Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the performance differences among various index funds, particularly focusing on the volatility and returns of large-cap and small-cap indices over the past decade, highlighting the challenges in choosing the best investment strategy among them [3][5][24]. Performance Analysis of Different Indices - Historical data shows significant performance disparities among indices of different sizes over the past ten years, with the 中证2000 exhibiting the highest volatility and returns during bullish phases, while the 沪深300 remains relatively stable [5][7]. - The 中证全指 demonstrates a balanced performance, generally staying within a moderate range with fewer extreme fluctuations compared to other indices [5][7]. Bull Market Performance - In 2014, all five indices saw substantial gains, with 沪深300 and 中证2000 both around 50%, while 中证全指, 中证500, and 中证1000 had returns between 30%-45% [10]. - The year 2015 marked extreme differentiation, with 中证2000 soaring over 100%, while 沪深300 showed minimal growth [11]. - In 2019, all indices rose moderately, with gains concentrated in the 20%-35% range, favoring 沪深300 and 中证全指 slightly [12]. - The year 2020 saw a general tightening of gains, with most indices recording increases between 10%-20%, and 沪深300 slightly outperforming small-cap indices [13]. Bear Market Performance - During bear markets, indices generally experienced significant declines, with the depth of the drop closely related to market capitalization structure [17]. - In 2016, the 中证全指 and 沪深300 fell by 5%-8%, while 中证500 and 中证1000 dropped by 10%-15%, and 中证2000 remained relatively stable [17]. - The year 2018 witnessed a severe downturn, with 中证1000 and 中证2000 suffering losses of nearly 40% and over 35%, respectively, while large-cap indices also faced declines exceeding 25% [18]. - In 2022, all indices recorded declines in the 15%-25% range, with small-cap indices and 中证全指 experiencing slightly larger drops, while 沪深300 fared better [19]. - In 2023, most indices recorded slight declines or remained flat, with only 中证2000 achieving approximately 2% positive returns, indicating that small-cap indices often bear greater adjustment pressure in bear markets [20]. Summary of Returns and Volatility - 中证2000 has the highest cumulative return at nearly 197% with an annualized return of 10.19% and a volatility of 28.26%, indicating high elasticity and risk [23]. - 中证全指 and 沪深300 show long-term returns of 84.46% and 79.11%, respectively, with annualized returns in the 5%-6% range and lower volatility, reflecting stability and balanced returns [23]. - 中证500 and 中证1000 fall in between, with cumulative returns of 67.92% and 55.63%, annualized returns slightly below 5%, and volatility ranging from 21%-27% [23]. Investment Strategy Recommendations - The article suggests that small-cap indices perform better during favorable market conditions but come with higher volatility and drawdown risks, while large-cap and broad-based indices offer more stable returns [24]. - A diversified investment approach, such as balancing large-cap and small-cap allocations and integrating growth and value styles, is recommended to enhance adaptability across different market conditions [24].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the importance of understanding different stock indices, particularly the Shanghai Composite Index and the Shenzhen Composite Index, for making informed investment decisions in the Chinese stock market [5][9]. Group 1: Index Characteristics - The Shanghai Composite Index includes only stocks listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, while the Shenzhen Composite Index includes stocks from the Shenzhen Stock Exchange and the ChiNext board [5][9]. - Historically, from 2019 to 2021, the Shenzhen stocks experienced greater price increases compared to Shanghai stocks, indicating a disparity in performance during bull markets [5][6]. - The Shanghai stocks tend to have more value-oriented characteristics, resulting in smaller price fluctuations during both bull and bear markets [6][7]. Group 2: Market Performance - The overall performance of the A-share market is better assessed by looking at both the Shanghai and Shenzhen indices, as they each represent about half of the A-share market [9]. - The CSI All Share Index, which includes all listed companies from both exchanges, saw an approximate 80% increase from 2019 to 2021, reaching over 6000 points at its peak [10].

