贴水持续收敛，市场情绪延续乐观 [Table_ReportTime] 2025 年 8 月 23 日 请阅读最后一页免责声明及信息披露 http://www.cindasc.com 1 [Table_FirstAuthor] 于明明 金融工程与金融产品首席分析师 执业编号：S1500521070001 联系电话：+86 18616021459 邮 箱：yumingming@cindasc.com 证券研究报告 金工研究 崔诗笛 金融工程与金融产品 金融工程分析师 执业编号：S1500523080001 联系电话：+86 18516560686 邮 箱：cuishidi@cindasc.com 孙石 金融工程与金融产品 金融工程分析师 执业编号：S1500523080010 联系电话：+86 18817366228 邮 箱：sunshi@cindasc.com 信达证券股份有限公司 CINDA SECURITIES CO.,LTD 北京市西城区宣武门西大街甲 127 号金隅 大厦 B座 邮编：100031 [贴水持续收敛 Table_Title] ，市场情绪延续乐观 [Table_ReportDate] 202 ...

图为全球场外衍生品存续名义本金规模变化 图为全球场外期权存续名义本金规模变化 BIS的统计数据显示，截至2024年年底，全球场外衍生品存续名义本金规模达699.48万亿美元，其中场外期权存续名义本金规模为 70.29万亿美元，占比约10.05%。 [市场规模] 作为场外衍生品市场的关键分支，场外期权的规模与结构变化直接反映了全球金融市场的风险管理需求。在全球金融市场不断发展的 过程中，各类机构和企业面临的风险日益复杂多样，场外期权凭借其独特的优势，成为应对这些风险的重要手段，其规模的消长也与 市场风险状况紧密相连。 图为不同标的类型场外期权占比情况 外汇类场外期权：占比27.28%，服务全球化经济 外汇类场外期权存续名义本金规模约19.17万亿美元，主要挂钩美元、欧元、日元等主要货币对，服务于跨国贸易、海外投资中的汇 率风险管理。在全球化经济浪潮下，跨国企业的贸易往来、海外投资活动日益频繁，汇率的波动会直接影响其营收和利润。外汇类场 外期权为这些企业提供了有效的风险管理工具，使其能够在一定程度上锁定汇率，降低汇率波动带来的不确定性。 权益类场外期权：占比6.01%，聚焦资本市场波动 从历史趋势来看，全球场外期 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Ratings - The investment ratings for different financial derivatives are as follows: The outlook for stock index futures is "oscillating with a slight upward bias"; for stock index options, it is "oscillating"; and for treasury bond futures, it is "oscillating with a slight downward bias" [9][10][11] 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The report analyzes the market trends of stock index futures, stock index options, and treasury bond futures. The stock index futures market has broken through a key point with active incremental funds, and the upward trend is expected to continue. In the stock index options market, it is advisable to observe the persistence of the volatility inflection point and continue to hold bull spread strategies. The treasury bond futures market is affected by factors such as the stock - bond seesaw effect and capital tightening, and there are opportunities for curve steepening and long - end arbitrage [3][4][5] 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Market Views 3.1.1 Stock Index Futures - The Shanghai Composite Index fluctuated and closed flat on Tuesday, with trading volume slightly narrowing to 2.64 trillion yuan. After breaking through a 10 - year high, there was a style shift from dividends to growth. The market neutral strategy has faced setbacks since last week, indicating a shift from micro - small caps to small - medium caps. With positive sentiment indicators, there is no need to overly worry about pullbacks in August. It is recommended to hold IM long positions [3][9] 3.1.2 Stock Index Options - The underlying assets oscillated weakly, with only the CSI 1000 Index rising by 0.07%, while the SSE 50 ETF fell by 1.14%. Option trading volume declined by about 30%. Volatility decreased in most options. It is advisable to observe whether the morning volatility continues to decline and add short - volatility positions if it does. The bull spread strategy can be continued [4][10] 3.1.3 Treasury Bond Futures - Treasury bond futures rose across the board. The T contract rose due to the stock - bond seesaw effect and some short - sellers taking profits. However, capital tightening restricted the rise. The market risk preference and anti - involution may affect the bond market, and it is advisable to pay attention to curve steepening and long - end arbitrage opportunities [5][10][11] 3.2 Economic Calendar - On August 20, 2025, China's one - year loan prime rate (LPR) in August was announced at 3.35%, higher than the previous and predicted value of 