Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significant turning points in China's economy for 2025, highlighting the weakening of the "scar effect" post-pandemic, the diminishing impact of tariff conflicts, the reduced marginal drag from real estate adjustments, and the improved integration of short-cycle frameworks with long-term reform directions [4][5][8]. Group 1: Turning Points in Economic Operation - The impact of the post-pandemic "scar effect" is significantly weakening, as evidenced by improved travel data and a divergence between core CPI and PPI trends [5][6]. - The influence of tariff conflicts on China's economy is diminishing, with exports showing resilience and an improved structure of export goods, indicating a new phase of domestic transformation and upgrading [6][7]. - The marginal drag from real estate adjustments on economic growth is expected to weaken, with new construction leading investment growth and a shift in the housing market dynamics favoring new homes [7][8]. - The integration of short-cycle frameworks with long-term reform directions has improved, with a robust policy system focusing on high value-added production and human-centered demand management [8][9]. Group 2: Recent Economic Indicator Weakness - The decline in investment growth since mid-year is not attributed to a single industry but shows significant regional differentiation, partly due to the "crowding out effect" from accelerated debt reduction efforts [10][11]. - The implementation of "debt clearance" policies has also affected investment funds, creating a similar "crowding out effect," although this is expected to strengthen the microeconomic foundation in the long run [11][12]. - Some regions report insufficient project reserves, which has impacted current investment performance, but this is anticipated to improve in the upcoming planning year [12]. Group 3: Policy Recommendations Based on Macro-Micro Temperature Difference - The phenomenon of "macro-micro temperature difference" has become more pronounced, indicating a disconnect between macroeconomic indicators and micro-level experiences, which is essential for understanding policy directions [13][14]. - Restoring corporate profitability and increasing household income levels are critical policy directions to address the economic cycle issues, emphasizing the need for policies that consider micro-level incentives [15][16]. - Recommendations include focusing on improving residents' income, increasing leisure time, creating favorable consumption environments, and providing quality products, rather than relying solely on leveraging consumption [16].

Core Viewpoint - Goldman Sachs predicts that the global stock market will continue its bull market into 2026, but the index returns will be lower than in 2025, with a broader diversification in the market as AI benefits spread from core tech giants to a wider range of industries [1][2] Economic Environment - The global economy is expected to maintain a comprehensive expansion in 2026, supported by further moderate easing of monetary policy by the Federal Reserve, providing solid support for the stock market [2] Return Expectations - According to regional market capitalization weighting, the expected price return for the global stock market in 2026 is 13%, with a total return including dividends reaching 15%, primarily driven by earnings growth rather than valuation expansion [3][8] Market Cycle Stages - The stock market cycle is categorized into four stages: "Despair" (bear market), "Hope" (valuation-driven rebound), "Growth" (longest phase driven by earnings), and "Optimism" (increased investor confidence leading to valuation rises) [4] Market Trends - The report notes a significant broadening trend in the global stock market in 2025, which is expected to continue into 2026, breaking the previous highly concentrated market structure [9][10] Performance of Major Markets - In 2025, for the first time in nearly 15 years, U.S. stocks underperformed, with total returns in Europe, China, and Asia nearly double that of the U.S. market [10][11] Regional Performance Predictions - In 2026, U.S. stocks are expected to slightly underperform compared to global markets, with the MSCI Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan) and MSCI Emerging Markets indices projected to achieve total returns of 18%, surpassing the expected 15% for the S&P 500 [12] Investment Styles - The U.S. market remains dominated by growth stocks, while non-U.S. markets are seeing better performance from value stocks, indicating a shift from the past decade's growth stock dominance [13] Sector Performance - The trend of broadening returns is evident, with technology and finance leading in 2025, while real estate and healthcare lagged, reflecting the emergence of quality stocks within both growth and value sectors [14] Concentration of Earnings - The contribution of the top seven tech giants to the S&P 500's earnings is expected to decrease from 50% in 2025 to 46% in 2026, with the earnings growth of the remaining 493 companies increasing from 7% to 9%, indicating a further decline in industry concentration [15] AI Benefits Expansion - In 2026, the benefits of AI are expected to spread from core tech giants to a broader range of industries and companies, particularly those that can leverage AI and related technologies to enhance profitability and productivity [16][20] Market Dynamics - The current tech stock enthusiasm is not seen as a bubble, as today's tech giants possess stronger balance sheets and cash flows compared to the 2000 internet bubble [17] Investor Behavior - The correlation of stocks among the five major AI hyperscalers has dropped from 80% to 20%, indicating that investors are becoming more selective about which companies to invest in within the tech sector [18] Cross-Industry Growth - The spillover effects of tech capital expenditures are expected to drive growth in non-tech sectors such as industrials, materials, and finance, creating a cross-industry growth wave termed "AI + Industry" [21]

