智通财经APP获悉，交易员们越来越担心今年的美股上涨可能即将结束，因而进行对冲保护。尽管标普 500指数今年迄今仍上涨了超过 12%，但交易员们仍在争相锁定收益，尤其是在科技股方面。纳指100 ETF的期权价格相较于SPDR标普500指数ETF的期权价格接近自 2024 年 8 月以来的最高水平。 标普500指数刚刚创下了自 6 月以来最大的单周波动幅度。英伟达(NVDA.US)的良好业绩以及黄仁勋对 人工智能并非处于泡沫状态的保证，并未能平复投资者的紧张情绪。与此同时，比特币自上个月创下历 史新高以来已贬值约三分之一，人们对美联储降息预期也在降温。 上周四，市场恐慌情绪再度凸显。在英伟达公布财报后，市场情绪一度迅速上涨，但随后又迅速回落。 当天，美股出现了自 4 月 8 日(当时正值关税抛售的高峰期)以来最大的高点到低点的波动幅度，芝加哥 期权交易所VIX波动率指数也收于自 4 月以来的最高水平。 Oraclum Capital(一家活跃于短期期权市场的对冲基金)首席投资官Vuk Vukovic上周五开玩笑说道："凡 是昨天还在高位买入期权的人，今天就可以退休了。"他表示，像周四那样的市场压力时刻"对我们有 ...

波动率在期权交易中的特性 J 免责声明 本信息不拘成任何投资建议,投资者不应 以该等信息取代其独立判断或仅根据该等 信息做出决策。本信息根据当前法律法规 规则的相关规定形成解答,方便市场主体 参考使用。法律法规规则如有变化,以最 新规定的要求为准。我们力求本材料信息 准确可靠,但对这些信息的准确性或完整 性不作保证,亦不对因使用该等信息而引 发的损失承担任何责任。更多投资知识, 投资者关注"上交所ETF之家"及"上交 所期权之家"微信公众号。 上交所期权之家 上交所ETF之家 公众号 公众号 免责声明 以提前知道其发生的时间窗口,但是其结果 往往存在重大不确定性。对此,可以在期权 市场通过提前买入跨式策略,来做多波动 部 三是隐含波动率相比实际波动率存在一 定的高估。研究表明,在期权市场,隐含波 动率往往高于实际波动率，这可能是因为投 资者为降低不确定性所支付的风险溢价 。 所以通常而言,只要市场不发生黑天鹅事 件,卖出期权的投资者往往可以获得较为稳 定的收益。 四是无套利性。在期权市场上存在众多 合约,合约之间的隐含波动率往往存在某种 关联,比如说某个执行价的合约隐含波动率 偏高,而其上下一档合约的波动率都 ...

登录新浪财经APP 搜索【信披】查看更多考评等级 "买基金如开盲盒"的现象，终于迎来监管重拳！近期，证监会发布了《公开募集证券投资基金业绩比较 基准指引（征求意见稿）》（下称《指引》），中国基金业协会同步发布了《公开募集证券投资基金业 绩比较基准操作细则（征求意见稿）》（下称《细则》），直击"货不对板""风格漂移"等行业顽疾。那 么，这套新规到底如何让咱们把钱投得更明白？今天，诺德基金就来给广大投资者们一一拆解！ 到底什么是业绩比较基准？ 首先，这个被反复提及的"业绩比较基准"，到底是什么呢？ 它其实就是基金投资的"锚"和"尺"，具体来说主要有三个核心作用： 第一，定位产品属性，明确风险收益特征。 业绩基准通常由股票、债券等指数按一定比例构成，能较为直接地反映出基金的大类资产配置方向。例 如，若某基金的基准是"沪深300指数收益率×80% + 中债总指数收益率×20%"，那么就说明它是一只偏 股型基金，预期风险和收益都是相对较高的。 第二，检验投资策略是否"言行一致"。 投资者可依据基准，来在一定程度上判断基金的实际持仓是否偏离其宣称的风格。例如，名为"低碳主 题"的基金若重仓白酒股，就像专营川菜的餐厅却卖起 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the diverse opportunities and risks in the futures market, emphasizing the differentiation between bullish and bearish trends across various sectors, particularly in stock indices and certain commodities like iron ore and sugar [43]. Group 1: Stock Index Futures - Key bullish varieties include the CSI 500 futures (IC) and CSI 1000 futures (IM), indicating a "Good Curve Long" signal, while the CSI 300 futures (IF) show a "Curve Long" signal and the SSE 50 futures (IH) are "Maybe Curve Long," suggesting an overall bullish sentiment [2]. - The market is currently in a "Consolidation" phase, indicating a period of adjustment [3]. - The volatility of stock index futures is relatively low, with a Vol/Roll ratio between 1.4 and 5.0, and a moderate rolling Sharpe ratio of approximately 0.2 to 0.7, indicating active trading with manageable volatility [4]. - High positive correlation exists among IH, IF, IC, and IM, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.68 to 0.94, reflecting strong interconnectivity within the sector [5]. - Investment opportunities lie in bullish positions for IC and IM due to strong curve structures and high annualized rolling returns (IC at 7.35%, IM at 10.69%), while IF and IH serve as auxiliary bullish positions suitable for low-cost accumulation during consolidation [6]. - The core logic suggests that small-cap stocks are relatively strong, benefiting from structural policy support and growth expectations, although the overall market lacks trend momentum and requires a breakout signal [8]. Group 2: Government Bond Futures - No clear curve signals are present for 2-year (TS), 5-year (TF), 10-year (T), and 30-year (TL) government bond futures, with all market states classified as "Consolidation" [9]. - Annualized rolling returns are negative (TS -0.26%, TF -0.26%, T -0.02%, TL 0.54%), indicating yield pressure [9]. - The volatility is low, with a Vol/Roll ratio between 0.0004 and 0.0027, and a varied rolling Sharpe ratio (TS at 0.43, T at 0.01), reflecting subdued trading activity and weak returns [10]. - Given the lack of clear direction, it is advised to remain observant or engage in light arbitrage, such as utilizing term spread changes [11]. - The core logic indicates that economic recovery and inflation expectations suppress the bond market, while safe-haven demand provides support, leading to a continued oscillating pattern [13]. Group 3: Precious Metals - Both gold (AU) and silver (AG) are classified as "Maybe Curve Short," but the market state is "Long," indicating a divergence between technical indicators and market conditions [14]. - Annualized rolling returns are negative (AU -2.24%, AG -2.11%), reflecting a bearish curve structure [14]. - The volatility is moderate, with a Vol/Roll