文 | 银行螺丝钉 （转载请注明出处） 有朋友问，近期市场有所波动，还在牛市吗？ A股 港股 的牛市有哪些特点？是慢牛还是快牛？ 面对这样的市场，我们该如何应对？之后市场还会继续上涨吗？ 针对大家的这些疑问，螺丝钉也通过直播课，进行了讲解。 长按识别下面二维码，添加 @课程小助手 微信，回复「 1202 」即可观看直播回放。 （提示：回复后可以耐心等待几秒哦～） A股目前仍处在牛市 每个投资者对牛市的定义不同。 国际上，一般从熊市底部上涨超20%，认为进入到技术性牛市。 反之，从顶部回调超20%，认为进入到技术性熊市。 那为什么会有这样一个约定俗成的牛市定义呢？其实这跟大盘指数的波动率有关系。 全球主流股票市场的宽基指数，比如沪深300、标普500，它们的年波动率一般就在10%~20%上下。 一旦某些年份，这些指数的涨跌大幅超过20%，投资者就会认为市场进入了技术性牛市或熊市。 但是从体感上，投资者一般把涨到指数点数较高位置的时候，叫做牛市。 比如2007年、2015年，当时大盘涨到了五六千点。 从2024年9月的最低点，到2025年10月最高点，中证全指上涨61.93%，进入到技术性牛市。 2025年11月 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that the A-share market is still in a bull market despite recent fluctuations, characterized by rapid price increases rather than slow, steady growth [5][30]. - The definition of a bull market varies among investors, but generally, a technical bull market is recognized when prices rise over 20% from a bear market low [3][4]. - Recent market fluctuations have shown a correction of approximately -6.47% from the peak, which is less severe than previous corrections in 2024 and 2025 [4][5]. Group 2 - Historical bull markets in A-shares have been marked by rapid increases, with significant gains occurring in short bursts, such as in 2014-2015 and the recent periods from September 2024 and June to August 2025 [10][11]. - A-shares typically experience structural bull markets, where specific sectors lead the gains, contrasting with the broad-based bull market seen in 2007 [15][18]. - The market often experiences corrections during bull runs, with patterns of "three steps forward, one step back" being common [17][18]. Group 3 - Investors are advised against chasing prices and making frequent trades, as historical data shows that many accounts were opened during previous bull markets, leading to losses when prices peaked [20][21]. - Long-term investment strategies should focus on buying undervalued stocks, as the market tends to trend upwards over time [25][27]. - The average annual return for A-shares is around 8%-10%, indicating that the current bull market is characterized by rapid gains rather than a slow bull [30]. Group 4 - The recent bull market has been influenced by short-term factors such as the Federal Reserve's interest rate cuts, which have increased liquidity in the market [32][33]. - Long-term factors include a recovery in corporate earnings, with A-share companies showing a positive growth trend in profits since 2025 [35][37]. - The continuation of the bull market is likely if the Federal Reserve maintains a low interest rate environment and corporate earnings continue to improve [37][39].

Market Overview - The overall stock market has risen, with the CSI All Share Index increasing by 0.24% [1] - Both large and small-cap stocks have experienced gains, with large and mid-cap stocks rising slightly more than small-cap stocks [3][4] - Growth styles, such as those represented by the STAR Market and ChiNext, have seen significant increases, with the ChiNext Index rising over 2% [5][6] - The Hong Kong stock market has also shown a slight increase, recovering from a drop last Friday [8][9] Bull Market Analysis - The A-share and Hong Kong markets have risen over 40% since September 2024, indicating a technical bull market [15][16] - The definition of a bull market varies among investors, but a common international standard is a rebound of over 20% from a bear market low [12][13] - A typical A-share market cycle includes small bull and bear markets every 3-5 years and larger bull markets every 7-10 years [18][19][20] Market Characteristics - The current market is characterized as a "slow bull," but this term lacks a standard definition [21] - The CSI All Share Index has grown from approximately 1000 points in 2004 to around 5700 points now, reflecting an annualized return of about 8%-9% [23] - A significant portion of A-share gains occurs in short bursts, with only 7% of trading days contributing to major price increases [28][30] Investment Strategies - Investors are advised to avoid chasing trends and making frequent trades, as this can lead to missed opportunities during significant market rallies [36][38] - Patience is emphasized as a virtue for investors, suggesting that one should hold positions unless they reach overvaluation or personal profit-taking criteria [39][40] Tools and Resources - The "Today’s Star" mini-program offers an expanded percentile valuation table for indices, allowing users to filter by various categories for targeted index fund purchases [41][42]

