瑞达期货研究院 「2025.12.31」 铝类市场周报 需求转淡VS宏观向好，铝类或将震荡运行 研究员:陈思嘉 期货从业资格号 F03118799 期货投资咨询 从业证书号 Z0022803 关 注 我 们 获 取 更 多 资 讯 业务咨询 添加客服 目录 1、周度要点小结 2、期现市场 3、产业情况 4、期权市场分析 「 周度要点小结」 电解铝：基本面原料端，原料氧化铝价低位运行，铝厂冶炼利润较好，整体开工情况积极。供给端，国内电解铝开工 率稳中有增，但因在产产能已临近行业上限，电解铝供给增量较为零星、量级稳定。需求端，随着淡季影响的逐步显 现加之临近假期，下游开工情况有所走弱，加之铝价保持高位震荡，对下游的采买亦有一定抑制，故产业库存小幅积 累。整体来看，沪铝基本面或处于供给稳中小增，需求淡季的阶段，受宏观预期利好铝价维持高位震荡。 观点总结：沪铝主力合约轻仓震荡交易，注意操作节奏及风险控制。 3 本周沪铝期价走强 沪铝与伦铝期价 行情回顾：沪铝震荡偏强，周涨跌幅+2.32%，报22925元/吨。氧化铝震荡走势，周涨跌-0.54%，报2778元/吨。 行情展望： 氧化铝：基本面原料端，土矿价格偏稳运行，港 ...

Core Viewpoint - The EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) will officially enter its charging phase on January 1, 2026, initially covering six product categories: steel, cement, aluminum, fertilizers, electricity, and hydrogen. By 2028, the scope is expected to expand to approximately 180 downstream products, including washing machines and automotive parts [1][3]. Group 1: Implementation and Coverage - The CBAM's product coverage has been clarified, with a temporary agreement reached on December 12, 2022, confirming the initial six product categories [3]. - The implementation of CBAM will follow a phased approach, with a transition period from 2023 to 2025 focusing on carbon data research, leading to formal legislation in 2026 [14]. - The actual payment obligations will primarily affect companies collaborating with large EU importers due to exemption thresholds, which will significantly reduce compliance burdens for small and medium-sized enterprises [17]. Group 2: Product Specifics and Emission Accounting - Different products under CBAM will have varying emission coverage; for instance, indirect emissions from steel and aluminum will not incur charges, while cement and fertilizers will be charged for both direct and indirect emissions [14]. - The CBAM will expand its coverage to include downstream products by 2028, with the cost burden depending on the proportion of steel and aluminum in those products [15]. Group 3: Impact on Chinese Enterprises - Chinese enterprises exporting to the EU, particularly in the steel and aluminum sectors, will need to establish differentiated carbon emission data management systems to comply with CBAM [20]. - The majority of Chinese exporters affected by CBAM will be larger companies, as many small exporters will fall below the 50-ton exemption threshold [17]. - The actual impact on major Chinese aluminum exporters is expected to be limited due to their ability to track production data and lower actual emissions compared to default values set by CBAM [19]. Group 4: Broader Implications and Strategic Responses - The introduction of CBAM and other EU regulations signals a growing trend of green trade barriers, pushing for low-carbon transitions globally [24]. - Chinese companies are encouraged to adapt to EU standards and develop low-carbon supply chains to mitigate compliance risks while participating in international carbon rule-making [24][25]. - China's proactive approach to low-carbon transformation and its relatively better energy structure compared to other developing countries may provide a competitive advantage in the face of stringent EU regulations [25].

Core Viewpoint - The European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) will officially enter its charging phase on January 1, 2026, initially covering six product categories: steel, cement, aluminum, fertilizers, electricity, and hydrogen. By 2028, the scope is expected to expand to approximately 180 downstream products, including washing machines and automotive parts, creating a comprehensive "green bill" for trade [1][3][14]. Group 1: CBAM Implementation and Product Scope - The CBAM's product coverage has been clarified, with a focus on six primary products, each defined by specific EU customs tariff codes [3][12]. - The implementation of CBAM will occur in phases, with a transitional period from 2023 to 2025 for carbon data research, followed by formal legislation in 2026 [13][12]. - The product scope will expand to include downstream products by 2028, with the cost burden depending on the embedded emissions from steel and aluminum used in these products [14][15]. Group 2: Compliance and Impact on Chinese Enterprises - A significant exemption threshold of 50 tons for imports will reduce compliance burdens for small and medium-sized enterprises, with approximately 90% of importers expected to be exempt while still covering about 99% of related carbon emissions [15]. - Major Chinese steel and aluminum suppliers exporting to the EU will be primarily affected, while many smaller exporters may not face direct CBAM payment obligations due to the exemption threshold [15][17]. - Chinese enterprises are advised to establish differentiated carbon emission data management systems to comply with CBAM, focusing on direct and indirect emissions based on product categories [18][21]. Group 3: Broader Implications and Strategic Responses - The emergence of green trade barriers, exemplified by CBAM and the EU's battery regulations, indicates a trend towards stricter carbon management in global trade [21][20]. - Chinese companies are encouraged to adapt to EU standards and develop low-carbon supply chains to mitigate compliance risks while participating in international carbon rule-making [21][22]. - China's proactive low-carbon transition and early industry adjustments position it favorably against stricter EU regulations, potentially allowing it to maintain a competitive edge in the global market [22].