3%. Other data such as China's July全社会 electricity consumption annual rate, the US August SPGI manufacturing PMI preliminary value, and Japan's July national CPI annual rate are yet to be released [13] 3.3 Important Information and News Tracking - **Pension**: On August 19, five departments issued a notice to enrich the scenarios for receiving personal pensions, adding three new scenarios and new application channels, effective September 1 [13] - **Photovoltaic**: On August 19, multiple departments held a photovoltaic industry symposium, calling for strengthening industry regulation, curbing low - price disorderly competition, standardizing product quality, and supporting industry self - regulation [14] 3.4 Derivatives Market Monitoring - The report mentions data monitoring for stock index futures, stock index options, and treasury bond futures, but specific data details are not elaborated in the provided content [15][19][31]

Core Viewpoint - Fortior (01304.HK) plans to utilize a maximum amount of RMB 1.5 billion or equivalent foreign currency for foreign exchange hedging activities, including various derivatives [1] Group 1 - The company intends to engage in foreign exchange hedging activities to meet operational and business needs [1] - The hedging activities will include forward foreign exchange settlement, foreign exchange swaps, foreign exchange futures, foreign exchange options, and other foreign exchange derivatives [1] - The usage period for the aforementioned amount is within 12 months from the date of approval by the company's shareholders' meeting, with funds being able to be rolled over within this limit and timeframe [1]

Report Summary 1. Investment Rating The report does not provide an industry investment rating. 2. Core View The report suggests that with the decline in the stock index option market and the decrease in volatility, investors can consider selling call options at high prices [1]. 3. Summary of Related Content 3.1 Option Market Data Statistics - **Underlying Market Statistics**: The closing prices of the Shanghai - Shenzhen 300 Index, Shanghai 50 Index, and most ETFs declined, while the closing price of the CSI 1000 Index increased slightly. The trading volumes of most underlying assets decreased, such as the Shanghai - Shenzhen 300 Index with a trading volume of 250.82 billion shares, a decrease of 50.66 billion shares [1]. - **Option Market Statistics**: The trading volumes of various options decreased significantly, while the open - interest of most options increased. For example, the trading volume of CSI 1000 index options was 264,630, a decrease of 94,783, and the open - interest was 256,493, an increase of 17,161. The VL - PCR and OI - PCR of most options showed different degrees of change [1]. 3.2 Option Volatility Statistics - **Near - Month Options**: The implied volatility (ATM - IV) of most options decreased, such as the Shanghai 50 index option with an ATM - IV of 17.77%, a decrease of 1.27%. The historical volatility (HV) also showed different trends, with some increasing and some decreasing [4]. - **Next - Month Options**: The ATM - IV of most next - month options also decreased, for example, the Shanghai 50 index option with an ATM - IV of 18.90%, a decrease of 1.52% [4]. 3.3 Option Index Data Statistics - **Each Option Type**: The report presents multiple charts for each option type, including the full - contract PCR chart, the main - contract skewness chart, the volatility cone chart, and the volatility term - structure chart, which can help investors analyze the market conditions of different options [8][12][15].

