当"用身份换百万"的诱惑摆在面前，有人甘愿吞下"职业背债"的诱饵。近日，北京商报记者调查发现，虽然监管部门多次警示风险、警方持续打 击整治，但这条"职业背债人"灰色产业链却依旧在暗处猖獗滋生、蔓延不止。 在中介"资金周转""征信修复"的伪装下，农村户口、无子女、患重病者等社会关系薄弱的群体被重点标注，成为这场骗局首选的"猎物"。中介通 过伪造收入证明、房产材料等虚假资质包装客户，再从银行套取贷款，随后按比例分成，"职业背债人"可拿到30%—50%的金额。 然而，这看似诱人的盈利背后，是沦为"老赖"的沉重代价，"职业背债人"不仅无法乘坐高铁、飞机，可能丧失社会福利，征信还会留下永久污 点，最终只会让参与者在债务与失信的双重枷锁下，于大数据时代寸步难行。 凝视深渊过久，深渊将回以凝视。 一场瞄准弱者的信用豪赌 凌晨一点，中介阳阳（化名）的手机在黑暗中接连亮起，屏幕上跳动着客户的追问："哥，那300万真能到手？"他熟练地回复"放心"，指尖划过微 信界面，七八个闪烁的头像仍在等待，这些都是咨询"背债业务"的客户，用信用和身份换取快钱。 这并非虚构剧情，而是当下"职业背债人"群体的真实日常。在阳阳的口中，"资金周转"" ...

Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating There is no information provided about the industry investment rating in the given content. 2. Core View of the Report The central bank first withdrew and then injected funds, leading to a situation where the funds were initially tight and then loosened. It is expected that the central bank will continue to support the market. [1] 3. Summary by Relevant Catalog I. Funds - **Fund prices and bill rates**: The R001 closed at 1.55% (previous value: 1.49%), DR001 at 1.52% (previous value: 1.46%), R007 at 1.69% (previous value: 1.51%), and DR007 at 1.65% (previous value: 1.51%). The 6M national stock bank draft transfer and discount rate closed at 0.72% (previous value: 0.81%). [1] - **Central bank's open - market operations**: The central bank had a net injection of 1095 billion yuan this week. It continuously withdrew funds in the first four days, with a cumulative net withdrawal of 6923 billion yuan, and then made a large - scale net injection of 8018 billion yuan on Friday. [1] - **Bond yields**: The 10 - year treasury bond yield increased by 7.24bp in the first four days and 6.72bp for the whole week to 1.73%; the 30 - year treasury bond yield increased by 9.05bp in the first four days and 8.40bp for the whole week to 1.97%. [1][2] II. Inter - bank Certificates of Deposit - **Maturity yields**: The 3M, 6M, and 1Y maturity yields of certificates of deposit increased by 4.69bp, 6.16bp, and 5.75bp respectively. The 1Y - 3M term spread widened. [2] - **Net financing and issuance**: The net financing of certificates of deposit was - 5598 billion yuan this week (previous value: 1444 billion yuan). The issuance interest rates of 1 - year certificates of deposit for state - owned banks, joint - stock banks, city commercial banks, and rural commercial banks increased. The weighted average issuance term shortened to 7.3M (previous value: 8.3M). [2] III. Institutional Behavior - **Government bond issuance and payment**: This week, the net issuance of government bonds was 3031 billion yuan, and the net payment was 3472 billion yuan. Next week, the expected net issuance is 4030 billion yuan, and the net payment is 2947 billion yuan. [3] - **Repurchase trading volume and leverage ratio**: The pledged repurchase trading volume first rose to 8.0 trillion and then fell to 7.1 trillion, with an average daily volume of 7.70 trillion yuan (previous value: 7.24 trillion yuan). The inter - bank market leverage ratio first rose to 109.10% and then fell to 108.39%, with an average daily ratio of 108.85% (previous value: 108.65%). [3]

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - Not mentioned in the provided content Group 2: Report's Core View - This week, most credit spreads in different industries widened, with only a few narrowing. The credit spreads of urban investment bonds widened overall, with the short - end widening more than the long - end. For industrial bonds, the credit spreads of AA+ and above industrial bonds widened to varying degrees, and the short - end of AA industrial bonds also widened. The credit spreads of bank secondary and perpetual bonds widened overall. After a significant adjustment in credit bond yields, the cost - effectiveness of credit bonds has increased from a static coupon perspective. With the rapid decline in black - series futures prices on Friday night, the bond market sentiment may improve, and the space for further adjustment of credit bonds is relatively limited. It is recommended to focus on long - duration urban investment bonds, capital bonds, and insurance sub - debt, especially the long - duration capital bonds of Minsheng, Bohai, and Hengfeng banks, and be optimistic about urban investment dim sum bonds and US dollar bonds [4][43] - Since July 2024, the long - end risk - free interest rate has been in a downward channel, and the yield of ultra - long - term credit bonds has followed