Group 1 - The recent bull market in A-shares and Hong Kong stocks is characterized by rapid price increases, often referred to as "lightning-fast bulls" rather than slow, steady growth [8][11] - A-shares and Hong Kong stocks have both entered a technical bull market, defined by a rise of over 20% from bear market lows [4][5] - The bull market is often structural rather than broad-based, with specific sectors or stocks leading the gains while others may lag behind [12][13] Group 2 - The bull market typically experiences intermittent pullbacks, with historical data showing that even during strong bull markets, there are multiple instances of price corrections [15][16] - Investors are advised to avoid chasing prices and frequent trading, as many tend to buy at market peaks and sell during downturns, leading to poor long-term performance [20][21] - Long-term market growth is expected, with each bear market bottom likely to be higher than the previous one, indicating a general upward trend over time [24][27] Group 3 - Future market performance will depend on the earnings growth of listed companies, which serves as the engine for sustained market increases [30][32] - Stocks with strong earnings growth and reasonable valuations are likely to continue performing well, while those with high valuations may face significant corrections [36][37]

Core Viewpoint - The article draws a parallel between human hypothermia and economic conditions, suggesting that just as individuals can misinterpret their body temperature in extreme cold, markets can misinterpret economic signals, leading to potential misjudgments about economic health [1]. Economic Data vs. Perception - Economic data often lags behind real-time events, leading to discrepancies between actual economic conditions and public perception [7]. - Japan's economy has experienced a prolonged period of stagnation, referred to as the "lost thirty years," characterized by minimal inflation and economic growth [10]. Japan's Economic Performance - Japan's CPI index showed only a 7.5% increase from 1991 to 2021, averaging an annual growth rate of 0.25% [10]. - In terms of GDP, Japan's per capita GDP in 2024 is projected to be $32,420, which, when adjusted for inflation, represents a 33% decline from 30 years ago [10][12]. Stock Market Trends - The Nikkei 225 index peaked at 38,900 points in 1989 but fell significantly over the following decades, illustrating the long-term economic decline [13]. - Despite experiencing several technical bull markets, the overall trend remains downward due to a lack of new industries and innovation [21][23]. Policy Missteps - Japanese authorities underestimated the impact of the real estate bubble's collapse, leading to delayed and ineffective policy responses [16]. - The Bank of Japan's slow transition from tight to loose monetary policy contributed to prolonged economic stagnation [16][17]. Infrastructure Investment Issues - Japan's public works spending has often been misallocated, focusing on low-impact projects in declining regions rather than stimulating private consumption and investment [20][29]. - The inefficacy of infrastructure investments has led to increased government debt without corresponding economic recovery [29]. Lessons from Japan's Experience - The article emphasizes the importance of targeted investment in emerging industries rather than excessive spending on infrastructure with diminishing returns [29]. - It highlights the need for coherent and consistent fiscal policies to avoid the pitfalls of Japan's past, particularly in the context of an aging population and rising government debt [32].