期权市场有几种走势和玩法？要是交易期权，策略繁多，毕竟期权属于复杂的金融衍生品，怎么说呢，既涉及对标的资产价格变动的预判，也包含对时间、 波动率等因素的考量，反正这么看还是挺复杂的呢。 一、期权市场的主要走势 趋势性上涨：在趋势性上涨的市场中，标的资产价格持续上升。 趋势性下跌：与趋势性上涨相反，趋势性下跌的市场中，标的资产价格持续下降。 震荡行情：在震荡行情中，标的资产价格在一个相对较窄的范围内波动，没有明显的上涨或下跌趋势。 高波动率行情：在高波动率的市场中，价格波动幅度较大，但没有明确的趋势方向。 低波动率行情：在低波动率的市场中，价格波动小，价格变动缓慢。 二、期权市场的主要玩法，源自：期权圈 1、看涨期权：看涨期权赋予期权持有人在未来买入期货合约的权利。当期货价格上涨超过期权的行权价格时，期权持有人可以选择行使期权，以行权价格 购买期货合约，并在市场价格高于行权价格时获利。 2、看跌期权：看跌期权赋予期权持有人在未来卖出期货合约的权利。当期货价格下跌低于期权的行权价格时，期权持有人可以选择行使期权，以行权价格 卖出期货合约，并在市场价格低于行权价格时获利。 3、卖出看涨期权：卖出看涨期权是期权的卖方 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The stock index futures market is in an upward trend, with electronics and non - bank finance contributing to the rise of major indices. The basis of each variety has strengthened significantly, and trading volume has increased month - on - month. For bond futures, the IRR of bond futures has declined this week, and the inter - period spread has been oscillating strongly. The commodity market has seen the profitability of term structure and trend momentum factors weaken, while volatility, term basis, and warehouse receipt factors have performed well [3][55][77]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Stock Index Futures Quantitative Strategy Tracking - **Market Review**: The market is on an upward trend. Electronics and non - bank finance contribute to the rise of CSI 300, SSE 50, and CSI 500 indices, while electronics and power equipment contribute to the rise of CSI 1000 index. The basis of each variety has strengthened significantly, and trading volume has increased month - on - month. IC and IM remain in a contango state [3]. - **Basis Strategy Recommendation**: Due to market sentiment, the basis of each variety has strengthened significantly. In the case of increased market volatility, the impact of market sentiment on the basis increases. For inter - period positive spreads, beware of the risk of large - scale fluctuations in the basis of far - month contracts caused by market speculation. The inter - period momentum signal recommends IC inter - period positive spreads, and the IM inter - period signal turns to reverse spreads. The roll - over strategy recommends holding near - month contracts to avoid short - term basis fluctuations caused by market conditions [3]. - **Arbitrage Strategy Tracking**: In the inter - period arbitrage strategy, the net value of the strategy last week showed mixed results. The annualized basis rate factor made a profit of 0.8%, while the positive spread and momentum factors lost 1.6% and 1.4% respectively (6 - times leverage). The annualized basis rate factor mostly gave reverse spread signals. The net value of the inter - variety arbitrage time - series synthetic strategy lost 0.5% last week, with losses mainly contributed by IF/IH and IC/IM pairings, and the IC/IF pairing made a profit. The latest inter - variety signal recommends a 100% position to go long on IC and short on IF, and a 50% position to go long on IM and short on IC [4]. - **Timing Strategy Tracking**: All models of the daily timing strategy lost last week. The single - factor equal - weight, OLS, and XGB models made a profit of 0.1%, lost 1.6%, and lost 0.8% respectively. The latest signal of the timing model shows that the bullish signal has strengthened. The XGB model is bullish on CSI 300 and CSI 500, and bearish on SSE 50 and CSI 1000. The OLS model is bullish on SSE 50, CSI 300, and CSI 500, and bearish on CSI 1000 [5]. 3.2 Treasury Bond Futures Quantitative Strategy - **This Week's Strategy Focus**: In terms of basis and inter - period spreads, the IRR of bond futures has declined this week, and the inter - period spread has been oscillating strongly. The subsequent positive spread space is limited, and the inter - period spread is expected to oscillate. The interest rate timing signal predicts an upward interest rate, and it is recommended to choose high - duration varieties for hedging. The multi - factor timing strategy signal is neutral. The inter - variety arbitrage strategy signals for TS - T and T - TL are both bullish. The credit bond neutral strategy currently holds the 1 - 3 - year index with reduced duration and hedges with treasury bond futures [55]. 3.3 Commodity CTA Factor and Tracking Strategy Performance - **Commodity Factor Performance**: Last week, the domestic commodity market generally continued the previous week's trend. The number of rising and falling futures products was basically half and half, and the overall risk preference slightly increased. The profitability of term structure and trend momentum factors continued to weaken and declined slightly last week. The best - performing factors were volatility, term basis, and warehouse receipt factors. In the short term, pay attention to the callback of CTA strategy returns caused by trend reversals [77]. - **Tracking Strategy Performance**: Different strategies have different performance indicators. For example, the CWFT strategy has an annualized return of 9.3%, a Sharpe ratio of 1.58, a Calmar ratio of 1.06, a maximum drawdown of - 8.81%, a return of 0.39% in the recent week, and a return of 1.44% since this year [78].