suit. Although the proportion of low - valuation transactions and TKN transactions has been rising this year, it has not exceeded last year's high, indicating that the buying sentiment may not have reached its end. With the concentrated listing of science - innovation bond ETFs on July 17, the spreads of medium - and short - term component bonds have been compressed to an extreme level. In the context of the "asset shortage" in the low - interest - rate environment this year, the market may further evolve towards long - duration assets. Investors can still find relatively suitable ultra - long - term credit bond targets in the market [5][49] Group 3: Summary According to the Directory 1. Primary Market 1.1 Net Financing Scale - This week, the net financing of credit bonds (excluding asset - backed securities) was 390.6 billion yuan, an increase of 220.3 billion yuan compared with last week. The total issuance was 631.6 billion yuan, an increase of 233.9 billion yuan, and the total repayment was 241 billion yuan, an increase of 13.6 billion yuan. The net financing of asset - backed securities was 3.09 billion yuan, an increase of 0.91 billion yuan [10] - By product type, the net financing of urban investment bonds was 3.31 billion yuan, an increase of 0.28 billion yuan; that of industrial bonds was 11.06 billion yuan, an increase of 5 billion yuan; and that of financial bonds was 24.69 billion yuan, an increase of 16.74 billion yuan [10] - In terms of the number of issuances and redemptions, the number of urban investment bond issuances increased by 10, and the number of redemptions increased by 33. The number of industrial bond issuances increased by 16, and the number of redemptions decreased by 7. The number of financial bond issuances increased by 7, and the number of redemptions decreased by 3 [12] 1.2 Issuance Cost - The weighted average issuance rates of AA - rated industrial bonds and AA+ - rated financial bonds increased significantly compared with last week, while the issuance rates of other bond types and ratings fluctuated slightly. The issuance rate of AA - rated industrial bonds increased by 51BP, mainly due to bonds such as "25 Nonggu 03" and "25 Tiandiyuan MTN001". The issuance rate of AA+ - rated financial bonds increased by 41BP, mainly due to "25 Donghai 03". The fluctuations of other bonds did not exceed 10BP [18] 2. Secondary Market 2.1 Transaction Situation - In terms of trading volume, the trading volume of credit bonds (excluding asset - backed securities) increased by 178 billion yuan compared with last week. The trading volume of urban investment bonds was 227.2 billion yuan, an increase of 23.5 billion yuan; that of industrial bonds was 361.2 billion yuan, an increase of 3.3 billion yuan; and that of financial bonds was 611.6 billion yuan, an increase of 151.2 billion yuan. The trading volume of asset - backed securities was 1.45 billion yuan, a decrease of 0.22 billion yuan [19] - In terms of turnover rate, the turnover rate of traditional credit bonds increased overall, while that of asset - backed securities decreased. The turnover rate of urban investment bonds was 1.48%, an increase of 0.15 pct; that of industrial bonds was 2.06%, an increase of 0.01 pct; that of financial bonds was 4.12%, an increase of 0.96 pct. The turnover rate of asset - backed securities was 0.42%, a decrease of 0.06 pct [20] 2.2 Yield - The yields of credit bonds with different maturities and ratings increased significantly this week, with an increase range of 7 - 17BP. For example, the yields of AA, AAA -, and AAA+ credit bonds with a maturity of less than 1 year increased by 7BP, 8BP, and 8BP respectively; those with a maturity of 3 - 5 years increased by 10BP, 11BP, and 11BP respectively; and those with a maturity of more than 10 years increased by 17BP, 10BP, and 9BP respectively [24] - Taking AA+ - rated 5 - year bonds of each type as an example, the yields of non - publicly issued industrial bonds and perpetual industrial bonds increased by 11BP and 10BP respectively; the yield of AA+ - rated 5 - year urban investment bonds increased by 10BP; the yields of commercial bank ordinary bonds and secondary capital bonds increased by 7BP and 17BP respectively; and the yield of AA+ - rated 5 - year asset - backed securities increased by 11BP [25] 2.3 Credit Spread - Overall, most credit spreads in different industries widened this week, with only a few narrowing. The credit