Macro Overview - In July, China's CPI and PPI data showed slight month-on-month improvement, while investment, consumption, exports, and credit data were weaker than expected. The central bank's monetary policy report emphasizes promoting reasonable price recovery as a key consideration, indicating continued expectations for policy easing [1] - The U.S. Federal Reserve maintains high expectations for a rate cut in September, supporting overall market risk appetite [1] Steel and Construction Materials - The market is currently in a clear consumption off-season, with MySteel reporting a decrease in rebar production and demand, leading to an increase in both factory and social inventories for two consecutive weeks [1] - The average daily pig iron output from 247 steel mills was 2.407 million tons, a slight increase of 0.4 thousand tons week-on-week, while the proportion of profitable steel mills has decreased but remains relatively high [1] - As the consumption peak season approaches, production and apparent demand are expected to rise, leading to a decrease in inventories [1] Non-Ferrous Metals - For copper, global total inventory increased slightly by about 0.17 million tons, while domestic social inventory decreased to 125.6 thousand tons, remaining low for the same period. The processing fee for copper concentrate rose to -37.67 USD/ton, indicating a slight easing in supply tightness [2] - The overall judgment indicates marginal improvement in fundamentals, with domestic inventory reduction supporting spot prices, but macro uncertainties remain, leading to price fluctuations in the range of 77,000 to 81,000 RMB/ton [2] Lithium Carbonate - With the suspension of mining by Yichun Times, lithium carbonate prices have strengthened, and there are expectations of long-term production halts for downstream smelting enterprises after depleting their rights and inventory mines [3] - In August, downstream production demand improved significantly, with lithium iron phosphate increasing by 8.8% and ternary batteries by 9.2%, raising concerns about raw material stocking for September [3] - The overall judgment suggests that supply disruptions combined with demand improvements will maintain a strong price trend for lithium [3] Energy and Chemicals - The energy sector showed divergence, with international crude oil prices fluctuating weakly and chemicals experiencing wide fluctuations. The meeting between Trump and Putin did not result in agreements, but eased tensions, with no new sanctions on Russia expected in the short term [4] - U.S. crude oil inventories rose unexpectedly, while gasoline and diesel inventories decreased, indicating a global oil surplus. The IEA report predicts a significant oversupply in the oil market by 2026, leading to a downward trend in oil prices [4] Precious Metals - Precious metals experienced weak fluctuations, primarily due to a decline in safe-haven demand and the expectation of phased trade agreements. U.S. inflation data remains under pressure, with July PPI rising by 0.9%, the largest month-on-month increase in three years [5] - Market expectations for a Fed rate cut in September surged from around 40% to nearly 90%, with projections for three rate cuts within the year [5] - Short-term fluctuations in precious metals are anticipated, with long-term economic recession risks potentially driving a shift towards rate cuts and a restructuring of the global monetary system [5]

Core Insights - The silver price has declined to $38.00, ending a two-day rebound, influenced by a stronger US dollar [1] - July's Producer Price Index (PPI) data shows a significant rise in inflation, with both overall and core PPI figures exceeding expectations [2][4] Market Analysis - Silver is consolidating between resistance at $38.50 and support at $37.50, with momentum shifting to neutral [3] - On Thursday, silver prices fell nearly 1.30%, trading close to $38.00, as the stronger-than-expected PPI and stable initial jobless claims data supported the dollar [3] - The dollar index has rebounded above the psychological level of 98.00 after a two-week low, prompting traders to reassess the Federal Reserve's interest rate outlook [3] Inflation Data - The PPI increased by 0.9% month-on-month in July, marking the largest monthly gain since June 2022, significantly above the expected 0.2% [4] - The year-on-year growth rate of PPI reached 3.3%, surpassing the anticipated 2.5% and accelerating from the previous 2.4% [4] Technical Analysis - On the 4-hour chart, silver is trading between resistance at $38.75 and support at $37.55, with bearish pressure emerging near recent highs [7] - The price has retreated to the convergence of the 50-day moving average at $38.01 and the 100-day moving average at $37.96, which is a critical level [7] - If silver continues to fall below this area, it may expose the lower boundary of the range, while a rebound could maintain the consolidation momentum [7] - The Relative Strength Index (RSI) has dropped to 45, indicating a neutral to slightly bearish state, while the MACD shows signs of flattening after a bullish crossover, suggesting potential waning upward momentum [7]