Core Viewpoint - The article draws a parallel between human hypothermia and economic stagnation, suggesting that just as individuals can misinterpret their physical sensations in extreme cold, markets can also misinterpret economic signals, leading to false perceptions of economic health [1][2]. Economic Data vs. Perception - Economic data often lags behind real-time events, leading to discrepancies between actual economic conditions and public perception [2]. - The case of Japan's "lost 30 years" illustrates how prolonged economic stagnation can occur despite seemingly positive data, as evidenced by Japan's CPI growth from 1991 to 2021 being only 7.5% [2][5]. Japan's Economic Stagnation - Japan's per capita GDP in 1991 was $28,666, peaking at $38,467 in 1994, but by 2024, it is projected to be only $32,420, indicating a significant decline when adjusted for inflation [5][7]. - The Nikkei 225 index peaked at 38,900 points in 1989 but fell to around 8,700 points by 2012, reflecting a long-term economic decline [7][10]. Policy Misjudgments - Japanese authorities underestimated the impact of the real estate bubble burst, leading to ineffective policy responses that failed to stimulate recovery [10][11]. - The Bank of Japan's delayed shift from tight to loose monetary policy contributed to prolonged deflation, with interest rates remaining high until 1995 [11]. Ineffective Fiscal Policies - Japan's fiscal policies oscillated between expansion and contraction, lacking coherence and effectiveness, which hindered economic recovery [11][12]. - Public works spending increased significantly in the 1990s, but much of it was directed towards low-impact projects in declining regions, resulting in wasted resources [12][14]. Lessons from Japan's Experience - Japan's experience highlights the importance of targeted investment in sectors that can drive growth, rather than indiscriminate infrastructure spending [23][27]. - The need for a coherent industrial policy to foster new industries is critical, as Japan has struggled to innovate in emerging sectors like technology and renewable energy [17][23]. Conclusion - The article emphasizes that while increasing public investment can stabilize growth, it must be strategically directed to avoid economic imbalances and ensure effective use of resources [27][28].

Group 1 - The recent rise in the Shanghai Composite Index has led to a perception of a "technical bull market," but many ordinary investors are still facing losses in their individual stocks despite the index reaching 3700 points [1][2] - The index is heavily influenced by a few large-cap companies, which can disproportionately affect its performance compared to smaller firms [2][3] - Major contributors to the index include state-owned enterprises and large financial institutions, which require only minor increases to significantly impact the overall market [3][5] Group 2 - Certain sectors, such as solar energy, liquor, and real estate, are currently underperforming due to various challenges, including overcapacity and declining demand [6][8] - In contrast, industries like AI, computing power, and robotics are experiencing substantial growth, driven by strong market demand and technological innovation [9] - The current market environment is characterized by structural divergence, where understanding industry dynamics is crucial for investment success [9][10] Group 3 - Investors are advised to consider index funds, such as those tracking the CSI 300 or SSE 50, as a safer investment strategy that can help mitigate risks associated with individual stock selection [14][15] - The potential for a market correction exists, and investors should be cautious about entering the market at high points, waiting for more favorable conditions [17][19] - Historical trends suggest that market rotations and broad rallies may occur, but the current environment has not yet shown signs of a widespread uptrend [19][20]

Group 1 - The Shanghai Composite Index has rebounded 20% from its low on April 7, when Trump announced the "liberation day" tariffs, indicating a potential entry into a technical bull market [1]

Core Viewpoint - A-shares showed mixed performance in the morning session, with the Shanghai Composite Index reaching a new high since October 8, indicating a technical bull market with over a 20% increase from the April low [1] Market Performance - The Shanghai Composite Index rose by 0.52%, while the Shenzhen Component Index fell by 0.06% and the ChiNext Index decreased by 0.71% [1] - The total trading volume in the Shanghai and Shenzhen markets exceeded 1 trillion, with over 2900 stocks declining [1] Sector Performance - The film and cinema sector continued its strong performance, leading the gains [1] - Other sectors that saw significant increases included oil, innovative pharmaceuticals, and pork [1] - Conversely, sectors that experienced declines included batteries, diversified finance, and minor metals [1]

Group 1 - The core driver of the recent A-share market rally is the warming of policy expectations, leading to a recovery in market risk appetite [1] - The "anti-involution" policy has become a central theme, focusing on regulating low-price competition and promoting product quality in industries such as new energy vehicles and energy [1] - The recent Central Urban Work Conference emphasized the shift from large-scale expansion to urban renewal, indicating a focus on improving existing urban infrastructure rather than new developments [2] Group 2 - The demand-side infrastructure stimulus signals have exceeded expectations, with significant projects like the Yarlung Tsangpo River hydropower project, which has a total investment of approximately 1.2 trillion yuan and a 15-year construction period [2] - The market is experiencing a dual approach with supply-side "anti-involution" and demand-side infrastructure efforts, contributing to a recovery in market risk appetite [2] - Despite external uncertainties such as tariffs and geopolitical tensions, the market has shown relative desensitization, with expectations for large-scale incremental policies remaining low [3]