spreads of AA+ - rated electronics and building materials narrowed by 17BP and 8BP respectively, the credit spread of AA+ - rated light industry manufacturing narrowed by less than 1BP, and the credit spread of AAA - rated leisure services narrowed by 1BP. The credit spreads of other industries and ratings mostly widened, with an increase range of 0 - 7BP [27] 2.3.1 Urban Investment Bonds - By maturity, the credit spreads of urban investment bonds widened overall, with the short - end widening more than the long - end. The 0.5 - 1Y credit spread was 36BP, a widening of 5BP; the 1 - 3Y credit spread was 40BP, a widening of 4BP; the 3 - 5Y credit spread was 58BP, a widening of 1BP; the 5 - 10Y credit spread was 49BP, a widening of less than 1BP; and the credit spread of more than 10Y remained unchanged [32] - By region, most urban investment credit spreads widened, with only a few regions showing a slight compression. For example, the AA - rated credit spreads in Henan and Guizhou compressed by 6BP and 3BP respectively, while the AA - rated credit spread in Yunnan and the AA+ - rated credit spread in Guizhou widened by 12BP and 13BP respectively. The credit spreads in other regions mostly widened by no more than 5BP [33] 2.3.2 Industrial Bonds - The credit spreads of AA+ and above industrial bonds widened to varying degrees this week, and the short - end of AA industrial bonds also widened. For example, the credit spreads of 1Y AAA -, AA+, and AA private - placement industrial bonds widened by 5BP, 5BP, and 3BP respectively, and those of 10Y AAA -, AA+, and AA private - placement industrial bonds compressed by 5BP, 3BP, and less than 1BP respectively. The credit spreads of 1Y AAA -, AA+, and AA perpetual industrial bonds widened by 4BP, 4BP, and 7BP respectively, and those of 10Y widened by 5BP, 3BP, and 1BP respectively [36] 2.3.3 Bank Capital Bonds - The credit spreads of bank secondary and perpetual bonds widened overall this week, with the widening range of different maturities and ratings being 3 - 9BP. The credit spreads of 10Y AAA -, 10Y and 5Y AA+ and 10Y and 5Y AA secondary capital bonds widened by more than 8BP, and the credit spreads of 10Y AAA -, AA+, and AA bank perpetual bonds also widened by more than 8BP. The widening range of other bonds did not exceed 6BP [38] 3. This Week's Bond Market Negative News - Shenzhen Longfor Holdings Co., Ltd. extended the maturity of 5 bond issues; Shanghai Lujiazui Finance & Trade Zone Development Co., Ltd. had the implied ratings of 12 bond issues downgraded; Inner Mongolia Oujing Technology Co., Ltd. was placed on the watchlist, and its "Oujing Convertible Bond" was also placed on the watchlist; Midea Real Estate Group Co., Ltd. had the implied ratings of 20 bond issues downgraded; and Agile Group Co., Ltd. extended the maturity of 3 bond issues [2][40] 4. Investment Recommendations - Pay attention to long - duration urban investment bonds, capital bonds, and insurance sub - debt, especially the long - duration capital bonds of Minsheng, Bohai, and Hengfeng banks, and be optimistic about urban investment dim sum bonds and US dollar bonds [43] - Focus on the allocation and trading opportunities of ultra - long - term credit bonds. For industrial bonds, State Grid has the largest scale of ultra - long - term credit bonds and good trading atmosphere, but the yield level is relatively low. Chengtong Holdings, Sinochem Group, Guangzhou Yuexiu, and Sichuan Energy Development are more cost - effective. For urban investment bonds, although the static coupon levels are generally better than industrial bonds, the range of available bonds is relatively narrow. Pay attention to the opportunities for further compression of the spreads of Shenzhen Metro, Shaanxi Communications Control, Yantai Guofeng, and Yizhuang Investment Development. The cost - effectiveness of the ultra - long - term bank secondary capital bonds of several large state - owned and joint - stock banks is limited [6][50]