Core Viewpoint - The electrolytic aluminum market has entered a strong upward trend since 2025, driven by tight supply-demand dynamics, with domestic and international prices reaching new highs [1][3]. Supply Side Summary - The domestic electrolytic aluminum industry has entered a "stock replacement" era, with a production capacity ceiling set at approximately 45 million tons due to dual constraints from industry consensus on "anti-involution" and "carbon peak" policies [3]. - It is estimated that net new production capacity in China will only increase by 200,000 tons by 2025, with a total foreseeable increase of only 560,000 tons, making it difficult to effectively supplement market supply [3]. - Although countries like India and Indonesia are advancing new capacity construction, factors such as unstable power supply will hinder full production capacity by 2026, exacerbating the tight supply situation in the domestic market [3]. Demand Side Summary - Structural upgrades in demand are providing sustained upward momentum for electrolytic aluminum prices, with traditional construction sector demand stabilizing while the new energy sector becomes the core growth engine [5]. - The demand from the new energy vehicle industry continues to grow, with increased aluminum usage per vehicle due to lightweight trends; the acceleration of ultra-high voltage construction is significantly boosting demand for aluminum cables [5]. - The "aluminum replacing copper" trend in the power and electronics sectors is further expanding the application space for electrolytic aluminum, with projected demand growth rates of 2.1% in 2025 and 2026, outpacing supply growth of 1.6% [5]. Cost Side Summary - The release of cost dividends is a significant driver of profit expansion in the electrolytic aluminum industry, with key raw material prices, such as alumina, experiencing a decline due to ample supply [6]. - For instance, the domestic alumina futures price fell below 2,500 yuan/ton, nearly halving from its peak a year ago, contributing to an expanding profit margin for the industry [6]. - Major companies are showing stable profitability and improved cash flow, with China Aluminum leading the industry with a net profit of 10.872 billion yuan, a historical high for the same period, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 20.65% [6]. Industry Outlook - The tight supply-demand balance in the electrolytic aluminum industry is expected to persist, with demand growth in the new energy sector being a core driver for long-term industry development [6]. - Leading companies are likely to benefit from their production capacity advantages, industry chain layout, and cost control capabilities during this high-profit cycle [6]. - The acceleration of the "aluminum replacing copper" process and gradual recovery in overseas markets will further open up growth space for the electrolytic aluminum industry, with increasing industry concentration expected during the stock replacement phase [6].

Core Viewpoint - The European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) will officially enter its charging phase on January 1, 2026, initially covering six product categories: steel, cement, aluminum, fertilizers, electricity, and hydrogen. By 2028, the scope is expected to expand to approximately 180 downstream products, including washing machines and automotive parts [1][5]. Group 1: CBAM Implementation and Scope - CBAM will begin charging for carbon emissions on January 1, 2026, with a phased approach to implementation [1]. - The initial product coverage includes steel, cement, aluminum, fertilizers, electricity, and hydrogen, with specific customs codes provided for clarity [1][4]. - By 2028, the coverage will expand to include around 180 additional products, particularly in the steel and aluminum-intensive downstream sectors [5][6]. Group 2: Impact on Chinese Enterprises - Chinese companies exporting to the EU need to establish differentiated carbon emission data management systems to comply with CBAM [1][9]. - The actual payment obligations under CBAM will primarily affect large Chinese exporters working with major EU importers, while many small and medium-sized enterprises may be exempt due to a 50-ton annual import threshold [6][7]. - The impact on major Chinese aluminum companies is expected to be limited, as they can track their production data and often have lower actual emissions than the default values set by CBAM [8]. Group 3: Compliance Strategies - Chinese enterprises are advised to develop targeted data management strategies to meet CBAM requirements, focusing on direct and indirect emissions based on product categories [9]. - The establishment of a sustainable support alliance is underway to assist companies in understanding and managing their carbon footprints effectively [9]. - Companies should prioritize high carbon intensity products for compliance management and prepare for potential future regulatory changes [9]. Group 4: Broader Regulatory Context - In addition to CBAM, the EU has introduced new battery regulations that emphasize carbon footprint labeling, which will also affect exports [10][11]. - The carbon footprint labeling will require detailed disclosures about the lifecycle carbon footprint of batteries, further complicating compliance for exporters [11][12]. - The evolving regulatory landscape indicates a trend towards stricter green trade barriers, which may impact global trade dynamics [12][13]. Group 5: Competitive Advantages for China - China has made significant progress in low-carbon transitions, which may provide a competitive edge in adapting to EU regulations compared to other countries [13]. - The country's proactive measures in low-carbon transformation and compliance capabilities position it favorably in the face of stringent EU regulations [13].