Group 1 - Silver prices are experiencing a rebound, currently reported at $37.78 per ounce, with a high of $37.95 and a low of $37.47 during the trading session [1] - The market is closely watching the upcoming U.S. July CPI data, with expectations of a modest increase of 0.2% month-on-month, while core CPI may see its largest increase in six months at 0.3% [2][3] - Concerns about the reliability of U.S. economic data are rising due to budget cuts and staff shortages at the Bureau of Labor Statistics, leading to increased reliance on estimated data [2][3] Group 2 - The expected year-on-year increase in July CPI is 2.8%, slightly up from 2.7% in June, driven by rising food prices due to labor shortages and tariffs [3] - Core CPI, excluding food and energy, is projected to rise by 0.3%, the highest since January, influenced by tariffs on sensitive goods like auto parts and clothing [3][4] - The interplay of various factors creates a picture of a moderate yet concerning CPI outlook for July [4] Group 3 - Silver prices need to break through $38.00 to continue their upward trend, with key resistance levels at $38.05 and $38.47 [5] - If silver falls below $37.50, it may test the 50-day moving average at $37.03, with further support at $36.22 [5]

Core Insights - Silver prices have surged over 36% this year, outperforming gold, driven by factors such as the "substitution effect" and industrial demand [1][5][6] - The rising silver prices have led to increased consumer interest in silver jewelry, particularly among younger demographics, despite concerns about affordability [1][2][3] Price Trends - The spot silver price reached over $39 per ounce, marking a nearly 13-year high, with significant increases in silver jewelry prices observed [1][3] - Consumers have reported sharp price increases for silver items, with some experiencing price hikes from 207 yuan to 269 yuan for a silver bracelet within a short period [1][2] Market Demand - Sales of silver jewelry have significantly increased, with some brands reporting sales growth of 2 to 9 times compared to previous weeks [3] - The demand for silver jewelry remains strong due to its relatively lower price compared to gold, attracting many young buyers [3] Company Performance - Several silver mining companies, such as Huayu Mining and Zijin Mining, are expected to report over 50% increases in net profits for the first half of 2025, benefiting from rising silver prices [3][4] Investment Insights - The investment market for silver bars is also gaining traction, with banks offering silver bars at competitive prices, reflecting a bullish outlook on silver [4][5] - Analysts suggest that investors should diversify their portfolios to mitigate risks associated with the rising silver prices, considering various investment tools such as physical silver, ETFs, and mining stocks [5][6]

Core Viewpoint - The upcoming release of the U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI) data is generating significant concern regarding the reliability of economic data due to budget cuts and staffing shortages at the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) [3][4]. Economic Indicators - The market anticipates a modest increase in the July CPI, with a projected month-over-month rise of 0.2% and a core CPI increase of 0.3%, which would be the largest in six months [3]. - The BLS has suspended data collection in certain areas, including Nebraska, Utah, and one city in New York, citing the need to match survey workload with resource levels [3][4]. Data Collection Issues - Approximately 15% of sample data collection has been paused in 72 other regions, affecting the investigation of prices for goods and services, as well as housing rent data [4]. - The BLS is increasingly relying on estimated data to fill gaps, which introduces potential uncertainty into the CPI report [4]. Silver Market Analysis - After five consecutive days of price increases, silver experienced a pullback, with spot prices dropping below $38.00 [5]. - For silver to continue its upward trend, it must break through the $38.00 level and subsequently the 20-day moving average at $38.05, with key resistance levels at $38.47 and $38.50 [5]. - If silver falls below $37.50, it may test the 50-day moving average at $37.03, with further support at the July 31 low of $36.22 [5][6].

格隆汇8月12日丨中国白银集团(00815.HK)公告，谨定于2025年8月26日(星期二)举行董事会会议，以考 虑及通过公司及其附属公司截至2025年6月30日止的6个月中期业绩，及派发中期股息(如有)，以及处理 其他事项。 ...