Core Conclusions - The overall valuation of A-shares has contracted this week, with the retail trade sector leading the gains. The Ministry of Commerce recently held a meeting to promote the "Three New" (new consumption formats, new models, new scenarios) pilot work, providing policy support for industry recovery. The concept of "reward economy" has emerged, further boosting sentiment in the consumption sector. Currently, the overall PB (LF) of the retail trade sector is at the historical 37.0 percentile, indicating significant room for valuation improvement [1][8]. Valuation Overview - This week, the overall PE (TTM) of A-shares decreased from 21.74 times last week to 21.73 times this week, while the PB (LF) remained stable at 1.77 times [10]. - The main board's PE (TTM) increased from 17.46 times last week to 17.54 times this week, and the PB (LF) rose from 1.48 times to 1.49 times [17]. - The ChiNext's PE (TTM) fell from 72.27 times to 71.32 times, and the PB (LF) decreased from 4.27 times to 4.21 times [19]. - The Sci-Tech Innovation Board's PE (TTM) dropped from 210.87 times to 205.59 times, and the PB (LF) fell from 5.17 times to 5.04 times [25]. Relative Valuation Analysis - The relative PE (TTM) of computing power infrastructure, excluding operators/resource categories, decreased from 4.47 times last week to 4.28 times this week, while the relative PB (LF) fell from 4.66 times to 4.46 times [28]. - In terms of static PE (TTM), major industries such as discretionary consumption, consumer staples, midstream manufacturing, cyclical, and midstream materials have absolute and relative valuations above the historical median, with discretionary consumption and consumer staples exceeding the historical 90th percentile [32]. - From the perspective of PB (LF), industries like resources, TMT, cyclical, and midstream manufacturing have absolute and relative valuations above the historical median, while discretionary consumption, midstream materials, financial services, services, and consumer staples are below the historical median [34]. Dynamic Valuation Insights - Analyzing the full dynamic PE, industries such as discretionary consumption, midstream manufacturing, cyclical, and midstream materials have absolute and relative valuations above the historical median, with discretionary consumption exceeding the historical 90th percentile [41]. - The current comparison of odds (PB historical percentiles) and win rates (ROE historical percentiles) indicates that industries like agriculture, public utilities, and oil and petrochemicals exhibit characteristics of low valuation and high profitability [59]. - The comparison of odds (full dynamic PE) and win rates (25-26 consensus expected net profit compound growth rate) shows that industries such as building materials, power equipment, media, and defense industry possess both low valuations and high performance growth [62]. ERP and Yield Spread - The non-financial ERP of A-shares increased from 0.87% last week to 0.89% this week, while the equity-debt yield spread improved from -0.12% to -0.05% [63]. - The full dynamic ERP of key non-financial companies in A-shares rose from 2.77% to 2.80% this week [70].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that China's economy in 2025 is characterized by a divergence, with strong export performance and weak domestic demand, contributing approximately half of the actual GDP growth despite increased tariffs from the US [5] - China's exports to the US have decreased by 20%-30%, but exports to other emerging markets have seen significant growth, indicating a diversification of China's export markets [10][7] - The actual effective exchange rate of the Renminbi has decreased by 20%, enhancing China's export competitiveness [13] Group 2 - China's goods trade surplus has exceeded $1 trillion for the first time in 2025, driven by structural growth in high-tech manufacturing exports [15] - The construction cycle has entered its fifth year, with new construction and sales indicators down by 50%-80% compared to the peaks of 2020-2021, indicating a lack of short-term recovery [21] - Employment pressure is high, with the unemployment rate reaching a new high of 18.9% in August 2025, reflecting the strain on the labor market amid weak domestic demand [26] Group 3 - The effectiveness of consumption stimulus policies is diminishing, with households showing a preference for saving rather than spending, leading to nearly 60 trillion RMB in "excess savings" [30][35] - The re-inflation process is slow due to a lack of strong demand-side stimulus, with supply-demand imbalances persisting despite government efforts [39] - Macro policies in China were notably loose in the first half of 2025, including accelerated government bond issuance and interest rate cuts, but the pace of easing slowed in the second half due to strong export performance [44] Group 4 - China ranks first globally in patent applications, accounting for 26% of the total, reflecting strong momentum in technology research and innovation [49] - The stock market performance shows a divergence between the technology sector, which is performing well, particularly in AI-related indices, and the real estate sector, which is underperforming [52] - The strategic focus of China's 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030) will be on technology, security, and livelihood, aiming to expand domestic demand and promote high-quality growth while facing challenges in transitioning growth drivers and enhancing consumer confidence [54]

Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Outperform" rating for the Hong Kong stock market [4] Core Insights - The overall market is experiencing a pullback driven by technology giants, with the Hang Seng Index down by 1.1% and the Hang Seng Composite Index down by 1.2% [1] - Valuation levels for most industries are declining, with the Hang Seng Index's forward P/E ratio decreasing by 1.7% to 11.6x [2] - Earnings expectations have been adjusted upwards overall, with the Hang Seng Index's EPS increasing by 0.3% compared to the previous week [3] Summary by Sections Market Performance - The Hang Seng Index decreased by 1.1%, while the Hang Seng Composite Index fell by 1.2%. Mid-cap stocks outperformed small-cap and large-cap stocks [1] - Among major concept indices, the Hang Seng Consumer Index rose by 0.3%, while the Hang Seng Internet Index dropped by 2.9% [1] Valuation Levels - The valuation of the Hang Seng Index decreased by 1.7% to 11.6x, and the Hang Seng Composite Index's valuation fell by 2.4% to 11.4x [2] - The most significant valuation increase was in the basic chemicals sector (+11.6%), while the real estate sector saw the largest decline (-19.0%) [2] Earnings Expectations - The EPS for the Hang Seng Index increased by 0.3%, and the Hang Seng Composite Index's EPS rose by 1.2% compared to the previous week [3] - The real estate sector saw a substantial EPS upward revision of 20.5%, while the basic chemicals sector experienced a downward revision of 10.2% [3]

当前，我国城镇化正从快速发展期转向稳定发展期，城市发展正从大规模增量扩张阶段转向存量提质增 效为主的阶段，房地产市场供求关系发生重大变化，房地产发展必须适应新阶段新变化。房地产产业链 长、关联度高，必须处理好促发展和防风险的关系。要着力稳定房地产市场，因城施策控增量、去库 存、优供给，鼓励收购存量商品房重点用于保障性住房等。要深化住房公积金制度改革，有序推动"好 房子"建设。要坚持防范风险、强化监管和创新发展模式相协调，加快构建房地产发展新模式，加快推 动房地产业转型升级，建立风险防控长效机制，扎实推动房地产高质量发展。 做好明年经济工作，要积极有序化解地方政府债务风险。按照科学分类、精准置换的原则，优化债务重 组和置换办法，多措并举化解地方政府融资平台经营性债务风险。要完善政府债务管理制度，完善和落 实一揽子化债方案，督促各地主动化债，不得违规新增隐性债务，坚决遏制违规举债冲动。要坚持在发 展中化债、在化债中发展，优化债务结构，推动市场化转型和债务风险化解，加快构建同高质量发展相 适应的政府债务管理长效机制。 习近平总书记强调："在中国式现代化进程中，不仅有风和日丽，也会有疾风骤雨甚至惊涛骇浪。"实现 明年 ...

Core Insights - The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state and future prospects of various industries in China, focusing on investment opportunities and macroeconomic factors influencing these sectors [3][4][5]. Group 1: Macroeconomic Environment - The report discusses the macroeconomic environment for industrial investment in China, including policies, economic growth, and foreign direct investment trends [3][4]. - It highlights the GDP growth forecast for 2025, indicating a positive outlook for economic expansion [3]. - The analysis includes fixed asset investment scale from 2020 to 2025, showing significant growth trends [3][4]. Group 2: Industry-Specific Investment Opportunities - The real estate sector is analyzed for its investment environment, including policy impacts and market conditions, with a focus on urban complexes and tourism real estate as key opportunities [5][6]. - The internet industry is identified as a strategic emerging sector, with investment opportunities in mobile payment and e-commerce [5][6]. - The energy sector is highlighted for its investment potential, particularly in renewable energy resources and processing [6][7]. Group 3: Mergers and Acquisitions - The report outlines the trends in mergers and acquisitions within various industries, noting increased regulatory scrutiny and the rise of private equity as a driving force [4][5]. - It discusses the active merger activities in cultural media and real estate sectors, indicating a dynamic market environment [4][5]. Group 4: Emerging Industries - New energy and new materials industries are emphasized for their growth potential, supported by government policies and increasing market demand [15][16]. - The biotechnology sector is also highlighted, with a focus on investment opportunities arising from policy support and market trends [15][16]. Group 5: Regional Investment Analysis - The report provides a detailed analysis of investment environments across different regions in China, identifying specific opportunities in provinces like Guangdong and Jiangsu [20][21]. - It emphasizes the importance of regional characteristics in shaping investment strategies and opportunities [20][21].