Group 1: Core Insights - The report emphasizes the importance of growth factors in investment strategies, highlighting various indices that represent growth styles [10][12][24] - It identifies three main expressions of growth styles: absolute growth, relative growth, and cash flow growth, each with specific metrics and methodologies for evaluation [15][24][28] Group 2: Growth Factors - The report defines several growth factors, including net profit growth, operating profit growth, and revenue growth, with specific calculation methods outlined for each [15][18] - Correlation analysis among growth factors shows strong relationships, indicating that net profit growth has a 100% correlation with itself and significant correlations with other factors like operating profit growth (94.22%) and revenue growth (52.02%) [18][21] Group 3: Growth Style Performance - Backtesting results indicate that absolute growth composite strategies yield excess returns across various indices, with the highest information ratio observed in the CSI 300 index [21][28] - The report presents performance metrics for different growth styles, showing that the SUE (Surprise Earnings) factor and analyst forecast growth have significant positive impacts on returns [24][28]

Group 1 - The risk premium percentile of the CSI All Share Index is 71.95%, indicating that the market has returned from a high return area to a normal return area [1][8] - The price-to-book ratio percentile of the CSI All Share Index is 21.54%, suggesting that the market has returned from an undervalued state to a normal but slightly undervalued state [12] - The Shanghai Composite Index and CSI 800 are still in an undervalued state, warranting close attention [13] Group 2 - The CSI All Share Index's deviation rate is -0.03%, indicating that the overall price level of the market is in a normal range [16] - The ChiNext 50 has returned to a basic normal range after two months of recovery from an oversold state [19] - Over the past six months, the performance of value and growth styles has varied, and the value vs. growth style has yet to be defined, with future trends still to be observed [23] Group 3 - The performance of low valuation styles has generally been superior over the past six months, but high valuation styles have shown strong performance in the past month, suggesting investors should closely monitor the potential transition between high and low valuation styles [27] - Small-cap styles have significantly outperformed over the past six months, indicating a need for future focus on small-cap style targets [29] Group 4 - There has been a certain degree of excess return for convertible bonds relative to the CSI All Share Index over the past six months, suggesting that investors should consider convertible bond varieties from an asset allocation perspective [2][44] - Different types of convertible bonds have shown varying performance over the past six months, with a recommendation to focus on equity-oriented targets [48] Group 5 - The report emphasizes the importance of market style rotation, highlighting the differences in performance between value vs. growth, low vs. high valuation, and large vs. small capitalization stocks [20][21] - The report identifies that the performance of small-cap stocks has been notably superior, suggesting a focus on small-cap style targets moving forward [29] Group 6 - The report discusses industry/theme index rotation, focusing on low valuation rotation and dual momentum rotation strategies [33][34] - A selection of reference targets based on valuation factors or momentum factors is provided for investors to consider [37]