Report Information - Report title: Treasury Bond Derivatives Weekly Report - Report date: August 15, 2025 - Author: Xu Liang Z0002220 - Reviewer: Tang Yun Z0002422 Core Viewpoints - Bullish factors include monetary easing expectations providing support, a stable and loose funding environment with the DR007 central rate stable between 1.4% - 1.5%, and a weakened stock - bond seesaw effect reducing the pressure of capital outflows from the bond market [3] - Bearish factors are the increase in government bond supply, which is a short - term supply negative, and the continuous rise in market risk appetite leading to capital withdrawal from the bond market [3] - The trading advisory view is that institutional bond - selection thinking emphasizes the static curve and holding cost - effectiveness [3] Data Analysis Yield and Interest Rate - The report presents the historical data of 2Y, 5Y, 10Y, 30Y, and 7Y treasury bond yields from April 2024 to April 2025 [4] - It also shows the historical data of deposit - type institutional pledged repurchase weighted interest rates for 1 - day and 7 - day, as well as the 7 - day reverse repurchase rate from December 2023 to June 2025 [4] Term Spread - The historical data of the 7Y - 2Y and 30Y - 7Y treasury bond term spreads from April 2024 to April 2025 are presented [5] Futures Position and Trading Volume - The historical data of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond futures positions from December 2015 to December 2023 are shown [7] - The historical data of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond futures trading volumes from April 2024 to April 2025 are presented [7] Basis and Spread - The historical data of the basis of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond futures' current - quarter contracts are provided [8][9][10][15] - The historical data of the inter - quarterly spreads (current - quarter minus next - quarter) of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond futures are presented [12][13][16][17] - The historical data of the cross - variety spreads of TS*4 - T from April 2024 to April 2025 and T*3 - TL from June 2023 to June 2025 are shown [18][19]

Quantitative Models and Construction Methods 1. Model Name: Continuous Hedging Strategy - **Model Construction Idea**: This strategy is based on the analysis of basis convergence factors and optimization strategies, as detailed in the "Cinda Financial Engineering Derivatives Research Report Series III"[44] - **Model Construction Process**: - **Backtesting Period**: From July 22, 2022, to August 15, 2025[45] - **Spot Side**: Hold the total return index of the corresponding underlying index[45] - **Futures Side**: Use 70% of the funds for the spot side and allocate the same nominal principal amount to short futures contracts of CSI 500, CSI 300, SSE 50, and CSI 1000 indices, occupying the remaining 30% of the funds[45] - **Rebalancing Rules**: Continuously hold quarterly/monthly contracts until the remaining time to maturity is less than 2 days, then close the position at the closing price and simultaneously short the next quarterly/monthly contract at the closing price[45] - **Assumptions**: Equal allocation of principal between spot and futures sides, excluding transaction fees, impact costs, and the indivisibility of futures contracts[45] 2. Model Name: Minimum Basis Strategy - **Model Construction Idea**: This strategy selects contracts with the smallest annualized basis discount to optimize hedging performance[46] - **Model