【铝期货市场】：锡镍强势领涨，铝价随板块起伏，隔夜伦铝偏强上扬，最新收盘报价2987美元/吨， 收涨36美元，涨幅1.22%，成交量17912手减少10078手，持仓量684135手减少199手。晚间沪铝高开后 偏强运行，主力月2602合约最新收盘价报22615元/吨，涨195元，涨幅0.87%。 伦敦金属交易所（LME）12月30日伦铝最新库存量报514250公吨，较上个交易日减少5000吨，跌幅 0.96%。 基本面，供应端，国内电解铝运行产能变化不大，供应维持稳定。需求端，季节性消费淡季与铝价高企 叠加，抑制下游需求，铝加工企业开工率持续下滑。库存方面，近期铝锭社库持续累积，因下游畏高、 刚需采购，且新疆发运改善使在途库存上升，后续社库或继续累库，需关注需求与库存变化。然沪铝社 库低位且AI需求带来利好。2025年AI行业持续狂欢，风险投资与科研人才涌入，算力融资活跃。尽管 数据中心建设延期消息增多，但企业仍斥巨资搭建算力设施，AI崛起将大幅拉动工业金属消费，利好 铝价。此外，临近跨年，铜锡镍强势领涨，铝价随板块波动。 综合来看，今现铝或上涨。 长江铝价alu.ccmn.cn短评：锡镍强势领涨，铝价随板 ...

Group 1: Report Information - Report Name: Aluminum Daily Report [1] - Date: December 31, 2025 [2] - Research Team: Non-ferrous Metals Research Team [3] - Researchers: Yu Feifei, Zhang Ping, Peng Jinglin [3] Group 2: Market Review and Operation Suggestions - Aluminum Price: On the 30th, Shanghai aluminum fluctuated at a high level. The main contract 2602 closed at 22,565, a slight increase of 0.13% from the previous day. The total position decreased by more than 22,000 lots to 655,000 lots [7]. - Spot Premium: Affected by the year - end settlement of enterprises, the trading sentiment in East China weakened, and the market liquidity was generally low. The spot premium was still under pressure. The discount in East China was - 310, in Central China was - 330, and in South China was - 320 [7]. - Supply: The domestic aluminum industry maintained a high - profit level, and the domestic operating capacity increased steadily but slightly under the stimulation of high profits. The supply pressure was generally limited due to the production capacity ceiling. Overseas, attention should be paid to the production reduction risk of Mozambique aluminum plants and the progress of Indonesia's capacity expansion [7]. - Demand: The operating rate of aluminum processing enterprises was further weakened by environmental protection restrictions and high aluminum prices, and the inventory showed an inflection point of accumulation [7]. - Price Outlook: In the medium term, aluminum prices are likely to rise due to loose liquidity and the strong performance of the gold and copper sectors. In the short term, the probability of high - level adjustment increases due to the fluctuating macro - atmosphere and limited fundamental drivers. It is advisable to control risks with light positions during the holiday [7]. Group 3: Industry News - Aluminum Substitution for Copper: 19 air - conditioning enterprises and research institutions, including Midea, Haier, and Xiaomi, jointly launched the implementation of the "aluminum substitution for copper" series of standards. Some brands plan to launch aluminum - made household air - conditioning products as early as 2026, while others have no such plan [10]. - Company Capacity Expansion: Lizhong Group's second - phase project of 1.8 million ultra - lightweight aluminum alloy wheels in its Mexican factory has been initially put into production. The third factory in Thailand with an annual production capacity of 3 million cast - spun aluminum alloy wheels is expected to be put into production next year. New high - performance aluminum alloy material projects in Chongqing, Huaian, Changchun, and Thailand will be put into production from the fourth quarter of this year to next year [10][11]. - Mining Plan: India's state - owned National Aluminium Company (Nalco) plans to start mining the Pottangi bauxite mine in Odisha in June 2026. It is expanding the fifth production line at its Damanjodi alumina refinery, increasing the annual production capacity by 1 million tons to 3.275 million tons [11]. - Automobile Industry: In the first 11 months, China's automobile production and sales exceeded 31 million, with a year - on - year increase of over 10%. The production and sales of new energy vehicles were close to 15 million, with a year - on - year increase of over 30%. New energy vehicle exports reached 2.315 million, doubling year - on - year [11]

