委员会内部以及与欧盟各成员国首都进行非正式讨论，在正式通过之前，方案内容仍可能面临更 改。 有意思的是，《AI法案》（AI Act）也出现在了拟放宽的法规清单上。虽然《AI法案》名义上已于 2024年8月生效，但由于多项条款需分阶段实施，法案事实上尚未正式运行。例如，备受关注 的"高风险AI系统条款"将于2026年8月才正式生效。在这种情况下，法案本身就要面临修改，着 实有些令人意外。 当中美等国还在积极研究AI立法的必要性、可行性等问题时， 欧盟早早推进了相关立法进程，并率先通过了《AI法案》。而 短短几年之后，欧盟的立场就发生了如此重大的改变。这种先 紧后松的逆转，原因究竟何在？在修正之后，欧盟的AI监管到 底会是什么样？这对欧洲和全世界的AI产业发展会产生怎样的 影响？对于中国来说，这一事件又有何意义？ 作者： 陈永伟 封图：图虫创意 11月7日，英国《金融时报》爆出了一则大新闻：欧盟委员会正计划放宽部分数字监管法规。据报 道，欧委会已经拟定了一个"简化方案"，并将在11月19日对该方案作出决定。目前，该草案仍在 众所周知，在数字经济领域，欧盟素来以监管严格著称。坊间曾有一个说法：在数字经济发展上， 美 ...

Core Insights - The evolution of payment methods reflects societal technological changes, with facial recognition payment emerging as a key infrastructure in the digital economy, raising concerns beyond mere technical security and privacy issues [1][2] Group 1: Governance Principles - Establish a risk-based governance principle focusing on three core aspects: 1. Preventive principle: Regulatory measures should be proactive and adaptable to unknown risks associated with biometric data [3] 2. Proportionality principle: Regulatory intensity must correspond to the risk level of specific applications, avoiding a one-size-fits-all approach [3] 3. Collaborative governance principle: Involvement of multiple stakeholders, including government, industry, and the public, to create a cooperative governance framework [3] Group 2: Regulatory Tools and Mechanisms - Innovate key regulatory tools and mechanisms by: 1. Upgrading the "regulatory sandbox" to test data governance rules and algorithmic ethics comprehensively [4] 2. Establishing mandatory algorithm audits and certifications by independent third parties to ensure fairness and robustness [4] 3. Implementing risk-based tiered management according to transaction amounts and application scenarios, requiring multi-factor authentication for high-risk situations [4] Group 3: Legal and Standard Foundations - Strengthen the legal and standard foundations for governance by: 1. Clarifying legal responsibilities and consumer protection measures, including the principle of "reversed burden of proof" in fraud cases [5] 2. Promoting industry self-regulation and the establishment of high-standard processing norms for biometric information [5] Group 4: External Environment for Governance - Create a favorable external environment for scientific governance by: 1. Enhancing public digital literacy and awareness of risks associated with facial recognition payments [6] 2. Expanding social participation and oversight channels in the formulation of technical standards and regulations [6] - The challenges posed by facial recognition payments necessitate a comprehensive regulatory framework to guide its healthy development, ultimately supporting inclusive finance and social equity [7]