流动性收紧背后，央行态度变了吗？ —— 流动性与机构行为周度跟踪 250727 [[Table_R Table_Report eportTTime ime]] 2025 年 7 月 27 日 请阅读最后一页免责声明及信息披露 http://www.cindasc.com 1 歌声ue 证券研究报告 债券研究 [Table_ReportType] 专题报告 | ] [Table_A 李一爽 uthor固定收益首席分析师 | | --- | | 执业编号：S1500520050002 | | 联系电话：+86 18817583889 | | 邮 箱： liyishuang@cindasc.com | 3流动性收紧背后，央行态度变了吗？ [Table_ReportDate] 2025 年 7 月 27 日 请阅读最后一页免责声明及信息披露 http://www.cindasc.com 2 信达证券股份有限公司 CINDA SECURITIES CO.,LTD 北京市西城区宣武门西大街甲 127 号金隅 大厦B 座 邮编：100031 [➢Table_Summary] 货币市场：本周央行 OMO 净回笼 705 亿元 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core View of the Report Under the resonance of multiple negative factors such as the rise in risk preference, the sharp rise in the equity and commodity markets, and the central bank's net withdrawal in the open - market operations disturbing the capital price, the bond market fluctuated violently this week. The selling behavior of funds is particularly worthy of attention. The scale of funds' net selling on Thursday and Friday was second only to the redemption tides in late August and early October last year. The performance of bond funds was poor, with over 40% of pure interest - rate bond funds recording negative returns in the past three months. Continued attention should be paid to changes in market risk preference and fund redemption situations [10]. 3. Summary According to Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Overall Sentiment - The bond market vitality index increased, mainly due to the rise in the turnover rate of ultra - long bonds. As of July 25, the bond market vitality index rose 6 pcts to 37% compared with July 18, and the 5D - MA rose 5 pcts to 45% [11]. - Indicators of rising bond market vitality included the trading volume of the active 10Y CDB bond / the balance of 9 - 10Y CDB bonds (the rolling two - year quantile rose from 42% to 72%), the 30Y treasury bond turnover rate (the rolling two - year quantile rose from 16% to 71%), and the median duration of medium - and long - term pure bond funds (the rolling two - year quantile rose from 99.3% to 99.7%) [13]. - Indicators of falling bond market vitality included the excess level of the inter - bank bond market leverage ratio compared with the average of the past 4 years (the rolling two - year quantile dropped from 20% to 5%) and the implied tax rate of 1 - 10Y CDB bonds (the rolling two - year quantile dropped from 57% to 21%) [14]. 3.2 Institutional Behavior 3.2.1 Buying and Selling Strength and Bond Selection - In terms of overall buying and selling strength, the order of net buying strength in the cash bond market this week was large banks > insurance > wealth management > other products > money market funds > overseas institutions and others, and the order of net selling strength was funds > securities firms > joint - stock banks > city commercial banks. For ultra - long bonds, the order of net buying strength was insurance > rural commercial banks > city commercial banks > wealth management, and the order of net selling strength was funds > securities firms > large banks > joint - stock banks > other products [22]. - Different institutions had different main bond types. Large banks focused on 1 - 3Y interest - rate bonds and credit bonds; rural commercial banks focused on 5 - 10Y interest - rate bonds and 1 - 3Y other bonds; insurance focused on interest - rate bonds over 10Y and 7 - 10Y credit bonds; funds focused on interest - rate bonds within 1Y; wealth management focused on certificates of deposit and interest - rate bonds within 3Y; other products focused on certificates of deposit [26]. 3.2.2 Trading Portfolio - As of July 25, the median duration of the full - sample medium - and long - term pure bond funds increased by 0.21 years to 4.38 years compared with July 18. Among them, the median durations of pure interest - rate bond funds and interest - rate bond funds decreased by 0.22 years and 0.04 years respectively, while that of credit bond funds increased by 0.19 years. The median durations of high - performing interest - rate bond funds and credit bond funds changed more significantly, decreasing by 0.48 years and increasing by 0.32 years respectively [35]. 3.2.3 Allocation Portfolio - **Primary market**: The primary subscription demand for treasury bonds and policy - bank bonds decreased overall this week. The weighted average full - market multiples of treasury bonds and policy - bank bonds decreased from 3.25 times to 2.94 times and from 3.36 times to 3.16 times respectively [53]. - **Large banks**: As of July 25, the cumulative net purchase of 1 - 3Y treasury bonds this year reached 4032 billion yuan, higher than the same period last year [59]. - **Rural commercial banks**: This year, the cumulative net purchase of cash bonds was significantly weaker than in previous years, mainly due to the weak net purchase of short - term bonds within 1Y. However, the net purchase of 7 - 