Core Viewpoint - The article analyzes the implications of Trump's tariff war on the global economy, particularly focusing on the strategies and responses of various economic entities, including China, Canada, and Mexico, as well as the broader international context [2][4]. Group 1: Trump's Psychological Bottom Line - Trump's key demands in the tariff negotiations include a 10% baseline tariff on global imports, protective tariffs on key industries like automobiles, and specific measures targeting China, Canada, and Mexico [5][6][8]. - The 10% baseline tariff is seen as a potential concession point for Trump, aimed at preventing trade loopholes and increasing fiscal revenue [6]. - Protective tariffs on industries such as steel, aluminum, and automobiles are intended to limit competition and protect American jobs, with tariffs already set at 25% for steel and aluminum [7]. Group 2: Trump's Game Strategy - The U.S. holds a strategic advantage in the tariff war due to its position as the largest global demand-side economy, allowing it to dictate terms to other economies [10]. - Trump's unpredictable behavior in tariff announcements serves to increase the decision-making costs for opponents, maintaining strategic flexibility [11]. - The U.S. is shifting from multilateral frameworks like the WTO to bilateral negotiations, using tariffs as leverage to reshape trade relationships [10]. Group 3: China's Response - China has demonstrated a strong and rapid response to U.S. tariffs, indicating both the necessity and capability to counteract U.S. measures [15][16]. - The trade conflict is characterized as a repeated prisoner's dilemma, where mutual cooperation is beneficial, but unilateral concessions would disadvantage China [15]. - China's economic resilience and strategic reforms are expected to mitigate the impacts of the tariff war, with a focus on expanding domestic demand and technological self-sufficiency [18]. Group 4: Responses from Other Economies - Canada has taken a firm stance against U.S. tariffs, leveraging its economic ties with the U.S. to push back effectively, while Mexico has shown a more passive response due to its dependency on the U.S. [22][23]. - Other economies like the EU, Japan, and India have exhibited a tendency to negotiate rather than retaliate, reflecting their reliance on the U.S. and a lack of unified response strategies [25][26]. - The EU's delayed response to U.S. tariffs highlights internal divisions and a lack of cohesive strategy compared to China's swift actions [26].

Group 1 - Canada has reached a significant oil trade agreement with China, with imports hitting a historical peak of 7.3 million barrels in March 2023, marking a 90% reduction in U.S. oil imports due to trade tensions [3][5] - The diversification of energy imports is crucial for China to ensure energy security and mitigate trade risks, while Canada benefits from expanding its overseas market and boosting economic gains through increased oil exports [3][5] - The Canadian government, under Prime Minister Mark Carney, has adopted a hardline stance against China, imposing high tariffs on various Chinese products, which disrupts normal international trade and harms both Canadian and Chinese businesses [5][9] Group 2 - Canada has also taken a strong position against the U.S., maintaining retaliatory tariffs in response to unfavorable trade policies, which has negatively impacted Canadian industries [8][9] - The Canadian economy is heavily reliant on the U.S. market, with 75% of exports directed there; continued deterioration in U.S.-Canada trade relations could lead to a projected 18% drop in GDP within six months [9] - The trade relationship with China is vital, as the trade volume exceeded $100 billion in 2023; poor policies towards China could result in significant losses for Canadian industries, as evidenced by tariffs on Canadian canola oil and peas [9]

Group 1 - The core issue revolves around the trade negotiations between the US and Japan, with Trump pressuring Japan to eliminate its trade deficit with the US and expand imports of American products [2][5] - Japan's response to US pressure includes seeking diplomatic solutions with China, as evidenced by the visit of Katsuhiro Yoshida, the leader of the Komeito party, to China [5][10] - Japan's GDP is projected to decline by 0.2% due to the high tariffs imposed by the US on key industries such as automobiles and steel, prompting Japan to strengthen its economic ties with China [5][10] Group 2 - Japan aims to deepen economic cooperation with China in critical sectors like semiconductors and renewable energy to reduce reliance on the US [8][10] - The visit by Katsuhiro Yoshida is seen as a signal to the US that Japan may pivot towards China for economic collaboration if US pressure continues [10][11] - China has expressed a cautious but welcoming attitude towards Japan's outreach, emphasizing the importance of mutual respect and cooperation while maintaining strategic vigilance [10][13]