以色列总理内塔尼亚胡周日（8月10日）公开表示，一场针对加沙的新一轮军事攻势即将在短时间内展开。这一声明不 仅让巴以冲突的紧张局势进一步升级，也引发了国际社会对人道主义危机的深切担忧。在加沙城遭受空袭、平民伤亡不 断增加的背景下，这场攻势的潜在后果令人忧心忡忡。 今日周一(8月11日)亚盘时段，国际白银目前交投于38.02一线上方，今日开盘于38.34美元/盎司，截至发稿，国际白银暂 报38.08美元/盎司，下跌0.64%，最高触及38.36美元/盎司，最低下探37.91美元/盎司，目前来看，国际白银盘内短线偏向 看跌走势。 【最新国际白银行情解析】 【要闻速递】 以色列总理内塔尼亚胡在周日发表讲话时明确表示，他预计将"相当迅速地"完成对加沙的新一轮军事行动。这一表态是 在其安全内阁于上周五批准了一项备受争议的控制加沙城计划后做出的。内塔尼亚胡强调，他别无选择，只能通过军事 手段击败哈马斯，以确保解救被哈马斯劫持的以色列人质。他在讲话中提到，此次行动的目标是摧毁哈马斯在加沙的最 后两个据点，并称这是以色列的唯一出路。然而，这一计划遭到国内外多方的批评，认为其可能导致更大规模的平民伤 亡和人道主义灾难。 内塔尼 ...

Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating No industry investment rating information is provided in the report. 2. Core Views - The de - dollarization logic remains unchanged, suggesting going long on gold; the long - term trend of industrial silver is downward, suggesting short - selling silver on rallies [1]. - For base metals, copper is expected to be volatile and slightly stronger in the short term; electrolytic aluminum is expected to be volatile and weaker, suggesting waiting and seeing; alumina is expected to have a wide - range shock in the short term, and long positions in far - month contracts can be considered; industrial silicon is expected to have a wide - range shock, suggesting waiting and seeing; lithium carbonate prices are expected to rise in the short term, and the subsequent price drivers need to focus on the resumption time; polysilicon is expected to fluctuate between 45,000 - 53,000 yuan, and tin is expected to be in an interval shock [1][2][3]. - For the black industry, steel is expected to be in a balanced supply - demand situation with obvious structural differentiation, and the market is expected to be in a shock; iron ore is expected to have a slightly stronger supply - demand situation, and the market is expected to be in a shock; coking coal has a relatively loose supply - demand situation, and short - selling the 2509 contract can be tried [5]. - For agricultural products, soybean meal is expected to follow the international cost - end in the medium term; corn futures prices are expected to be volatile and weaker; sugar futures can be short - sold, and call options can be sold; cotton can wait and see with a shock strategy; logs can wait and see; palm oil is expected to be in a shock in the short term and more long - allocated in the medium term; eggs are expected to be volatile and weaker; pork is expected to be in a shock adjustment [6][7][8]. - For energy and chemicals, LLDPE is expected to be volatile and weaker in the short term, and short positions in far - month contracts can be considered in the long - term; PVC can wait and see; PX can wait and see, and PTA can look for short - term positive spread opportunities and short - sell processing fees or short far - month contracts in the long - term; rubber is expected to be volatile and stronger in the short term; glass can wait and see; PP is expected to be volatile and weaker in the short term, and short positions in far - month contracts can be considered in the long - term; MEG can wait and see; crude oil can look for short - selling opportunities at around 520 yuan/barrel; styrene is expected to be volatile and weaker in the short term, and short positions in far - month contracts can be considered in the long - term; soda ash can wait and see [9][10][11]. 3. Summary by Directory Precious Metals - **Market Performance**: On Friday, precious metals fluctuated. International gold prices rose 0.08% to $3398 per ounce, and international silver prices rose 0.09% to $38.325 per ounce [1]. - **Fundamentals**: The White House may not increase taxes on 100 - ounce gold bars; a Fed official supports three interest rate cuts this year; the central bank increased gold holdings for 8 consecutive months; domestic gold ETF funds flowed back, and gold and silver inventories in different regions changed [1]. - **Trading Strategy**: Go long on gold; short - sell silver on rallies [1]. Base Metals - **Copper** - **Market Performance**: On Friday, copper prices fluctuated and were slightly stronger [2]. - **Fundamentals**: The US dollar index is expected to weaken; the supply of copper ore is still tight, and the scrap copper is in short supply; the global visible inventory increased by 27,000 tons, and the domestic consumption is in the off - season [2]. - **Trading Strategy**: It is expected to be volatile and slightly stronger in the short term [2]. - **Electrolytic Aluminum** - **Market Performance**: On Friday, the 2509 contract of electrolytic aluminum closed at 20,685 yuan/ton, down 0.31% [2]. - **Fundamentals**: The smelters maintain high - load production, and the operating capacity increases slightly; the consumption has no obvious improvement, and the weekly aluminum product operating rate is stable [2]. - **Trading Strategy**: It is expected to be volatile and weaker, suggesting waiting and seeing [2]. - **Alumina** - **Market Performance**: On Friday, the 2509 contract of alumina closed at 3170 yuan/ton, down 2.19% [2]. - **Fundamentals**: The operating capacity of alumina is stable; electrolytic aluminum smelters maintain high - load production [2]. - **Trading Strategy**: It is expected to have a wide - range shock in the short term, focusing on the support at 3100 yuan; long positions in far - month contracts can be considered [3]. - **Industrial Silicon** - **Market Performance**: On Friday, the main 11 - contract closed at 8710 yuan/ton, up 55 yuan/ton, with an increase in positions and a decrease in warehouse receipts [3]. - **Fundamentals**: The price followed the rise of coking coal last week; a "counter - involution" initiative boosted market sentiment; the spot price declined slightly; the supply increased, and the demand of different downstream industries changed [3]. - **Trading Strategy**: It is expected to have a wide - range shock, suggesting waiting and seeing [3]. - **Lithium Carbonate** - **Market Performance**: On Friday, the main LC2511 contract closed at 76,960 yuan/ton, up 7.73% [3]. - **Fundamentals**: A mining area of CATL stopped production; the supply - side production capacity recovered, and the demand in August was in the peak season; the inventory increased due to supply recovery [3]. - **Trading Strategy**: The price is expected to rise to 85,000 yuan/ton in the short term, and the subsequent price drivers need to focus on the resumption time [3]. - **Polysilicon** - **Market Performance**: On Friday, the main 11 - contract closed at 50,790 yuan/ton, up 680 yuan/ton, with an increase in positions and an increase in warehouse receipts [3]. - **Fundamentals**: The supply increased slightly, and the demand in August was in line with expectations; the photovoltaic installation demand in the third quarter was pessimistic; new brands were added for futures registration [3]. - **Trading Strategy**: The price is expected to fluctuate between 45,000 - 53,000 yuan [3]. - **Tin** - **Market Performance**: On Friday, tin prices fluctuated and were weaker [3]. - **Fundamentals**: The supply of tin ore is still tight, and the demand is weak; the inventory decreased by 330 tons [3]. - **Trading Strategy**: It is expected to be in an interval shock in the short term [3]. Black Industry - **Rebar** - **Market Performance**: The main 2510 contract of rebar closed at 3207 yuan/ton, down 8 yuan/ton [5]. - **Fundamentals**: The supply - demand of building materials is neutral, and the inventory pressure is small; the demand for plates is stable; the futures discount of rebar widened, and the market sentiment cooled [5]. - **Trading Strategy**: Hold short positions in the 2510 contract, with a reference range of 3160 - 3240 yuan [5]. - **Iron Ore** - **Market Performance**: The main 2509 contract of iron ore closed at 793 yuan/ton, up 2.5 yuan/ton [5]. - **Fundamentals**: The supply - demand is slightly stronger; the iron - water production decreased slightly, and the steel mill profit margin expanded; the supply is in line with the seasonal law, and the inventory accumulation may be slower than the seasonal law [5]. - **Trading Strategy**: Wait and see, with a reference range of 770 - 810 yuan [5]. - **Coking Coal** - **Market Performance**: The main 2601 contract of coking coal closed at 1213.5 yuan/ton, down 9 yuan/ton [5]. - **Fundamentals**: The iron - water production decreased, and the steel mill profit margin narrowed; the fifth round of coke price increase was implemented; the inventory in different links was differentiated, and the overall supply - demand is relatively loose [5]. - **Trading Strategy**: Wait and see, and try to short - sell the 2509 contract, with a reference range of 1160 - 1230 yuan [5]. Agricultural