10Y and over 10Y cash bonds was higher than the same period in previous years [70]. - **Insurance**: This year, the net purchase of cash bonds and its ratio to premium income were significantly higher than in previous years, mainly due to the sufficient supply of ultra - long - term government bonds. As of July 25, the ratio of the cumulative net purchase of cash bonds to the cumulative issuance of government bonds over 10Y was 27.34%, lower than 35.14% at the end of July last year [81]. - **Wealth management**: From June to July, the cumulative net purchase of cash bonds continued to rise, especially for bonds over 10Y. This week, the duration of net - bought cash bonds in the secondary market increased to the highest level since February 23, 2024 [90]. 3.3 Asset Management Product Tracking - Since July, the increase in the scale of wealth management products was weaker than seasonal. The scale increased by 27.96 billion yuan, far lower than the same period from 2021 - 2024. The wealth management product break - even rate decreased [94]. - Since July, the scale of bond funds increased by 13.41 billion yuan, with a significant slowdown in growth rate, while the scale of equity funds increased by 20.99 billion yuan. This week, the net value of various types of bond funds fell sharply, and over 40% of pure interest - rate bond funds recorded negative returns in the past three months [101].

Core Viewpoint - Silver has emerged as a popular investment option in the precious metals market this year, driven by rising prices and increased participation from individual investors [1][2][9]. Market Dynamics - The price of silver has surged significantly, with the London silver spot price reaching a 14-year high of $39 per ounce on July 23-24, 2023, and a year-to-date increase of 31% in COMEX silver futures, outperforming gold by 5 percentage points [6][9]. - The rise in silver prices is attributed to global risk aversion, geopolitical tensions, and expectations of a shift in U.S. monetary policy, which have created a favorable macroeconomic environment for silver [6][7]. Investor Behavior - There has been a notable increase in the sales of silver bars and bullion, with individual investors showing heightened interest in silver investments, as evidenced by a single investor purchasing 210 kilograms of silver for over 1.8 million yuan [3][10][12]. - Financial institutions are responding to this trend by offering various silver products, including silver jewelry and investment silver ingots, to attract retail investors [4][15][19]. Institutional Perspectives - Analysts are divided on the future trajectory of silver prices. Some believe there is still upward potential due to strong industrial demand and a favorable gold-silver ratio, while others caution that economic growth concerns may limit long-term price increases [22][24]. - Current forecasts suggest that silver prices could rise to between $42 and $44.5 per ounce in the medium to long term, although short-term fluctuations around the $40 mark are expected [25][26].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the current economic turmoil in the U.S., highlighting the rising inflation, internal divisions within the Federal Reserve, and political pressures from President Trump regarding interest rate cuts, all of which contribute to a precarious economic outlook. Group 1: Inflation and Economic Impact - The 30-year U.S. Treasury yield has surpassed 5%, marking the onset of a "long-term high interest rate era" [1] - The core CPI rose by 2.9% year-on-year, significantly exceeding the Federal Reserve's 2% target, with tariffs causing price increases across various consumer goods [1][3] - The "super core inflation" data surged to 0.12% month-on-month, indicating persistent inflationary pressures [3] Group 2: Federal Reserve's Internal Divisions - The Federal Reserve is experiencing internal fractures, with officials divided into three camps regarding interest rate policy: some advocating for immediate rate cuts, others hesitant due to tariff-induced inflation, and a hardline faction suggesting no changes until 2025 [3] - The June meeting minutes revealed these divisions, with differing opinions on the urgency of action against inflation [3] Group 3: Political Pressures and Market Reactions - President Trump publicly called for a 300 basis point rate cut, leading to increased speculation about the potential dismissal of Fed Chair