格隆汇12月31日｜中金研报称，北美铝行业正面临美国加码铝进口贸易壁垒带来的机遇，以及数据中心 抢占有限电力资源构成的挑战。我们认为北美原铝供需缺口或在未来5年内持续放大，而美国当地铝将 维持高溢价。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The North American aluminum industry is facing opportunities from increased U.S. import trade barriers and challenges from data centers competing for limited power resources [1] Group 1: Demand and Supply Dynamics - North American aluminum demand is expected to maintain rapid growth, with a widening regional supply-demand gap anticipated [1] - The transportation sector is likely to see a rebound in automotive manufacturing capacity utilization due to U.S. tariff barriers [1] - Strong orders in the aerospace sector are expected to support aircraft manufacturing demand [1] Group 2: Residential and Industrial Demand - Aluminum demand in residential construction may stabilize and rebound after new housing starts reach a bottom [1] - The return of manufacturing and data centers may tighten U.S. power supply and demand, sustaining high investment in the power sector, which will further drive aluminum demand [1] Group 3: Future Outlook - The supply-demand gap in North America is projected to continue widening from 2025 to 2030 [1] - The Midwest premium is expected to remain at a high level [1]

Core Viewpoint - The North American aluminum industry is facing opportunities from increased U.S. trade barriers on aluminum imports and challenges from data centers competing for limited power resources. The supply-demand gap for primary aluminum in North America is expected to widen over the next five years, with local U.S. aluminum maintaining a high premium [2]. Supply Overview - The supply of primary aluminum in North America is limited due to power constraints and uncertainties in trade policies. Since 2011, new primary aluminum capacity has stagnated, and cost pressures from aging power and equipment have led to many U.S. projects being idled or shut down. The U.S. local Mt Holly project has announced a restart of idle capacity, while new projects by Emirates Global Aluminum and Century Aluminum depend heavily on policy support. Canada currently has no expansion projects with net capacity increases planned. It is expected that North American primary aluminum production will slightly increase from 3.99 million tons in 2024 to 4.16 million tons by 2030, mainly from the restart of idle capacity [5][11][18]. Demand Overview - North American aluminum demand is expected to maintain rapid growth, with the regional supply-demand gap likely to widen further. The transportation sector is anticipated to see a recovery in automotive manufacturing capacity utilization under U.S. tariff protection, while strong orders in aerospace will support aircraft manufacturing demand. Residential construction aluminum demand may stabilize and rebound after new housing starts bottom out. The high investment in the power sector may continue to drive related aluminum demand [5][11][43]. Key Companies - The North American aluminum industry is dominated by three major companies: Alcoa, Century Aluminum, and Rio Tinto. Rio Tinto maintains a relatively stronger profitability due to its low-cost hydroelectric power and integrated bauxite resources. Century Aluminum benefits more from U.S. tariff protections due to its high domestic production ratio. Alcoa, with a higher proportion of alumina revenue, can better withstand cost pressures related to alumina prices, while its higher cash cost per ton of aluminum provides greater profit elasticity [6][45]. Trade and Policy Impact - U.S. aluminum net imports reached a historical high in 2017 but have since declined due to tariff policies. The U.S. aluminum dependency ratio rose from 3% in 2011 to 59% in 2017, then fell to 38% in 2020 due to tariff protections. However, the dependency ratio is expected to rise again to around 50% from 2021 to 2024. The recent increase in tariffs to 25% and 50% will significantly elevate trade barriers [25][26][30]. Price Dynamics - The Midwest premium for aluminum in the U.S. has been expanding due to tariff impacts. The premium has risen from below $0.10 per pound before 2012 to around $0.20 per pound after the introduction of tariffs in 2018, and further to $0.80-$0.90 per pound with the recent tariff increases, effectively covering additional costs imposed by tariffs [35][36]. Future Outlook - The supply of primary aluminum in North America is expected to remain limited due to power resource constraints and uncertainties in trade policies. The demand for aluminum is projected to grow rapidly, particularly in the transportation and packaging sectors. The supply-demand gap is likely to widen from 2025 to 2030, with the Midwest premium expected to remain at a high level sufficient to cover tariff costs [38][43].