Core Viewpoint - Blockchain technology serves as the underlying infrastructure for stablecoins, and its standardization process directly impacts the future structure of the digital currency system [1] Group 1: Legislative Developments - Stablecoins are becoming a focal point for global financial regulation, with various countries, including the U.S. and EU, actively constructing regulatory frameworks to adapt to the digital age [2] - The emergence of stablecoins challenges traditional monetary systems and redefines the concepts of currency and monetary issuance [2] Group 2: Impact on the Dollar System - The traditional infrastructure supporting the dollar's dominance includes the SWIFT system, the U.S. banking system, and government credit guarantees, which allow the U.S. to maintain financial hegemony [3] - Stablecoins, particularly those pegged to the dollar, expand the use of the dollar globally, while also providing tools for de-dollarization, as seen in increasing use of local currencies in trade by countries like China and Russia [4] Group 3: Regulatory Strategies - The U.S. legislative strategy regarding stablecoins aims to maintain dollar hegemony by requiring issuers to be regulated financial institutions and primarily hold dollar-denominated assets [5][6] Group 4: Technical Standards and Power Dynamics - The standardization of blockchain technology is crucial for the future of the digital currency ecosystem, with major public chain platforms competing for dominance in the stablecoin space [7] - Different blockchain networks face interoperability challenges, leading to a fragmented state that limits the effectiveness of stablecoins as global payment tools [8] Group 5: Regulatory Divergence - There are fundamental differences in stablecoin regulatory philosophies among countries, reflecting varying views on financial innovation and monetary sovereignty [9] - The U.S. focuses on risk control and maintaining dollar dominance, while the EU emphasizes consumer protection and market integrity [9] Group 6: Cross-Border Regulatory Coordination - The global nature of stablecoins necessitates international coordination, but differing regulatory philosophies and geopolitical tensions complicate this process [11] Group 7: Balancing Innovation and Regulation - Finding a balance between encouraging financial innovation and preventing systemic risks is a common challenge for regulators [12] Group 8: Future of Digital Currency Landscape - The evolution of the global digital currency landscape will be influenced by technological advancements, regulatory policies, and geopolitical factors [13] Group 9: Strategic Opportunities and Challenges for China - China's digital yuan offers a strategic advantage in the digital currency space, but balancing financial stability with technological innovation remains a challenge [14] Group 10: Historical Opportunity to Reshape Financial Order - The legislative developments surrounding stablecoins represent a profound transformation of the financial order, redefining currency, issuance rights, and global payment systems [16]

Group 1 - The article highlights the transformative impact of technological innovations on daily life, such as autonomous ride-hailing services and AI-driven photo editing [1] - Shanghai has issued new operational licenses for smart connected vehicles, allowing eight companies to operate autonomous taxis in designated areas [1][4] - The regulatory framework in Shanghai, including the "Regulations on Promoting the Innovative Application of Driverless Intelligent Connected Vehicles," aims to facilitate the rapid development and commercialization of autonomous driving technology [4] Group 2 - The concept of a "regulatory sandbox" is introduced as a method to balance innovation and safety, allowing new technologies to be tested in a controlled environment [6][8] - The regulatory sandbox approach has been applied not only in smart transportation but also in emerging sectors like smart healthcare and financial technology [10] - The article emphasizes that technological advancement and safety are two sides of the same coin, and the regulatory sandbox provides a space for innovation while managing risks [12] Group 3 - The rapid growth of live streaming as a new business model is presented as an example of how legal frameworks guide innovation towards positive outcomes [14] - The article discusses the journey of a hearing-impaired individual who became a successful live streamer, illustrating the shift in the live streaming ecosystem towards authenticity and sincerity [15][21] - Legal measures have been implemented to regulate the live streaming industry, ensuring data security, fair transactions, and user rights [24] Group 4 - The establishment of AI monitoring systems in public safety, such as "AI perception cameras," demonstrates the practical application of technological innovations for community safety [28] - The article outlines the creation of an AI model ecosystem service station in Beijing, which supports small and medium-sized enterprises in the AI sector [36] - The service station aims to facilitate the transition of technological achievements from laboratories to market applications, enhancing the local AI industry [36] Group 5 - The article discusses the importance of data flow in the digital economy, emphasizing that data is a key production factor alongside traditional resources [42] - A regulatory framework has been established to govern cross-border data flow, including laws that delineate clear rules for data management [43] - The introduction of a negative list for data export in Beijing aims to streamline compliance processes for businesses, significantly reducing the time and costs associated with data management [45][47]