Construction Process**: - **Backtesting Period**: From July 22, 2022, to August 15, 2025[46] - **Spot Side**: Hold the total return index of the corresponding underlying index[46] - **Futures Side**: Use 70% of the funds for the spot side and allocate the same nominal principal amount to short futures contracts of CSI 500, CSI 300, SSE 50, and CSI 1000 indices, occupying the remaining 30% of the funds[46] - **Rebalancing Rules**: Calculate the annualized basis for all tradable futures contracts on the day of rebalancing and select the contract with the smallest basis discount for opening positions. Hold the same contract for 8 trading days or until the remaining time to maturity is less than 8 days before selecting a new contract[46] - **Assumptions**: Equal allocation of principal between spot and futures sides, excluding transaction fees, impact costs, and the indivisibility of futures contracts[46] --- Model Backtesting Results 1. Continuous Hedging Strategy - **CSI 500**: - Annualized Return: -3.00% (monthly), -2.17% (quarterly)[48] - Volatility: 3.82% (monthly), 4.71% (quarterly)[48] - Maximum Drawdown: -9.01% (monthly), -8.34% (quarterly)[48] - Net Value: 0.9112 (monthly), 0.9351 (quarterly)[48] - Annual Turnover: 12 (monthly), 4 (quarterly)[48] - 2025 YTD Return: -4.34% (monthly), -1.89% (quarterly)[48] - **CSI 300**: - Annualized Return: 0.42% (monthly), 0.57% (quarterly)[51] - Volatility: 2.97% (monthly), 3.32% (quarterly)[51] - Maximum Drawdown: -3.95% (monthly), -4.03% (quarterly)[51] - Net Value: 1.0128 (monthly), 1.0174 (quarterly)[51] - Annual Turnover: 12 (monthly), 4 (quarterly)[51] - 2025 YTD Return: -1.06% (monthly), -0.24% (quarterly)[51] - **SSE 50**: - Annualized Return: 0.98% (monthly), 1.87% (quarterly)[56] - Volatility: 3.08% (monthly), 3.50% (quarterly)[56] - Maximum Drawdown: -4.22% (monthly), -3.76% (quarterly)[56] - Net Value: 1.0301 (monthly), 1.0583 (quarterly)[56] - Annual Turnover: 12 (monthly), 4 (quarterly)[56] - 2025 YTD Return: -0.08% (monthly), 0.89% (quarterly)[56] - **CSI 1000**: - Annualized Return: -6.19% (monthly), -4.65% (quarterly)[60] - Volatility: 4.71% (monthly), 5.76% (quarterly)[60] - Maximum Drawdown: -14.01% (monthly), -12.63% (quarterly)[60] - Net Value: 0.8362 (monthly), 0.8654 (quarterly)[60] - Annual Turnover: 12 (monthly), 4 (quarterly)[60] - 2025 YTD Return: -10.21% (monthly), -5.84% (quarterly)[60] 2. Minimum Basis Strategy - **CSI 500**: - Annualized Return: -1.32%[48] - Volatility: 4.60%[48] - Maximum Drawdown: -7.97%[48] - Net Value: 0.9603[48] - Annual Turnover: 17.36[48] - 2025 YTD Return: -1.85%[48] - **CSI 300**: - Annualized Return: 1.22%[51] - Volatility: 3.10%[51] - Maximum Drawdown: -4.06%[51] - Net Value: 1.0378[51] - Annual Turnover: 15.39[51] - 2025 YTD Return: 0.41%[51] - **SSE 50**: - Annualized Return: 1.64%[56] - Volatility: 3.10%[56] - Maximum Drawdown: -3.91%[56] - Net Value: 1.0509[56] - Annual Turnover: 16.05[56] - 2025 YTD Return: 0.97%[56] - **CSI 1000**: - Annualized Return: -4.02%[60] - Volatility: 5.56%[60] - Maximum Drawdown: -11.11%[60] - Net Value: 0.8720[60] - Annual Turnover: 15.97[60] - 2025 YTD Return: -5.09%[60] --- Quantitative Factors and Construction Methods 1. Factor Name: Cinda-VIX - **Factor Construction Idea**: Reflects investors' expectations of future volatility in the options market, with a term structure to capture expectations over different time horizons[62] - **Factor Construction Process**: Adjusted based on overseas methodologies and tailored to China's options