美国扩大钢铝关税清单，给全球贸易带来了巨大冲击。依赖对美出口钢铝产品的国家出口量大幅下滑， 经济遭受重创。美国的贸易伙伴们纷纷叫苦不迭，被迫采取反制措施，国际贸易环境越发严峻，贸易摩 擦不断升级，全球市场将因为美国的这一举措变得更加动荡不安。 对美国本土企业而言，钢铝关税的扩大同样是一场灾难。美国大型钢铁生产商克利夫兰—克利夫斯今年 二季度亏损4.7亿美元，截至目前已停产了3处设施。严重依赖钢铝产品的汽车制造商也未能幸免。美国 经济与政策研究中心高级经济学家迪恩·贝克指出，考虑到每辆汽车所用钢材的价值，翻番的钢铝关税 可能使每辆汽车成本上涨约400美元。重型机械制造商卡特彼勒在财报中明确指出，更高关税导致制造 成本增加，2025年二季度营业利润同比下降18%。福特汽车公司首席执行官吉姆·法利也表示，钢铝关 税的增加给汽车行业"增加大量成本，造成极大的混乱"。美国啤酒生产企业也受到了波及，百威英博表 示，由于铝罐进口成本上升，啤酒价格将上调8%。这些例子表明，关税成本最终将由美国企业和消费 者承担。 在全球产业链供应链高度融合的今天，贸易保护主义决不是解决问题的良方，只会加剧矛盾，引发更多 问题。而积极推动产业 ...

（原标题：特朗普新一轮钢铝关税令外商措手不及） 智利《金融日报》8月19日援引彭博社报道，8月19日，美国总统特朗普下令扩大 对钢铝产品征税范围，根据《联邦公报》所示，包括汽车零部件、化学和塑料制品以 及家具等在内的逾400种消费品被列入清单，由于许多商品正在输美途中且不知是否属 额外征税，外商普遍感到措手不及。分析认为，调整后的钢铝关税涉及商品约合3280 亿美元，是2018年的6倍。 ...

美国钢铝关税政策再度升级。 当地时间19日，美国商务部正式发布公告，宣布将407个产品类别纳入钢铁和铝的关税清单，适用税率为 50%。 扩大的关税清单已于18日正式生效。 有专家警告，美方此举可能会进一步加剧其国内的供应链压力并 推高物价。 CNBC 蒋钰： 当地时间周二，美国商务部正式宣布，扩大50%钢铝关税的征收范围，会将407个产品类别添加 到原本的关税清单当中，其中将包括不少业界没有预料到会被征收关税的产品，例如婴儿车和除臭喷雾等。 国际物流供应商德迅公司海关事务副总裁就扩大后的商品清单，评论表示：现在包括汽车零部件、化学品、塑 料、家具部件，基本上只要是有光泽的、金属的，或者和钢铝稍有关系的，都可能出现在征税清单上。 并且， 此次征税范围扩大的政策发生得很突然。 当地时间上周五，美国政府才和美国国内的进口商们下发通 知，就表示新关税将在美东时间本周一凌晨生效， 这让许多美国进口商们措手不及。 现在 许多美国进口商也处于进退两难的境地 ，他们已经付款的货物正在运输途中。如果选择接收，就必须缴 纳大幅增加的关税；但如果他们不想承担关税，让货运公司别在美国港口卸货，那他们又需要承受货物无法入 境所带来的损 ...

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. government has unexpectedly expanded the 50% steel and aluminum tariffs to 407 additional product categories, impacting various industries and raising concerns among importers and businesses [3][4][6]. Group 1: Tariff Expansion Details - The recent tariff increase is part of a series of measures initiated by the Trump administration to strengthen the U.S. steel and aluminum industries, with tariffs raised from 25% to 50% [5][12]. - The newly affected products include wind turbine components, heavy machinery, furniture, and various consumer goods, with an estimated 673 steel and 188 aluminum derivative products now subject to tariffs [6][8]. - The rapid implementation of these tariffs has left many importers unprepared, leading to significant operational challenges [6][7]. Group 2: Economic Impact - The expansion of tariffs is expected to affect approximately $328 billion worth of imports, significantly increasing inflationary pressures on prices already rising due to previous tariff measures [12][13]. - The Producer Price Index (PPI) data indicates a 0.9% month-on-month increase in July, the largest in three years, suggesting that the tariffs will exacerbate existing inflation trends [13]. - Industries such as construction, automotive, and packaging are projected to face the most severe impacts, with the cost of manufacturing a vehicle potentially increasing by over $2,000 due to the tariffs [13][14].