Group 1 - The core argument is that the traditional notion of "savings ethics" is being undermined in the U.S. due to structural economic changes, leading individuals to prioritize immediate gratification over long-term savings [2][3][13] - The pathway for savings to convert into significant assets, particularly housing, has narrowed, with the average home price now approximately 5.3 times the annual income, compared to 2.5 times half a century ago [6][7] - The stability of currency as a measure of value and a store of wealth has been shaken, with real wages stagnating since the 1970s while living costs continue to rise, eroding the purchasing power of savings [9][10] Group 2 - Future income expectations have become increasingly uncertain due to technological advancements, globalization, and the rise of the gig economy, making traditional career paths less reliable [11][12] - Young Americans are experiencing a shift in behavior, opting for immediate consumption over saving, as they perceive that their savings are being eroded by inflation and that long-term financial planning lacks a solid foundation [14][15] - A sense of financial nihilism is spreading among younger Americans, particularly those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, who feel that traditional methods of earning and saving are no longer effective [17][21] Group 3 - The current economic landscape is characterized by a growing divide between asset owners and ordinary workers, with the former benefiting from rising asset prices while the latter face stagnant wages and increasing living costs [38][41] - The economy is increasingly driven by financial transactions and asset trading rather than manufacturing, with the manufacturing sector now comprising only about 10% of the economy [52][53] - The separation between asset and real economy pricing mechanisms has created a significant disparity in wealth creation, where asset holders benefit from market fluctuations while laborers rely solely on wages [60][63] Group 4 - Young people's consumption patterns are shifting towards immediate experiences, such as ordering takeout, as they prioritize time and social expression over traditional long-term investments like homeownership [77][81] - The perception of the future among young people is marked by uncertainty, leading them to focus on present enjoyment rather than long-term savings, as they view the future as fraught with risks [84][88] - Potential future scenarios for the U.S. economy include stagnation similar to Japan or severe social stratification akin to some Latin American countries, with a need for significant reforms to restore social mobility and address wealth inequality [89][91][96]

以下文章来源于投资作业本Pro ，作者张雅琦 投资作业本Pro . 聚焦国内外知名投资人、分析师、企业家观点，解读市场逻辑，传播前沿理念，让投资更简单。 12月19日，在华尔街见闻和中欧国际工商学院联合主办的「Alpha峰会」上，摩根士丹利中国首席经济学家邢自强发表了题为《中国新篇章: 科技与再平衡》的 演讲。 他表示， 2024年9月以来的政策转向是扭转中国经济局势的关键， 中国企业在复杂的地缘政治与监管环境"严寒大考"后展现出强大韧性和创新能力，在多项前 沿科技领域已取得领先优势。 邢自强同时表示， 单靠"星辰大海"的新质生产力和企业出海，难以弥补内需不足这一"柴米油盐"的现实挑战，中国经济破局之道在于通过房地产企稳、财政 从"投资于物"转向"投资于人"、夯实社保与刺激消费，重塑增长动能与市场信心。 以下为演讲精彩观点： 1、2024年9月以来的政策转向是扭转局势的关键，中国企业在经历复杂地缘政治与监管环境的"大考"后展现出极强的韧性与创新力，已在多个科技领域 拔得头筹。 2、这种规模效应是没有任何一个其他国家单一经济体可以替代的……所以 "没有下一个中国"。 3、依靠部分行业的生产力亮点和企业出海，或许 ...

Group 1: Market Outlook - Goldman Sachs predicts that the global stock market will continue its bull market into 2026, with a price return of 13% and a total return of 15% including dividends, driven primarily by earnings growth rather than valuation expansion [1][2] - The current market is defined as being in the "optimistic" phase of the cycle, characterized by increased investor confidence and potential upward risks to core expectations [2][3] - The report indicates that the trend of non-U.S. markets outperforming U.S. markets will continue, with European, Chinese, and Asian markets showing total returns nearly double that of the U.S. market [1][5] Group 2: Earnings Growth and Valuation - Goldman Sachs expects all regions to achieve positive earnings growth in 2026, with the S&P 500 projected to grow earnings by 12%, STOXX 600 by 5%, Japan's TOPIX by 9%, and Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan) by 16% [3] - The report highlights that the high valuations observed in the U.S. market, with a forward P/E ratio of 22.3, will lead to returns being more reliant on fundamental earnings growth rather than valuation expansion [3] Group 3: Sector and Market Diversification - The bull market is broadening, with a notable shift away from the dominance of U.S. tech stocks, as the contribution of the top seven tech giants to S&P 500 earnings is expected to decrease from 50% in 2025 to 46% in 2026 [6] - Traditional value sectors such as financials and materials are transitioning from "value traps" to "value creators," benefiting from increased tech capital expenditures [5][6] Group 4: AI Impact and Sector Expansion - The AI dividend is expected to expand beyond core tech giants to a wider range of industries and companies that can leverage AI to enhance profitability and productivity [1][7] - The report notes a significant reduction in stock correlation among the five major AI hyperscalers, indicating a shift towards selective investment in potential winners within the tech sector [8] - The spillover effects of tech capital spending are anticipated to drive growth in non-tech sectors, creating a cross-industry growth wave termed "AI+ industry" [9]