Group 1 - BlackRock manages $12.53 trillion in assets, equivalent to China's annual GDP [2] - The company has significant stakes in major Chinese firms such as BYD (7.02%), Kuaishou (5.18%), and Alibaba (2.53%) [3][13] - BlackRock's influence extends to various sectors, including renewable energy, technology, finance, and consumer goods [3][13] Group 2 - Larry Fink, the CEO of BlackRock, has a background in finance and led the company to become the largest asset management firm globally after acquiring Barclays' asset management division in 2009 [4][7] - The company has faced scrutiny related to its ESG policies during Democratic administrations but has also benefited from favorable conditions under Republican leadership [9] - BlackRock's Aladdin system is a powerful risk management platform used by over 170 financial institutions globally, including 37 in China [11][13] Group 3 - BlackRock's investment strategy includes direct participation in China's capital markets, having obtained a full public fund license in 2021 [15] - The company is involved in significant transactions, such as the proposed acquisition of 43 overseas ports from Li Ka-shing for $22.8 billion, which raised national security concerns [17][18] - China is enhancing regulatory measures to manage foreign investments, including a new policy for foreign public funds and scrutiny of major transactions [21][23] Group 4 - BlackRock's expansion continues with new products like tokenized funds and a growing interest in ESG investments, demonstrating its resilience in a fluctuating market [28][30] - The company is seen as a potential threat to national interests due to its extensive data collection and influence over key financial institutions in China [11][13][30] - China's strategy involves a combination of regulatory frameworks, technological advancements, and protection of strategic assets to safeguard its economic sovereignty [26][28]

Group 1 - As of July 2023, the total number of registered local companies in Hong Kong exceeded 1.5 million, and the number of registered non-Hong Kong companies surpassed 15,000, both reaching historical highs [1] - From January to July 2023, the Investment Promotion Agency assisted 1,333 companies in establishing or expanding their businesses in Hong Kong, bringing in HKD 174 billion in first-year direct investment and creating over 19,000 new jobs [1] - The unique dual-platform function of Hong Kong allows it to attract foreign investment while assisting mainland companies in exploring overseas markets [1] Group 2 - The "Introduction of Key Enterprises Office" has attracted 84 key enterprises in cutting-edge technology, expected to bring about HKD 50 billion in investment and create over 20,000 jobs in the coming years [2] - The Hong Kong Investment Corporation has invested in over 100 projects, with more than 10 companies already or preparing to submit applications for listing in Hong Kong [2] - The international application scenarios in Hong Kong are attracting many domestic and foreign enterprises to test and apply their cutting-edge technologies, aiding in the transformation and upgrading of industries [2] Group 3 - The Hong Kong Investment Corporation supports local enterprises collaborating with foreign companies on green energy projects, promoting Hong Kong's electric vehicle charging technology abroad [3] - The fifth batch of key enterprises will soon be announced, bringing the total number of enterprises introduced since the establishment of the office to around 100, including several leading international pharmaceutical companies [3] - The pace of investment attraction in Hong Kong is expected to accelerate despite the changing global trade landscape [3]

Core Viewpoint - Shanghai has introduced a set of policies to enhance the development of commercial health insurance, aiming to meet diverse health protection needs and improve access to innovative medical products [3][4]. Group 1: Policy Measures - The measures include 18 specific initiatives across five areas to invigorate the commercial health insurance market and support the application of innovative drugs and medical devices [3][4]. - Key innovations mentioned include the establishment of a "regulatory sandbox" for pilot programs of innovative health insurance products and the exploration of a "co-insurance" model to support key sectors in Shanghai [4][5]. - The measures emphasize the importance of data sharing and tax incentives to bolster the development of commercial health insurance [4]. Group 2: Focus on Innovative Drugs and Medical Devices - The term "innovative drugs and medical devices" is highlighted 11 times in the measures, indicating its significance in the commercial health insurance landscape [4][5]. - Specific initiatives aim to streamline the clinical application of innovative drugs, ensuring they are included in insurance coverage without affecting basic medical insurance metrics [5][6]. - The measures encourage insurance companies to develop health insurance products that cater to various demographics and cover a broader range of innovative medical products [6]. Group 3: Market Growth and Impact - Data from the Shanghai Financial Regulatory Bureau shows a steady increase in the commercial health insurance market, with premium income rising from 26.5 billion yuan in 2019 to 40.468 billion yuan in 2024 [7]. - In the first half of 2025, health insurance premium income in Shanghai reached 24.403 billion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year growth rate of 5.8%, surpassing the national average [7]. - The introduction of these measures is expected to further stimulate the commercial health insurance market, positioning it as a crucial component of the health protection system and a key player in the multi-payment system for innovative medical products [7].

