futures The report offers charts on the implied yield and the maturity yield of the ten - year treasury futures main contract, the IRR of the T main contract and the funding rate, and the three - year basis and net basis trends of the T main contract [56][57]. VIII. Thirty - Year Treasury Futures The report contains charts on the implied yield and the maturity yield of the thirty - year treasury futures main contract, the IRR of the TL main contract and the funding rate, and the three - year basis and net basis trends of the TL main contract [62][67]. 4. Strategies - **Unilateral**: As the repurchase rate declines, the prices of treasury futures oscillate [4]. - **Arbitrage**: Pay attention to the decline of the 2603 basis [4]. - **Hedging**: There is medium - term adjustment pressure, and short - sellers can use far - month contracts for moderate hedging [4].

Group 1: Money Market Overview - The average daily trading volume in the money market increased to 7.86 trillion yuan in November, a 2.3% month-on-month rise, with total trading volume reaching 157.2 trillion yuan, up 13.7% month-on-month [2] - The central bank conducted a net injection of 600 billion yuan in medium to long-term funds, maintaining a balanced and accommodative liquidity environment, while the main repo rates saw a slight increase [3] - The average daily balance in the money market decreased to 12.5 trillion yuan, down 1.7% month-on-month, with net lending balances from large commercial banks and policy banks also declining by 11.3% and 3% respectively [5] Group 2: Bond Market Activity - The issuance of bonds in the primary market increased to 4.7 trillion yuan in November, a 21.2% month-on-month rise, with net financing reaching 2.18 trillion yuan, up 119.3% month-on-month [6] - The trading volume of bonds also saw an increase, with 30.3 trillion yuan in total transactions, reflecting a 3% month-on-month growth [7] - Long-term bond yields experienced fluctuations, with the 10-year government bond yield mostly ranging between 1.8% and 1.85%, and the yield curve steepening [8] Group 3: Interest Rate Swaps - The interest rate swap curve shifted upward, with the 6-month, 1-year, and 5-year SHIBOR 3M swap rates increasing by 2 and 6 basis points respectively [9] - The average daily transaction volume in the RMB interest rate swap market decreased by 7.8% month-on-month, with a total nominal principal of 3.7 trillion yuan [9]

Core Viewpoint - The year-end anxiety in the U.S. Treasury market is easing due to the Federal Reserve's actions, which are expected to stabilize the market [1] Group 1: Federal Reserve Actions - The Federal Reserve announced the purchase of short-term Treasury bills to manage cash and control interest rate targets, leading to a significant decrease in the pricing of the year-end repurchase market [1] - Analysts believe that the Federal Reserve has the tools to prevent severe fluctuations in interest rates, and a repeat of the market volatility seen in September 2019 is not expected [1] Group 2: Market Implications - The Federal Reserve's measures are anticipated to alleviate year-end funding pressures, potentially reducing the demand for Treasury securities from private investors by 2026, which would support bond prices and lower yields [1] - The actions taken by the Federal Reserve are expected to ease the supply pressure on debt instruments [1]

Core Viewpoint - DBS Bank's report indicates a "high possibility" of the Federal Reserve (Fed) cutting interest rates again in December, despite recent balanced communication from the Fed [1] Group 1: Interest Rate Decisions - The Fed is expected to face political pressure and initial employment market signals that may lead to another rate cut in December [1] - Following the rate cut in October, Fed officials have adopted a cautious stance, with hawkish views suggesting that substantial deterioration in the labor market and significant easing of inflation are necessary for further loosening [1][2] - DBS analysts believe the threshold for further easing is relatively low due to political realities and corporate layoffs [1] Group 2: Quantitative Tightening (QT) and Monetary Policy - The Fed has announced it will stop its quantitative tightening (QT) program on December 1, which has been in place for three years [1] - There is broad consensus among Fed officials regarding the end of QT, driven by the need for more bank reserves to maintain stability in the financial system [2] - DBS expects the Fed to continue reducing its holdings of mortgage-backed securities (MBS) while reinvesting the proceeds into U.S. Treasury securities [2] - If rising repo rates do not decline in the coming months, the Fed may begin asset purchases to prevent further declines in reserves, indicating a potential return to quantitative easing (QE) [2]

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve, represented by Logan, indicates that if the recent rise in repo rates is not a temporary phenomenon, the Fed will need to start purchasing assets [1] Group 1 - The recent increase in repo rates may signal a need for intervention by the Federal Reserve [1] - The Federal Reserve's potential asset purchases could impact liquidity in the financial markets [1]

Core Viewpoint - Deutsche Bank strategists expect the Federal Reserve to announce a halt to the reduction of its balance sheet in the upcoming policy meeting, rather than in December, to avoid a significant impact on its policy credibility following unexpectedly high repurchase rates this week [1] Group 1 - The Federal Reserve is anticipated to make a policy announcement next week [1] - The decision to halt balance sheet reduction is aimed at maintaining policy credibility [1] - High repurchase rates this week have influenced the timing of the Fed's announcement [1]

Core Viewpoint - Deutsche Bank strategists expect the Federal Reserve to announce the halt of balance sheet reduction in the upcoming policy meeting rather than in December to avoid a significant impact on its policy credibility following unexpectedly high repurchase rates this week [1] Group 1 - The Federal Reserve is anticipated to make a policy announcement next week [1] - The decision to stop balance sheet reduction is aimed at maintaining policy credibility [1] - High repurchase rates have prompted a reassessment of the timing for the announcement [1]