ratio around 0.017 to 0.021, and low rolling Sharpe ratios (AU 0.08, AG 0.06), indicating active trading but poor returns [15]. - Cautious bearish positions are suggested, with attention to potential short-selling opportunities after rebounds or utilizing AU-AG price spread arbitrage [16]. - The core logic suggests that actual interest rates and dollar strength dominate prices, with a bearish technical outlook but support from safe-haven sentiment, leading to short-term weakness [18]. Group 4: Base Metals - Copper (CU) and international copper (BC) show no curve signals, with market states classified as "Long" or "Consolidation"; zinc (ZN) is "Maybe Curve Long," while nickel (NI) is "Short" [19]. - Annualized rolling returns vary (CU -0.28%, ZN 2.14%, NI -0.87%) [19]. - The volatility is moderate, with a Vol/Roll ratio between 0.005 and 0.011, and generally low rolling Sharpe ratios (CU 0.02, ZN 0.24), indicating stable trading [20]. - Zinc presents a clear long opportunity due to its bullish curve and positive returns, while nickel's clear bearish trend suggests short-selling at high points [21]. - The core logic indicates that supply-demand balance drives prices, with support from Chinese infrastructure and new energy demand for copper and zinc, but uncertainties arise from inventory levels and macro sentiment [23]. Group 5: Black Metals - Iron ore (I) is identified as "Good Curve Long," while coking coal (JM) is "Good Curve Short," and both coke (J) and rebar (RB) are "Maybe Curve Short" [24]. - Annualized rolling returns vary (I 6.49%, JM -5.35%) [25]. - The volatility is relatively high, with a Vol/Roll ratio around 0.010 to 0.024, and moderate rolling Sharpe ratios (I 0.39, JM 0.14), indicating active trading [26]. - Iron ore presents significant bullish opportunities, supported by positive returns and curve backing, while coking coal and coke show clear bearish trends suitable for short-selling [27]. - The core logic suggests that environmental policies and production cut expectations support iron ore, while weak terminal demand suppresses coking coal and coke, leading to notable sector differentiation [29]. Group 6: Energy and Chemicals - Crude oil (SC) and low-sulfur fuel oil (LU) are "Curve Long," while fuel oil (FU) is "Good Curve Long" but in a "Short" market state, and asphalt (BU) is "Curve Long" but also "Short" [30]. - Annualized rolling returns vary (SC 3.31%, FU 6.76%, BU 3.09%) [31]. - The volatility is moderate, with a Vol/Roll ratio between 0.014 and 0.026, and varied rolling Sharpe ratios (SC 0.14, FU 0.29), indicating strong interconnectivity within the sector [32]. - High-value bullish positions are recommended for SC and LU, benefiting from curve support and positive returns, while FU and BU require cautious validation due to their bearish market states [33]. - The core logic indicates that global crude oil supply-demand tightness supports prices, but downstream demand differentiation and chemical products are influenced by both cost and demand factors [36]. Group 7: Agricultural Products - Sugar (SR) is "Curve Long," soybean (A) is "Maybe Curve Long," palm oil (P) is "Good Curve Long" but in a "Short" market state, while rapeseed oil (OI) and rapeseed meal (RM) are "Maybe Curve Short," and live hogs (LH) and eggs (JD) are "Curve Short" [37]. - Annualized rolling returns vary (SR 3.58%, P 7.81%, LH -3.64%) [37]. - The volatility ranges from low to moderate, with a Vol/Roll ratio between 0.004 and 0.015, and moderate rolling Sharpe ratios (SR 0.56, LH 0.16) [38]. - Clear bullish opportunities exist for sugar and soybean, benefiting from curve support and positive returns, while palm oil's bullish curve requires waiting for stronger signals, and live hogs and eggs show clear bearish trends suitable for short-selling [40]. - The core logic indicates that supply-side factors (planting area, yield) and demand-side factors (feed, consumption) dominate, with significant differentiation among varieties and a need to monitor seasonal factors and global trade flows [42].

Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No investment rating information is provided in the report. 2. Core View of the Report - On November 11, the A - share market showed weak consolidation with a slowdown in sector rotation. The Shanghai Composite Index fell 0.39% to 4002.76 points, the Shenzhen Component Index dropped 1.03%, the ChiNext Index declined 1.4%, the BeiStock 50 decreased 1.02%, the STAR 50 fell 1.42%, the Wind All - A dropped 0.51%, the Wind A500 declined 0.97%, and the CSI A500 decreased 0.84%. The full - day trading volume of A - shares was 2.01 trillion yuan, compared with 2.19 trillion yuan the previous day [5]. 3. Summary by Related Catalogs 3.1 Market Index Performance - **Index Closing Prices and Changes**: The closing price of the Shanghai Stock Exchange 50 was 3034.6329, down 0.63%, with a trading volume of 41.04 billion yuan and a trading volume of 4776.29 million. The CSI 300 closed at 4652.1655, down 0.91%, with a trading volume of 7540.791 billion yuan and a trading volume of 265.25 million. The CSI 1000 decreased by 0.30% with a trading volume of 4048.67 [3]. 3.2 CFFEX Stock Index Options Trading - **Option Trading Volume and Open Interest**: For the Shanghai Stock Exchange 50, the call option trading volume was 3.13 million, the put option trading volume was 0.73 million, the total trading volume was 3.49 million, the call option open interest was 2.11 million, the put option open interest was 0.66 million, and the total open interest was 7.42 million. For the CSI 300, the call option trading volume was 12.06 million, the put option trading volume was 7.43 million, the total trading volume was 21.23 million, the call option open interest was 4.63 million, and the put option open interest was 11.48 million. For the CSI 1000, the call option trading volume was 22.95 million, the put option trading volume was 12.34 million, the total trading volume was 32.04 million, the call option open interest was 15.31 million, and the put option open interest was 16.73 million [3]. 3.3 Volatility Analysis - **Historical Volatility and Volatility Smile Curves**: Historical volatility cones and volatility smile curves are provided for the Shanghai Stock Exchange 50, CSI 300, and CSI 1000. For example, the Shanghai Stock Exchange 50 historical volatility cone shows values such as the 10% - quantile, 30% - quantile, minimum, maximum, 90% - quantile, and the current value, and the next - month at - the - money implied volatility curve is also presented [3][4].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the content 2. Core Views of the Report - The stock market is in a state of volume - shrinking adjustment, with the view for November remaining volatile, waiting for the spring rally. The bond market curve continues to flatten, and it is expected to be volatile and slightly bullish. For stock index options, the decline persists, and a covered call strategy is recommended for defense [1][3][7] 3. Summary by Related Catalogs 3.1 Market Views 3.1.1 Stock Index Futures - Yesterday, the equity market had a volume - shrinking adjustment, with some indexes like Beizheng 50 and Kechuang 200 falling over 2%. The market volume dropped below 2 trillion. Only the dividend index rose, and banks and consumer services performed well. The decline is related to the weak Asia - Pacific market. The view for November is volatile, and it is advisable to hold IM + dividend index [1][7] 3.1.2 Stock Index Options - The underlying market continued to decline yesterday, with small - and medium - cap stocks having a larger pullback. The option market's turnover increased by 2.24% to 93.16 billion yuan, and liquidity was basically flat. It is recommended to use a covered call strategy for defense [2][7] 3.1.3 Treasury Bond Futures - Yesterday, most treasury bond futures closed down, with the 30 - year contract up 0.03%, the 10 - year flat, and the 5 - year and 2 - year down 0.01%. The yield of major inter - bank interest - rate bonds mostly rose, and the curve flattened. It is expected to be volatile and slightly bullish, and different strategies are recommended for different trading purposes [3][8][9] 3.2 Economic Calendar - China's October SPGI manufacturing PMI was 50.6 (previous value 51.2, forecast 50.9), and the US October ISM manufacturing PMI was 48.7 (previous value 49.1, forecast 49.5). Other data such as the US October ADP employment change, China's October trade balance, and the US November Michigan consumer confidence index are yet to be released [10] 3.3 Important Information and News Tracking - On November 4, Fed Governor Cook said that each Fed meeting is real - time for monetary policy, and there is a possibility of a rate cut in December depending on new information. Recently, a draft for public comments on the performance comparison benchmark element library of public funds was issued. The central bank's net investment in open - market treasury bonds in October was 20 billion yuan, with 200 billion yuan in medium - term lending facilities and 400 billion yuan in repurchase agreements [11] 3.4 Derivatives Market Monitoring - The content only mentions the headings for stock index futures, stock index options, and treasury bond futures data, but no specific data summaries are provided [12][16][28]