Group 1: Tariff Strategy - Tariffs are a key tool in Trump's economic policy, evolving from targeted strikes to a comprehensive strategy in his second term[2] - The tariff strategy consists of four main components: reciprocal tariffs, punitive tariffs, transshipment tariffs, and industry protection barriers[6] - The average effective tariff rate in the U.S. has increased by 16.2 percentage points, reaching 18.6%, the highest level since the Great Depression[29] Group 2: Trade Relations and Impact - The U.S. is transitioning to a more decentralized trade structure, moving away from reliance on the U.S.-China economic relationship[3] - The imposition of tariffs has led to a significant increase in import costs, with specific tariffs reaching as high as 50% on steel and aluminum products[21] - The U.S. government is using tariffs as a diplomatic tool, with punitive tariffs being applied to countries like Canada and Mexico, and targeting third-party nations involved in trade with adversaries[11] Group 3: Economic Consequences - Pre-tariff import surges led to a 4.67% month-on-month increase in imports in March, followed by a 1.39% year-on-year decline in June, indicating a demand pullback[29] - U.S. businesses are entering a de-inventory phase, with durable goods inventory growth slowing from 1.52% in March to 0.17% in June[29] - The uncertainty surrounding new tariff tools and potential trade negotiations post-midterm elections poses risks to global supply chains and capital markets[4]

Group 1 - The U.S. Department of Commerce announced an expansion of steel and aluminum tariffs to include hundreds of derivative products, with a 50% import duty set to take effect on August 18 [1][3] - The tariffs are expected to increase production costs for U.S. manufacturers, leading to potential price hikes across various products, including automobiles and consumer goods [1][4] - The steel industry is facing significant challenges, with some companies, like Cleveland-Cliffs, halting production due to weak demand and financial losses [3][4] Group 2 - The U.S. government aims to encourage domestic manufacturing by initially setting lower tariffs on chips and steel, which will later be increased significantly [2] - Structural supply shortages in the U.S. steel market, particularly for semi-finished products, are exacerbating the impact of tariffs, with a reported 5 million tons supply gap that must be filled through imports [3][4] - The imposition of high tariffs on raw materials is leading to a structural inflationary wave, affecting various sectors, including automotive and electronics, with significant cost increases projected [4][5] Group 3 - The cumulative effect of tariffs is expected to raise overall price levels in the U.S. by 0.8%, with most of the price increases yet to be fully realized [6] - The ongoing adjustments in tariffs are creating uncertainty in trade relationships, prompting suppliers to be more cautious, which could lead to potential import shortages and further inflationary pressures [5][6]

Group 1 - China has filed a lawsuit against Canada at the World Trade Organization (WTO) due to allegations of dumping canola oil, imposing a deposit of up to 75.8% on imports from Canada starting August 14 [1] - Canadian Agriculture Minister expressed disappointment over China's decision but acknowledged efforts to engage in dialogue with China to resolve trade disputes [3] - Canada has not taken substantial corrective measures in the four days following China's announcement, prompting further action from China [3] Group 2 - Canada imposed discriminatory tariffs on Chinese steel products as a means to address trade tensions with the United States, which has placed significant tariffs on Canadian steel and aluminum [3][5] - The Canadian government previously announced a 100% tariff on electric vehicles from China and a 25% tariff on steel and aluminum imports from China to appease the U.S. [5] - The new Canadian Prime Minister, Carney, has taken a firm stance against U.S. pressure, but recent tariffs on products containing "Chinese steel components" indicate ongoing trade discrimination [5] Group 3 - China is no longer willing to tolerate Canada's previous approach of externalizing internal issues by targeting China, warning that further actions harming Chinese interests will lead to consequences [7] - The expectation is for Canada to recognize the situation and work towards a positive development in bilateral relations with China [7]