Powell, which caused market volatility [6] - Following Trump's comments, the probability of Powell's dismissal rose from 16% to 26%, and gold prices surged while the dollar index fell [6] - The market's reaction to Trump's statements reflects heightened fear and uncertainty regarding the Fed's independence and future monetary policy [6] Group 4: Global Economic Context - Amidst the turmoil in the U.S., positive news emerged from China, with Nvidia's founder announcing government approval for chip shipments to China, leading to a spike in Nvidia's stock price [8] - However, the ongoing trade tensions, including Trump's announcement of a 30% tariff on Mexico, indicate a challenging global trade environment [8] Group 5: Future Economic Outlook - The U.S. national debt is projected to exceed $37 trillion, with interest payments expected to surpass $1 trillion by 2025, raising concerns about fiscal sustainability [9] - Analysts warn that if Powell is forced out, the yield curve could steepen significantly, indicating potential economic distress reminiscent of the 1980s [9][10] - The article concludes with a sense of uncertainty regarding the future direction of U.S. economic policy and its implications for global markets [10]

Core Insights - Jiangxi Province has implemented a moderately loose monetary policy this year, enhancing counter-cyclical adjustments and utilizing various monetary policy tools to create a favorable financial environment for economic recovery [1] Financial Growth - As of June, the total loan balance in Jiangxi Province reached 65,816 billion yuan, with an increase of 330 billion yuan in the first half of the year, representing a year-on-year growth of 6.9%, which is 0.2 percentage points higher than May and 0.1 percentage points above the national average [1] - The total deposit balance was 67,186 billion yuan, with an increase of 486.4 billion yuan in the first half of the year, showing a year-on-year growth of 9.8% [1] - The social financing scale increased by 513 billion yuan in the first half of the year, which is 17.9 billion yuan more than the previous year, with net financing from government bonds amounting to 138.4 billion yuan, an increase of 81.3 billion yuan year-on-year [1] Credit Structure Optimization - Manufacturing loans have seen rapid growth, with a balance of 6,220 billion yuan as of June, increasing by 69.7 billion yuan in the first half of the year, accounting for 21.1% of the total loan increment, the highest in nearly a decade [2] - The balance of loans to private enterprises reached 9,242 billion yuan, with an increase of 71.9 billion yuan, representing 21.7% of the total enterprise loan increment, up 6.5 percentage points from the previous year [2] - The balance of inclusive small and micro loans was 10,751 billion yuan, making up 16.3% of the total loan balance [2] Support for Innovation and Green Development - The balance of technology loans reached 10,107 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 15.2%, while loans to technology enterprises amounted to 4,683 billion yuan, growing by 10.8% [2] - Green loans totaled 11,302 billion yuan as of June, with an increase of 175 billion yuan in the first half of the year, accounting for 53.0% of the total loan increment [2] Financing Costs - The weighted average interest rate for newly issued loans to enterprises was 3.63% in June, down 45 basis points year-on-year [3] - The weighted average interest rate for newly issued inclusive small and micro loans was 3.83%, a decrease of 57 basis points year-on-year [3] - The weighted average interest rate for newly issued personal housing loans was 3.21%, down 43 basis points year-on-year [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the precarious situation of the Federal Reserve under Chairman Jerome Powell, highlighting rising inflation, political pressures, and internal divisions within the Fed, which could lead to significant market implications and potential changes in leadership [1][4][10]. Inflation and Economic Indicators - The latest inflation report shows a core CPI increase of 2.9% year-on-year in June, exceeding the Fed's 2% target, indicating a troubling inflationary trend [1]. - The overall CPI rose by 2.7% year-on-year in June, marking a four-month high, with significant price increases in clothing (0.4%), furniture (1%), and household appliances (1.9%) [2]. - "Super core inflation," excluding food, energy, and