Key Points - The report indicates that the risk premium percentile of the CSI All Share Index is 80.41%, suggesting that the market is in a high return zone [1][5] - The report highlights that the price-to-book ratio percentile of the CSI All Share Index is 8.98%, indicating that the market is in a state of severe undervaluation [1][10] - The report notes that the deviation rate of the CSI All Share Index is -4.03%, suggesting that the overall price level of the market is in a normal range [1][13] - The report suggests that the performance of the value style has been significantly superior over the past six months, recommending a focus on value style targets [1][21] - The report also indicates that the performance of the low valuation style has been notably superior over the past six months, advising attention to low valuation style targets [1][24] - The report states that the performance of the small-cap style has been significantly superior over the past six months, recommending a focus on small-cap style targets [1][26] - The report identifies that there has been a certain degree of excess return for convertible bonds relative to the CSI All Share Index over the past six months, suggesting investors pay attention to convertible bond varieties from an asset allocation perspective [1][40]

Quantitative Models and Construction Methods 1. Model Name: Basic Risk Parity Model - **Model Construction Idea**: The model ensures that each asset in the portfolio contributes equally to the overall portfolio risk[20][23] - **Model Construction Process**: - Let the return vector of assets at time T be **r** and the weight vector be **w** - Covariance between assets is denoted as **Σ**, and the portfolio's return and volatility are: $$ \sigma(w) = \sqrt{w^T \Sigma w} $$ - Marginal Risk Contribution (MRC) and Risk Contribution (RC) for asset i are: $$ MRC_i = \frac{\partial \sigma(w)}{\partial w_i} = \frac{(\Sigma w)_i}{\sqrt{w^T \Sigma w}} $$ $$ RC_i = w_i \cdot MRC_i = w_i \cdot \frac{(\Sigma w)_i}{\sqrt{w^T \Sigma w}} $$ - Total Risk Contribution (TRC) is: $$ TRC = \sum RC_i = \sqrt{w^T \Sigma w} $$ - Risk parity requires: $$ RC_i = RC_j \; \text{for all} \; i, j $$[23][24][25] - **Model Evaluation**: The model is effective in balancing risk contributions but may lead to conservative portfolios when asset volatilities differ significantly[5][20] 2. Model Name: Risk Budgeting Risk Parity - **Model Construction Idea**: Adjusts the risk budget to allocate higher weights to riskier assets, making the model more flexible for different risk preferences[5][33] - **Model Construction Process**: - Adjust the relative marginal contribution of assets to the benchmark: $$ RC_i : RC = k_i \; \text{for all} \; i $$ - When assets are uncorrelated, the allocation becomes: $$ RC_i = \frac{k_i w_i^2 \sigma_i^2}{\sum k_i} $$ - Risk budget and actual weights are related quadratically: $$ \text{If actual weight is } n \times \text{basic weight, then risk budget is } n^2 $$ - Static and dynamic risk budgeting rules: - Static: Fixed risk budgets for equities, commodities, and gold - Dynamic: Adjust risk budgets based on Sharpe ratios over the past 6 months[37][39][41] - **Model Evaluation**: Provides higher returns but increases risk. Dynamic budgeting improves returns further but has mixed effects on risk metrics[41] 3. Model Name: Macro Risk Parity Model - **Model Construction Idea**: Allocates risk based on shared macroeconomic factors rather than individual asset risks, addressing overlapping risk contributions among assets[10][64] - **Model Construction Process**: - General asset pricing model: $$ r = 1^T \times I \times f_{base} + B \times I \times F + \varepsilon $$ - **I**: Dummy variable matrix indicating asset categories - **f_base**: Benchmark returns for major asset classes - **F**: Factor returns explaining intra-class differences - **B**: Factor exposures (sensitivity of assets to factors) - **ε**: Residual returns not explained by factors[64][66][68] - Systematic and idiosyncratic risk contributions: $$ RCF_i = w_{new,i} \cdot \frac{(\Sigma_f w_{new})_i}{\sqrt{w^T \Sigma w}} $$ $$ RCE_i = w_{new,i} \cdot \frac{(E w_{new})_i}{\sqrt{w^T \Sigma w}} = \frac{w_{new,i}^2}{\sqrt{w^T \Sigma w}} $$[74][75] - **Model Evaluation**: Effective in reducing leverage and addressing overlapping risks but requires precise macro risk modeling[12][115] --- Model Backtest Results 1. Basic Risk Parity Model - **Annualized Return**: 5.03% - **Maximum Drawdown**: -5.10% - **Volatility**: 2.58% - **Sharpe Ratio**: 1.90 - **Monthly Win Rate**: 71.11% - **Monthly Profit-Loss Ratio**: 3.44[28] 2. Risk Budgeting Risk Parity - **Static Risk Budgeting**: - **Annualized Return**: 5.80% - **Maximum Drawdown**: -9.30% - **Volatility**: 5.80% - **Sharpe Ratio**: 0.97 - **Monthly Win Rate**: 