Products - **Soybean Meal** - **Market Performance**: CBOT soybeans fell last Friday [6]. - **Fundamentals**: The supply is loose in the near - term and expected to be large in the long - term; the demand is dominated by South America, and the export demand of US soybeans is weak [6]. - **Trading Strategy**: Follow the international cost - end in the medium term, and focus on the weather in production areas and tariff policies [6]. - **Corn** - **Market Performance**: The 2509 contract of corn was weaker, and the spot price fell [6]. - **Fundamentals**: Wheat substitutes for corn in feed demand, and the import of grains increased; the new - crop corn cost decreased, and the spot price is expected to be weaker [6]. - **Trading Strategy**: The futures price is expected to be volatile and weaker [6]. - **Sugar** - **Market Performance**: ICE raw sugar rose 0.43% last week, and Zhengzhou sugar fell 0.84% [7]. - **Fundamentals**: The production in Brazil increased, and the domestic processing sugar put pressure on the spot price; Zhengzhou sugar is expected to be weak and volatile [7]. - **Trading Strategy**: Short - sell in the futures market and sell call options [7]. - **Cotton** - **Market Performance**: US cotton futures rebounded last Friday, and international crude oil prices continued to fall [7]. - **Fundamentals**: The US cotton export contract reached 108.20% of the annual expected export volume; the domestic cotton futures rebounded, and the textile and clothing export decreased [7]. - **Trading Strategy**: Wait and see, with a shock strategy in the range of 13,600 - 14,000 yuan/ton [7]. - **Logs** - **Market Performance**: The 09 contract of logs closed at 830.5 yuan/cubic meter, up 1.10% [7]. - **Fundamentals**: The spot price of logs rose, and the market has expectations for the future; it is mainly based on the delivery logic in the short term, fluctuating around 800 yuan/cubic meter [7]. - **Trading Strategy**: Wait and see [7]. - **Palm Oil** - **Market Performance**: Malaysian palm oil rose slightly last Friday [7]. - **Fundamentals**: The production in Malaysia increased seasonally, and the export decreased; it is expected to accumulate inventory [7]. - **Trading Strategy**: It is expected to be in a shock in the short term and more long - allocated in the medium term, focusing on the production in production areas and biodiesel policies [7]. - **Eggs** - **Market Performance**: The 2509 contract of eggs continued to rebound, and the spot price rose slightly over the weekend [7]. - **Fundamentals**: The egg - laying rate of hens decreased seasonally, and the demand of downstream food factories increased seasonally; the supply is sufficient, and the cost decreased [7]. - **Trading Strategy**: The futures price is expected to be volatile and weaker [7]. - **Pork** - **Market Performance**: The 2509 contract of pork was stronger, and the spot price rebounded over the weekend [8]. - **Fundamentals**: The consumption decreased seasonally, and the supply increased in August; the supply will continue to increase in the medium term [8]. - **Trading Strategy**: The futures price is expected to be in a shock adjustment [8]. Energy and Chemicals - **LLDPE** - **Market Performance**: The main contract of LLDPE continued to fluctuate slightly on Friday; the domestic and overseas market prices and the basis situation are as described [9]. - **Fundamentals**: The domestic supply increased, and the import is expected to decrease; the demand for agricultural films increased, and other demands were stable [9]. - **Trading Strategy**: It is expected to be volatile and weaker in the short term, and short positions in far - month contracts can be considered in the long - term [9]. - **PVC** - **Market Performance**: The V09 contract closed at 4998, down 0.1% [9]. - **Fundamentals**: The supply is expected to increase, and the demand is weak; the inventory accumulated [9]. - **Trading Strategy**: The price has limited room to fall, suggesting waiting and seeing [9]. - **PTA** - **Market Performance**: The PX price was 831 dollars/ton, and the PTA spot price was 4670 yuan/ton [9]. - **Fundamentals**: The supply of PX increased, and the supply of PTA decreased; the polyester load was stable, and the inventory pressure was relieved [9]. - **Trading Strategy**: Wait and see