housing, increased by 0.12%, significantly higher than the previous months' increases of 0.01% and 0.07% [2]. Federal Reserve's Internal Dynamics - The June meeting minutes reveal a split among Fed officials into three factions: a minority advocating for immediate rate cuts, a majority opting for a wait-and-see approach, and a strong faction opposing any rate cuts until at least 2025 [3]. - The probability of a rate cut in September dropped from 65% to 58%, and the likelihood of two rate cuts this year fell from 93% to 76% [3]. Political Pressures and Market Reactions - President Trump publicly suggested a drastic rate cut of 300 basis points and questioned Powell's position, leading to a spike in the probability of Powell's dismissal from 16% to 26% within hours [4]. - Following Trump's comments, gold prices surged by $20, while the dollar index fell by 25 points, indicating market volatility in response to political statements [4]. Global Trade and Economic Implications - The U.S. is facing escalating trade tensions, with Trump imposing a 30% tariff on Mexico, prompting retaliatory responses from other nations, including the EU [6]. - The U.S. Treasury issued a record $1.2 trillion in net debt in Q2, with projections for Q3 borrowing to rise to $554 billion, reflecting a concerning trend in national debt accumulation [6]. Currency and Monetary System Challenges - Countries are increasingly moving towards de-dollarization, with Brazil's president announcing trade without the dollar and the EU accelerating efforts to establish a trade network independent of the dollar [8]. - Central banks globally accumulated 280 tons of gold in the first half of the year, the highest in two decades, signaling a loss of confidence in the dollar [8].

Core Insights - The mortgage default rate in China has risen to 4.7% in July 2025, marking a 0.3 percentage point increase from June and continuing a four-month upward trend, particularly affecting third and fourth-tier cities where the rate has reached 6.8% [1][2] - Economic pressures, including a GDP growth rate of only 4.8% in the first half of 2025, have contributed to declining household income growth, which has fallen to 3.2% compared to 5.8% in the same period of 2022, impacting repayment capabilities [1][2] - The continuous decline in housing prices, with new home prices down 5.7% and second-hand home prices down 6.9% year-on-year, has exacerbated the situation for homebuyers, leading to increased default intentions [2][4] - The financial stability of the banking sector is under threat, with the non-performing loan rate for real estate-related loans rising to 3.7%, and potential new non-performing loans exceeding 400 billion yuan if defaults continue [4][6] - Government and financial institutions are implementing measures to stabilize the real estate market, including lowering down payment ratios and adjusting mortgage interest rates [4][6] Economic Factors - The economic downturn is a significant factor, with the National Development and Reform Commission reporting a GDP growth target of 5.2% for 2025, which has not been met [1][7] - The decline in household income growth has directly affected repayment abilities, particularly for high-debt families where mortgage payments exceed 50% of their income [1][2] Housing Market Dynamics - The ongoing decline in housing prices has led to a significant number of homebuyers facing negative equity, with some cities experiencing price drops exceeding 15% [2][4] - The number of unfinished housing projects has surpassed 380, affecting nearly 390,000 homeowners, contributing to the rising default rates [2][4] Financial Sector Response - Major banks have increased provisions for potential bad loans, with state-owned banks setting aside over 280 billion yuan in the first half of 2025, a 22.6% increase from the previous year [6][9] - Banks are offering various relief measures, including loan repayment extensions and interest rate adjustments, to assist struggling homeowners [6][9] Future Outlook - The future of the mortgage default rate will depend on macroeconomic recovery and stabilization of the real estate market, with expectations that policy effects will lead to a peak and subsequent decline in default rates by the end of the year [7][9] - The transition from the previous housing market model to a more sustainable development framework is essential for addressing the underlying issues of mortgage defaults [9]