Core Viewpoint - Shanghai has introduced a series of measures to enhance the development of commercial health insurance, aiming to improve accessibility to innovative medical products and support the biopharmaceutical industry [1][2][3]. Group 1: Policy Measures - The measures include 18 specific initiatives across five areas to stimulate the commercial health insurance market and enhance public health coverage [1][2]. - Key innovations mentioned include the establishment of a "regulatory sandbox" for innovative health insurance products and the exploration of a "co-insurance" model to support key sectors in Shanghai [2][3]. - The measures emphasize the importance of innovative medical products, with "innovative drugs and devices" mentioned 11 times, highlighting their significance in the commercial health insurance market [2][3]. Group 2: Payment Mechanisms - The measures propose innovations in payment mechanisms for innovative medical products, facilitating their entry into hospitals, directories, and prescriptions [3]. - Insurance companies are encouraged to develop health insurance products that cover a wider range of innovative medical products, enhancing accessibility and affordability [3][4]. - The 2023 measures build upon previous initiatives, marking a systematic approach to integrating commercial health insurance with biopharmaceutical innovation [3][4]. Group 3: Market Growth - Shanghai's commercial health insurance market has shown steady growth, with premium income increasing from 26.5 billion yuan in 2019 to 40.468 billion yuan in 2024 [4]. - In the first half of 2025, health insurance premium income reached 24.403 billion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year growth rate of 5.8%, surpassing the national average [4]. - The introduction of these measures is expected to further stimulate the market, positioning commercial health insurance as a crucial component of the public health system and a key player in the multi-payment system for innovative medical products [4].

Core Viewpoint - Shanghai has introduced a set of policies to enhance the development of commercial health insurance, aiming to improve accessibility to innovative medical products and support the biopharmaceutical industry [1][2]. Group 1: Policy Measures - The measures include 18 specific initiatives across five areas to stimulate the commercial health insurance market and enhance public health coverage [1][2]. - Key innovations mentioned include the establishment of a "regulatory sandbox" for innovative health insurance products and the exploration of a "co-insurance" model to support key sectors in Shanghai [2][3]. - The policies emphasize the importance of innovative medical products, with "innovative drugs and devices" mentioned 11 times, highlighting their significance in the commercial health insurance market [2][3]. Group 2: Financial Data and Market Trends - The commercial health insurance market in Shanghai has shown steady growth, with premium income increasing from 26.5 billion yuan in 2019 to 40.468 billion yuan in 2024 [4]. - In the first half of 2025, health insurance premium income reached 24.403 billion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year growth rate of 5.8%, surpassing the national average [4]. - The introduction of these measures is expected to further unlock the potential of the commercial health insurance market, positioning it as a crucial component of the public health insurance system [4].

Core Viewpoint - The document outlines measures to promote the high-quality development of commercial health insurance to support innovation in the biopharmaceutical industry [1] Group 1: Regulatory Measures - The regulatory authorities in Shanghai are enhancing the innovation supervision of commercial health insurance [1] - A "regulatory sandbox" pilot mechanism will be explored for innovative commercial health insurance products, such as insurance for individuals with pre-existing conditions, based on controllable risks and commercial sustainability [1] - There will be strengthened compliance supervision of innovative commercial health insurance businesses to prevent "pseudo-innovation" and "chaotic innovation" aimed at policy arbitrage [1] Group 2: Monitoring and Management - Daily tracking, monitoring, and analytical management of commercial health insurance business will be reinforced [1] - An innovative commercial health insurance project management mechanism will be established [1]