Core Viewpoint - The overall trading activity in the market has continued to decline, with certain sectors maintaining high trading heat, while the investment sentiment shows signs of fluctuation due to net selling from northbound capital [1][10]. Macro Liquidity - The US dollar index has rebounded, and the degree of "inverted" interest rates between China and the US has narrowed. The nominal and real interest rates of 10-year US Treasury bonds have remained unchanged or decreased, with inflation expectations rising. Offshore dollar liquidity has loosened, and the domestic interbank funding environment is balanced and relatively loose, with the yield curve spread (10Y-1Y) narrowing [2]. Trading Heat, Volatility, and Liquidity - Market trading heat has declined, with the volatility of major indices also decreasing. Sectors such as real estate, textile and apparel, construction, electricity and public utilities, banking, and coal have trading heat above the 80th percentile, while the volatility of communication and electronics is also above the 80th historical percentile [3]. Institutional Research - The sectors with the highest research activity include electronics, pharmaceuticals, non-ferrous metals, communications, and machinery, while sectors like consumer services, light industry, chemicals, steel, and non-ferrous metals have seen a month-on-month increase in research heat [4]. Analyst Forecasts - Profit forecasts for the years 2025 and 2026 for the entire A-share market have been raised. Specifically, profit forecasts for sectors such as finance, non-ferrous metals, machinery, coal, and electric power have been increased. Index-wise, profit forecasts for the Shanghai 50, CSI 300, and ChiNext have been raised, while the CSI 500 has seen mixed adjustments. In terms of investment style, profit forecasts for large-cap, mid-cap growth, and value stocks have been increased, while small-cap growth stocks have been downgraded [5]. Northbound Activity - Northbound trading activity has decreased, with a net selling trend overall. The trading pattern has shifted between "net buying - net selling - net buying." In terms of the top 10 active stocks, the buying and selling ratio in sectors like communications, non-ferrous metals, and banking has increased, while it has decreased in automotive, non-bank financials, and electronics. Northbound capital has mainly net bought in sectors like pharmaceuticals and non-ferrous metals, while net selling occurred in electronics, communications, and food and beverage sectors [6]. Margin Financing Activity - Margin financing activity has slightly rebounded, with a net purchase of 27 billion yuan last week. The main net purchases were in sectors like electronics, communications, and non-bank financials, while net selling occurred in automotive, non-ferrous metals, and machinery sectors. The financing buy-in ratio has notably increased in communications, home appliances, and non-bank financials [7]. Dragon and Tiger List Trading - The trading activity on the Dragon and Tiger list has continued to decline, although the total trading amount on this list as a percentage of total A-share trading has increased. Sectors such as coal, building materials, and oil and petrochemicals have a relatively high and rising proportion of trading on the Dragon and Tiger list [8]. Active Equity Fund Positioning - The active equity funds have seen a decrease in positions, with net inflows into sectors like communications, electronics, and computers, while reducing positions in home appliances, banking, and food and beverage sectors. The correlation between active equity funds and large/mid-cap growth and small-cap value has increased. New equity fund establishment has seen a rebound in scale, with active and passive fund sizes decreasing and increasing respectively. ETFs have experienced net redemptions, primarily in personal ETFs [9][10].