然而，加拿大政府对此次事件的反应令人玩味。13日，加拿大官员发表联合声明，表示对中国的决定"深感失望"，但 同时愿意与中方展开谈判以解决贸易争端。加方还重申，他们准备与中国官员开展建设性的对话，并进行相应领域的 磋商。可是，加拿大国内官员在接受媒体采访时，却多次流露出一种暗示，认为此时是一个特殊的时期，加拿大与美 国正处于关税谈判的关键阶段，必须从整个局势出发，不能轻易取消对中国电动汽车的关税。现阶段，贸易谈判显得 极为困难，因此并不排除中国可能会采取更为严厉的应对措施。 分析人士指出，透过这些事件，可以看出加拿大在国际事务中受到了美国的影响，尤其在对华政策的制定上，其部分 决策受到美国战略导向的干扰。此前，加拿大先后对中国的电动汽车和钢铝产品征收关税，中方随即对加拿大油菜籽 发起了反倾销调查。这一系列的贸易摩擦，背后隐含着相当复杂的地缘政治背景。加拿大政府似乎未能充分评估中方 在去年的某个时刻，欧盟国家针对中国出口的电动汽车采取了加征关税的措施。紧接着，加拿大也采取了类似的行 动，对从中国进口的电动汽车展开了征税。面对这种局面，中国方面表示了严重不满，并在警告无果的情况下启动了 对加拿大油菜籽的反倾销调查， ...

Group 1 - The U.S. announced a 90-day suspension of the 24% tariffs on Chinese goods while maintaining the existing 10% tariffs, indicating a desire to ease tensions without relinquishing leverage in negotiations [1][3] - Following the U.S. announcement, China quickly retaliated by launching an anti-dumping investigation against Canadian and Japanese imports of halogenated butyl rubber, which had been under investigation since September 2024 [3][5] - The Chinese authorities determined that the imports from Canada and Japan were indeed dumping and causing substantial harm to domestic industries, leading to the imposition of a deposit requirement for these imports starting August 14 [5][7] Group 2 - The swift response from China demonstrates adherence to anti-dumping regulations and WTO rules, targeting U.S. allies to signal that countries supporting U.S. actions against China will face consequences [7] - Japan's cooperation with the U.S. on tariff negotiations and its efforts to assist in resolving issues related to rare earth materials have been noted, indicating a strategic alignment with U.S. interests [5][7] - Canada's previous actions, including imposing tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles and steel products, have led to its current predicament, highlighting the interconnectedness of international trade policies and retaliatory measures [5][7]

【文/观察者网 王恺雯】针对加拿大出台钢铁关税配额措施，并对含所谓"中国钢铁成分"等产品加征歧视性关税，中方于8月15日在世贸组织 （WTO）提起诉讼。 加拿大自知与美国的谈判难以取得进展，竟转身将矛头对准了中国，炒作所谓"产能过剩"谬论，声称在美国面临高额关税的中国，正寻求向加 拿大出口更多廉价钢材，将对本土市场造成冲击。 中国是加拿大第二大贸易伙伴，2024年双边贸易额约1200亿加元。加拿大工业部数据显示，2024年加拿大钢铁进口额超过160亿美元，其中近 一半来自美国，约10%来自中国；加拿大出口钢铁超过120亿美元，其中91%销往美国，4%销往墨西哥。 "中加贸易争端进一步升级。"彭博社注意到，就在3天前，中国才宣布对加拿大进口油菜籽实施临时反倾销措施。加拿大总理卡尼14日曾表 示，加拿大将推进与中国开展建设性对话，"解决我们各自的贸易关切"。 彭博社指出，自从去年加拿大时任特鲁多政府宣布对中国电动汽车、钢铝产品加征关税，中加两国的贸易关系就趋于紧张。 今年3月，中国宣布对加拿大菜子油、油渣饼等加征100%关税；8月12日，中国商务部发布公告，认定原产于加拿大的进口油菜籽存在倾销， 决定采用保证金形 ...