market[62] - **Factor Evaluation**: Provides insights into market volatility expectations and serves as a valuable tool for risk management[62] 2. Factor Name: Cinda-SKEW - **Factor Construction Idea**: Measures the skewness of implied volatility across different strike prices, capturing market expectations of tail risks[69] - **Factor Construction Process**: Analyzes the slope of implied volatility to assess market sentiment towards extreme events[69] - **Factor Evaluation**: Useful for identifying market concerns about potential large-scale risks, often referred to as the "Black Swan Index"[70] --- Factor Backtesting Results 1. Cinda-VIX - **30-Day VIX Values**: - SSE 50: 24.25[62] - CSI 300: 24.25[62] - CSI 500: 28.09[62] - CSI 1000: 27.87[62] 2. Cinda-SKEW - **SKEW Values**: - SSE 50: 100.82[70] - CSI 300: 105.10[70] - CSI 500: 99.01[70] - CSI 1000: 109.56[70]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the given content 2. Core View of the Report - The trading activity in the financial options market has increased, and the bullish sentiment has risen. It is advisable to consider the bull call spread strategy [1] 3. Summary by Relevant Sections 3.1 Option Market Trading Overview - The total daily average call volume across all options is 600.78 million lots, the put volume is 426.02 million lots, and the total volume is 1026.80 million lots. The total daily average call open interest is 482.27 million lots, the put open interest is 487.63 million lots, and the total open interest is 969.91 million lots. The total daily average call turnover is 6.4715821 billion yuan, the put turnover is 2.7525962 billion yuan, and the total turnover is 9.2241783 billion yuan [1] 3.2 Option Volatility Statistics - On the last trading day of the week, for different options such as the SSE 50 Index Option, the ATM - IV, IV change, same - term HV, HV change, Skew, Skew change, VIX, and VIX change are presented. For example, the SSE 50 Index Option has an ATM - IV of 17.62% with a 2.39% change, a same - term HV of 8.32% with a - 0.01% change, etc. [3] 3.3 Option Liquidity - Figures show the changes in total trading volume, total open interest, total turnover, total trading market value, and total open interest market value of financial options, as well as the trading volume and open interest proportions of each option variety [1][4][5][7][9] 3.4 Option Volatility Level - Comparing the at - the - money implied volatility (ATM - IV) and historical volatility (HV) of various options, last week, the ATM - IV and HV of most options showed signs of convergence (except for the GEM ETF Option which showed signs of divergence). The current ATM - IV values for different options range from 15.06% to 30.13%. There is a positive correlation between the underlying asset and the ATM - IV, with correlation coefficients ranging from 80.22% to 98.09% [10][12][14][17][19][21][25][27][29][31][34][36][37] 3.5 Option Market Bull - Bear Sentiment - The Put - Call - Ratio (PCR) indicator of options can reflect the market's bull - bear sentiment to some extent. Figures show the PCR trends and daily环比 incremental percentages of different options [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][48] 3.6 Market Support and Resistance Levels - The key support and resistance levels for different option underlying assets are provided. For example, the SSE 50 Index has a key support level of 2800 and a resistance level of 3200; the CSI 1000 Index has a key support level of 6000 and a resistance level of 7000, etc. [48]