Core Viewpoint - Recent volatility in gold prices has led to a significant downturn after a two-month surge, prompting investors to reconsider their strategies [1][3] Short-term Outlook - Gold is currently not a wise investment choice due to high leverage in gold ETFs and a crowded "long gold" trade, leading to rapid price declines from historical highs [1][3] - Investors are advised to wait for gold prices to reach the $3,800-$3,900 per ounce range for potential buying opportunities [1][9] Long-term Outlook - A quantitative model indicates that the gold price center is projected to be $4,814 per ounce by 2026, suggesting that gold still holds long-term investment value [2][10] - The model is based on macroeconomic indicators, with a neutral assumption placing the price center at $3,886 per ounce in the second half of 2025, reinforcing the $3,800-$3,900 range as a significant support level [9][10] Investment Strategy - For short-term trading funds, the best strategy is to remain on the sidelines until volatility decreases significantly, as trading in high-volatility environments yields lower profit margins [3][4] - Long-term investors should look for opportunities to accumulate positions in the $3,800-$3,900 per ounce range, which is identified as a fundamental support level [3][9] Market Dynamics - Historical analysis shows that a return to low volatility is a prerequisite for the initiation of new upward or downward trends in gold prices [4][10] - The ongoing trend of central banks increasing gold reserves is expected to continue, particularly in light of rising debt risks in developed markets [10]

Macro Liquidity - The US dollar index has rebounded, and the degree of "inversion" in the China-US interest rate spread has narrowed. The nominal/real interest rates of 10Y US Treasuries remained unchanged or declined, with inflation expectations rising [1][15]. - Offshore dollar liquidity has generally loosened, and the domestic interbank funding environment is balanced and slightly loose, with the term spread (10Y-1Y) narrowing [1][22]. Market Trading Activity - Overall market trading activity has continued to decline, with volatility across major indices also decreasing. More than half of the sectors still have trading activity above the 80th percentile [2][29]. - The volatility of major indices has decreased, while the volatility of the communication and electronics sectors remains above the 80th percentile [2][34]. Institutional Research - The electronic, pharmaceutical, non-ferrous metals, communication, and machinery sectors have seen high research activity, with consumer services, light industry, chemicals, steel, and non-ferrous metals sectors experiencing a month-on-month increase in research activity [3][46]. Analyst Forecasts - Analysts have continued to raise net profit forecasts for the entire A-share market for 2025/2026. The proportion of stocks with upward revisions in net profit forecasts has increased [4][52]. - The net profit forecasts for the financial, non-ferrous metals, machinery, coal, and electric new energy sectors for 2025/2026 have been raised [4][21]. - The net profit forecasts for the Shanghai 50, CSI 300, and ChiNext indices for 2025/2026 have been increased, while the CSI 500 index has seen mixed adjustments [4][23]. Northbound Trading Activity - Northbound trading activity has declined, continuing a net selling trend in A-shares. The trading volume ratio in sectors such as communication, non-ferrous metals, and banking has increased, while it has decreased in automotive, non-bank financials, and electronics [5][31]. - Northbound trading has mainly net bought in the pharmaceutical, non-ferrous metals, and electric new energy sectors, while net selling occurred in electronics, communication, and food and beverage sectors [5][33]. Margin Financing Activity - Margin financing activity has seen a slight rebound, with a net purchase of 27 billion yuan last week. The main net purchases were in the electronic, communication, and non-bank financial sectors, while net sales occurred in automotive, non-ferrous metals, and machinery sectors [6][35]. Hot Stocks Trading - The trading volume on