Report Industry Investment Rating There is no information provided regarding the report's industry investment rating. Core Viewpoint The bond market sentiment is fragile, and the recovery of risk appetite suppresses the bond market. Meanwhile, the continued expectation of the Fed's interest rate cuts and the increasing global trade uncertainty add to the uncertainty of foreign capital inflows. Overall, the bond market fluctuates between the expectations of stable growth and monetary easing. Short - term attention should be paid to the policy signals at the end of the month [3]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs I. Interest Rate Pricing Tracking Indicators - China's CPI (monthly) has a 0.00% month - on - month change and a - 0.40% year - on - year change; China's PPI (monthly) has a 0.00% month - on - month change and a - 2.90% year - on - year change [9]. - The social financing scale is 433.66 trillion yuan, with a month - on - month increase of 2.40 trillion yuan and a growth rate of 0.56%. M2 year - on - year is 8.80%, with no month - on - month change. The manufacturing PMI is 49.40%, with a month - on - month increase of 0.10% and a growth rate of 0.20% [10]. - The dollar index is 97.85, with a day - on - day increase of 0.62 and a growth rate of 0.64%. The offshore dollar - to - RMB exchange rate is 7.1193, with a day - on - day increase of 0.005 and a growth rate of 0.07%. SHIBOR 7 - day is 1.59, with a day - on - day increase of 0.13 and a growth rate of 8.76%. DR007 is 1.59, with a day - on - day increase of 0.11 and a growth rate of 7.52%. R007 is 1.51, with a day - on - day decrease of 0.05 and a decline rate of 3.26%. The 3 - month inter - bank certificate of deposit (AAA) is 1.60, with a day - on - day increase of 0.01 and a growth rate of 0.82%. The AA - AAA credit spread (1Y) is 0.09, with a day - on - day increase of 0.00 and a growth rate of 0.82% [11]. II. Overview of the Treasury Bond and Treasury Bond Futures Market The report provides multiple charts related to the treasury bond and treasury bond futures market, including the closing price trend of the main continuous contracts of treasury bond futures, the price change rates of various treasury bond futures varieties, the trend of the settled funds of various treasury bond futures varieties, the proportion of open interest of various treasury bond futures varieties, etc. [15][17][19] III. Overview of the Money Market Liquidity The report presents charts on the trading statistics of inter - bank pledged repurchase and the issuance of local government bonds, as well as the Shibor interest rate trend and the yield - to - maturity trend of inter - bank certificates of deposit (AAA) [28][34]. IV. Spread Overview The report includes charts on the inter - delivery spread trend of various treasury bond futures varieties and the term spread of spot bonds and the cross - variety spread of futures [32][36][37]. V. Two - Year Treasury Bond Futures The report provides charts on the implied interest rate of the main contract of two - year treasury bond futures and the yield to maturity of treasury bonds, the IRR of the TS main contract and the funding rate, and the three - year basis trend and net basis trend of the TS main contract [39][42][50]. VI. Five - Year Treasury Bond Futures The report offers charts on the implied interest rate of the main contract of five - year treasury bond futures and the yield to maturity of treasury bonds, the IRR of the TF main contract and the funding rate, and the three - year basis trend and net basis trend of the TF main contract [52][56]. VII. Ten - Year Treasury Bond Futures The report contains charts on the implied yield of the main contract of ten - year treasury bond futures and the yield to maturity of treasury bonds, the IRR of the T main contract and the funding rate, and the three - year basis trend and net basis trend of the T main contract [59][61]. VIII. Thirty - Year Treasury Bond Futures The report provides charts on the implied yield of the main contract of thirty - year treasury bond futures and the yield to maturity of treasury bonds, the IRR of the TL main contract and the funding rate, and the three - year basis trend and net basis trend of the TL main contract [66][72]. Strategy - Unilateral: As the repurchase rate rebounds, the price of treasury bond futures fluctuates [4]. - Arbitrage: Pay attention to the decline of the 2512 basis [4]. - Hedging: There is medium - term adjustment pressure, and short - position holders can moderately hedge with far - month contracts [4].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article indicates that the interbank currency market experienced an increase in trading volume while the balance decreased, with most repo rates declining and large commercial banks' average net lending balance falling [1][2][3] Group 2 - In July, the total trading volume in the currency market reached 185.2 trillion yuan, reflecting a month-on-month increase of 12.4%, while the average daily transaction decreased by 2.2% to 8.1 trillion yuan [2] - The central bank intensified liquidity provision, resulting in an overall balanced and slightly loose funding environment, with a net injection of 468 billion yuan in the open market throughout the month [3][4] - The average daily balance in the currency market decreased to 12.8 trillion yuan, down 2.1% month-on-month, while the average net lending balance of large commercial banks fell by 4.0% [5] Group 3 - Bond issuance and average daily trading volume decreased month-on-month, with total bond issuance in July at 5.29 trillion yuan, a decline of 0.6% from the previous month, but a year-on-year increase of 27.6% [6] - The bond market saw a fluctuation in yields, with the 10-year government bond yield ranging between 1.64% and 1.75%, and the yield curve steepening [8] - The interest rate swap curve shifted from inverted to upward sloping, with daily average transaction volume increasing by 44.8% in July [9]