文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人：夏雪（微信 SuperSummerSnow） 核心观点 美国滥施关税，特朗普反复无常，关税细节变化较大，本文系统梳理截至 4 月 14 日的关税情况。 1 、首先，整体来看， 综合考虑各类关税的豁免等因素， 今年以来加征的关税大致提高美国整体进口关税率约 22.3 个百分点 ，达到 24.6% 。 2 、 今年以来特朗普已经加征的有四类： 1 ）芬太尼和非法移民税，针 对中、墨、加； 2 ）钢铝及其衍生品关税； 3 ）汽车和零部件（零部件 5 月 3 日生效）； 4 ）互惠对等关税。提出要加征的有一类：关键行业税，包括半导 体、铜、木材、药品等。 3 、作为一名美国进口商（或中国出口商），其进口（或出口）各类商品面临的关税情况及主要进口来源进口规模如图表 2 （或图 表 4 ）所示，详见正文 。 报告摘要 一、美国今年以来加征关税细节全扫描 进入 4 月，两周不到的时间，美国关税"瞬息万变"。本报告旨在系统整理今年以来美国加征关税情况，分别站在美国进口商和中国出口商视角，阐述不同行 业面临的具体关税如何。 ...

Summary of Conference Call Industry or Company Involved - The conference call primarily discusses the implications of new tariffs implemented by the U.S. government, particularly focusing on trade relations with China and other countries. Core Points and Arguments 1. **Tariff Structure**: The new tariff plan includes two main components: a baseline tariff of 10% and higher reciprocal tariffs, with specific rates for different countries, such as 20% for the EU, 24% for Japan, and 46% for Vietnam [1][2]. 2. **Adjustment Flexibility**: President Trump indicated that tariffs could be adjusted based on trade deficits and non-reciprocal treatment, allowing for potential termination of tariffs if certain conditions are met [2][3]. 3. **Negotiation Signals**: The administration's approach suggests that countries willing to negotiate trade agreements may see their tariffs suspended, signaling a potential for diplomatic resolutions [3][11]. 4. **Exemptions and Additional Tariffs**: Certain goods, including copper, pharmaceuticals, and semiconductors, may be exempt from tariffs, while the overall tariff structure may include additional layers beyond existing tariffs [4][6]. 5. **Market Expectations vs. Reality**: The actual tariff implementation was more aggressive than market expectations, which were relatively optimistic prior to the announcement [7][8][9]. 6. **Impact on Emerging Markets**: Countries like Vietnam face severe economic impacts due to high tariff rates, which could lead to significant economic challenges [11][12]. 7. **Domestic Economic Concerns**: The U.S. economy is showing signs of potential downturn, with concerns about inflation and economic recession becoming more pronounced [22][23]. 8. **Future Policy Directions**: The U.S. may need to balance aggressive tariff policies with domestic economic stability, especially in light of upcoming elections [25][26]. 9. **China's Economic Response**: China is expected to face increased economic pressure due to the tariffs, but it has set a GDP growth target of 5% for the year, indicating a proactive fiscal policy stance [26][27]. 10. **Investment Opportunities**: The current market volatility may present trading opportunities, particularly in U.S. equities and gold, as the situation evolves [17][28]. Other Important but Overlooked Content 1. **Long-term Economic Outlook**: The potential for a recession in the U.S. is increasing, with historical patterns suggesting that economic downturns often follow significant policy changes [22]. 2. **Inflationary Pressures**: The combination of tariffs and domestic policies may lead to rising inflation, complicating the economic landscape [23]. 3. **Policy Adjustments**: Future adjustments to tariffs may depend on the success of domestic economic reforms and the political landscape leading up to elections [14][30]. 4. **Global Economic Interconnections**: The tariffs are likely to have ripple effects on global markets, influencing currency valuations and trade balances [16][18]. This summary encapsulates the key discussions and insights from the conference call, highlighting the complexities of the current trade environment and its implications for various stakeholders.

Group 1: Global Market Performance - Chinese stock market outperformed globally, with the Hang Seng Index flat and the Hang Seng Tech Index rising significantly[1] - A-shares performed better than Hong Kong stocks, led by consumer staples, materials, and financial sectors[1] - Nasdaq Golden Dragon Index for Chinese stocks rose by 2.8%[1] Group 2: Economic Policies and Market Reactions - Investors are focused on the impact of housing stockpiling policies proposed in the government work report, which aims to improve housing supply-demand balance[1] - European stocks declined due to heightened risk aversion following Trump's threats to double tariffs on Canadian steel and aluminum[1] - U.S. stock market experienced volatility, initially rising but later falling after Trump's tariff announcement, with significant selling pressure observed[1] Group 3: Financial Indicators - U.S. Treasury yields rose as inflation concerns persist, with the Federal Reserve expected to maintain interest rates in the short term[2] - The dollar index fell, while the euro strengthened due to positive outlook on German defense spending agreements[2] - Copper prices increased, reflecting its correlation with global industrial economic conditions and Chinese stock market trends[2]