the "Dragon and Tiger List" has continued to decline, but the total trading volume on this list as a percentage of total A-share trading has increased. Sectors such as coal, building materials, and oil and petrochemicals have a relatively high and rising proportion of trading volume on this list [7][41]. Active Equity Fund Positions - The positions of actively managed equity funds have decreased, while ETFs have seen overall net redemptions. Actively managed equity funds have mainly increased positions in communication, electronics, and computing sectors, while reducing positions in home appliances, banking, and food and beverage sectors [8][45]. - The correlation between actively managed equity funds and large/mid-cap growth and small-cap value has increased [8][48]. - New equity fund establishment has increased, with the scale of actively managed funds decreasing and passively managed funds increasing [8][50].

Group 1: Overall Market Performance - Most domestic commodity futures rose, with the black - series leading the gains [1] - The CSI 300 futures had a daily increase of 0.38%, a weekly increase of 28.55, a quarterly decrease of 0.81%, and a year - to - date increase of 16.83% [3] - The Shanghai Stock Exchange 50 futures had a daily increase of 2.05%, a weekly increase of 10.18, and a year - to - date increase of 12.91% [3] Group 2: Macroeconomic Analysis Overseas Macro - The current volatility level in the overseas macro - environment is in a low - level accumulation stage. The "bad news is good news" logic may be coming to an end, and the internal volatility energy in the US is being accumulated, with a possible staged increase [7] - The US economic aggregate showed little growth, with a "K - shaped" structural characteristic. Government shutdown may widen the error and expected difference in inflation data. US regional banks are under pressure again [7] Domestic Macro - China's economic and financial data in September showed relative resilience, with structural highlights. Policy expectations were further strengthened, which is expected to boost physical work volume in the fourth quarter [7] - China's Q3 GDP increased by 4.8% year - on - year, and the cumulative GDP in the first three quarters increased by 5.2% year - on - year. September's social retail sales increased by 3.0% year - on - year [7] Group 3: Asset Views - There is a risk of increased volatility in global major assets next week. In the overseas market, the catalytic elasticity of government shutdown and data vacuum on interest - rate cut expectations has decreased, and the marginal support for risk assets may decline [7] - In the domestic market, with marginal changes in policy, physical work volume may rebound in the fourth quarter. Low - valued domestic commodity assets that were under pressure may have a rebound opportunity [7] Group 4: View Highlights Financial - Stock index futures are expected to fluctuate and rise due to technology - event - catalyzed active growth styles, with concerns about the crowding of small - and micro - cap funds [8] - Stock index options are expected to fluctuate as the overall market turnover declined slightly, with concerns about the insufficient liquidity in the options market [8] Precious Metals - Gold and silver are in a short - term adjustment stage due to geopolitical and trade easing, and are expected to fluctuate, with attention to the US fundamentals, Fed's monetary policy, and global equity market trends [8] Shipping - Container shipping on the European line is expected to fluctuate as the peak season in the third quarter has passed, and there is a lack of upward - driving force, with attention to the rate of freight - price decline in September [8] Black Building Materials - Steel is expected to fluctuate as its fundamentals have marginally improved, with attention to the progress of special - bond issuance, steel exports, and hot - metal production [8] Energy Chemical - Crude oil is expected to fluctuate due to increased geopolitical risks and challenges to Russian oil exports, with attention to OPEC+ production policies and the Middle - East geopolitical situation [10] Agriculture - Grains and oilseeds are expected to fluctuate. For example, soybean meal had a short - term rebound due to short - covering, with attention to weather, domestic demand, and trade frictions [10]