for PX; look for short - term positive spread opportunities for PTA and short - sell processing fees or short far - month contracts in the long - term [9]. - **Rubber** - **Market Performance**: The price of rubber fluctuated and was stronger last week, with the RU2601 contract up 2.57% [9]. - **Fundamentals**: The raw material prices in Thailand were stable, and the downstream tire production and inventory situation changed [9][10]. - **Trading Strategy**: It is expected to be volatile and stronger in the short term [10]. - **Glass** - **Market Performance**: The FG09 contract closed at 1065, up 0.3% [10]. - **Fundamentals**: The production and sales of glass decreased, and the inventory accumulated; the downstream demand was general [10]. - **Trading Strategy**: The price has limited room to fall, suggesting waiting and seeing [10]. - **PP** - **Market Performance**: The main contract of PP continued to fluctuate slightly on Friday; the domestic and overseas market prices and the basis situation are as described [10]. - **Fundamentals**: The supply increased, and the demand in different downstream industries was differentiated [10]. - **Trading Strategy**: It is expected to be volatile and weaker in the short term, and short positions in far - month contracts can be considered in the long - term [10]. - **MEG** - **Market Performance**: The spot price of MEG in East China was 4465 yuan/ton, and the basis was 75 yuan/ton [10]. - **Fundamentals**: The supply is at a high level, and the import is expected to be low; the polyester load is stable, and the inventory pressure is relieved [10]. - **Trading Strategy**: Wait and see [10]. - **Crude Oil** - **Market Performance**: Oil prices fell continuously last week due to economic concerns and geopolitical factors [10]. - **Fundamentals**: The supply is expected to increase, and the demand in the US is stable; the refining profit is at a high level [10]. - **Trading Strategy**: Look for short - selling opportunities at around 520 yuan/barrel [10]. - **Styrene** - **Market Performance**: The main contract of styrene fluctuated slightly on Friday; the domestic and overseas market prices and the basis situation are as described [11]. - **Fundamentals**: The inventory of pure benzene and styrene is expected to increase slightly; the downstream demand is under pressure, and the export demand is a focus [11]. - **Trading Strategy**: It is expected to be volatile and weaker in the short term, and short positions in far - month contracts can be considered in the long - term [11]. - **Soda Ash** - **Market Performance**: The sa09 contract closed at 1242, down 0.4% [11]. - **Fundamentals**: The supply - demand of soda ash is in a weak balance, and the inventory is high; the downstream photovoltaic glass is expected to reduce production [11]. - **Trading Strategy**: Wait and see [11].

美国海关与边境保护局（CBP）7月31日裁定将1公斤及100盎司金条纳入应税编码，相关关税已于当地 时间8月7日正式生效。此举将重创全球最大黄金精炼中心瑞士，此前美国已对瑞士商品加征39%关税， 按新规测算或将产生约240亿美元的额外关税成本。由于1公斤金条系COMEX核心交割品种，该政策将 直接推高实物交割成本并冲击期货市场流动性。 特朗普提名白宫经济顾问委员会主席斯蒂芬米兰出任美联储理事至2026年1月31日，同时美联储理事沃 勒正逐渐成为美联储主席的热门人选，叠加博斯蒂克释放鸽派信号，多重人事变动与政策倾向调整推动 市场宽松预期升温，为贵金属价格提供货币层面的支撑。 摘要周五（8月8日），周四，随着特朗普提名临时美联储理事推升了市场的降息预期，美元指数盘中跳 水，最终收跌0.13%，报98.041。受特朗普关税生效引发避险情绪以及美元走软的提振，现货黄金升至 两周新高，一度站上3400美元大关，最终收涨0.8%，收报3396.31美元/盎司；现货白银最终收涨 0.15%，报38.26美元/盎司。 【行情回顾】 周五（8月8日），周四，随着特朗普提名临时美联储理事推升了市场的降息预期，美元指数盘中跳水， ...

Group 1 - Current spot silver trading is above $38.02, with an opening price of $37.82 and a current price of $38.06, reflecting a 0.58% increase [1] - The highest price reached today is $38.09, while the lowest is $37.81, indicating a bullish short-term trend for spot silver [1][4] - Spot silver has broken above the 10-day moving average, with a strong short-term outlook, and potential upward movement if it surpasses $38 [4] Group 2 - Trump signed an executive order imposing an additional 25% tariff on Indian imports due to continued purchases of Russian oil, raising some tariffs to 50% [3] - The U.S. Treasury Secretary warned China about potential significant tariffs if it continues to buy sanctioned Russian oil, highlighting selective enforcement of sanctions [3] - Ongoing negotiations between the U.S. and China aim to extend a 90-day tariff truce, with potential for tariffs to rise significantly if talks fail, increasing global trade tensions [3]