58.89% - **Monthly Profit-Loss Ratio**: 2.05 - **Dynamic Risk Budgeting**: - **Annualized Return**: 6.98% - **Maximum Drawdown**: -12.38% - **Volatility**: 6.29% - **Sharpe Ratio**: 1.07 - **Monthly Win Rate**: 63.33% - **Monthly Profit-Loss Ratio**: 2.30[46] 3. Macro Risk Parity Model - **Basic Asset Classes**: - **Annualized Return**: 5.03% - **Maximum Drawdown**: -5.10% - **Volatility**: 2.58% - **Sharpe Ratio**: 1.90 - **Monthly Win Rate**: 71.11% - **Monthly Profit-Loss Ratio**: 3.44 - **Expanded Sub-Asset Classes**: - **Annualized Return**: 7.35% - **Maximum Drawdown**: -11.49% - **Volatility**: 6.63% - **Sharpe Ratio**: 1.07 - **Monthly Win Rate**: 63.33% - **Monthly Profit-Loss Ratio**: 2.29[89] 4. Refined Asset Pool - **Asset Risk Parity**: - **Annualized Return**: 6.63% - **Maximum Drawdown**: -2.84% - **Volatility**: 2.83% - **Sharpe Ratio**: 2.27 - **Monthly Win Rate**: 75.51% - **Monthly Profit-Loss Ratio**: 5.99 - **Macro Risk Parity**: - **Annualized Return**: 8.03% - **Maximum Drawdown**: -3.59% - **Volatility**: 3.79% - **Sharpe Ratio**: 2.04 - **Monthly Win Rate**: 72.45% - **Monthly Profit-Loss Ratio**: 4.32[110]

Group 1 - The risk premium percentile of the CSI All Share Index is 80.66%, indicating that the market is in a high return zone [1][8] - The current values of the Shanghai Composite Index, CSI 300, and CSI 800 have a good match with their risk premium percentiles, warranting close attention [1][8] - The price-to-book ratio percentile of the CSI All Share Index is 13.58%, suggesting that the market is generally undervalued [1][12] Group 2 - The undervaluation of the Shanghai Composite Index is the most significant among the broad indices being monitored, making it a focal point [1][13] - The deviation rate of the CSI All Share Index is -3.13%, indicating that the overall price level of the market is in a normal range [1][17] - In the past six months, the growth style represented by the STAR 50 has achieved significant excess returns, but this changed in March, necessitating observation of potential shifts between value and growth styles [1][22] Group 3 - The performance of high and low valuation styles has been mixed over the past six months, with low valuation styles showing a clear advantage in March, which should be monitored for sustainability [1][26] - Small-cap styles have outperformed in the last six months, but this trend changed in March, indicating a need to observe potential shifts between large and small-cap styles [1][30] Group 4 - Investors are advised to pay attention to convertible bonds from an asset allocation perspective, as they have shown excess returns relative to the CSI All Share Index over the past six months [2][42] - The performance of bond-oriented portfolios has been notably superior, suggesting a focus on bond-oriented convertible bonds moving forward [2][44]

Quantitative Models and Factors Summary Quantitative Models and Construction Methods Model 1: Risk Premium Model - **Model Name**: Risk Premium Model - **Model Construction Idea**: The model measures the risk premium of various broad-based indices relative to the risk-free rate, using the yield of the 10-year government bond as a reference. - **Model Construction Process**: - Calculate the risk premium for each index as the difference between the index's return and the 10-year government bond yield. - Observe the mean reversion phenomenon of the risk premium. - Analyze the volatility of the risk premium over time. - Formula: $$ \text{Risk Premium} = \text{Index Return} - \text{10-year Government Bond Yield} $$ - **Model Evaluation**: The model effectively captures the relative investment value and deviation of the indices from the risk-free rate, showing clear mean reversion characteristics.[14][15][16] Model 2: PE-TTM Model - **Model Name**: PE-TTM Model - **Model Construction Idea**: The model uses the Price-to-Earnings ratio based on trailing twelve months (PE-TTM) as a valuation reference to assess the investment value of various indices. - **Model Construction Process**: - Calculate the PE-TTM for each index. - Compare the current PE-TTM with historical percentiles to determine the valuation level. - Observe the trend and volatility of the PE-TTM over time. - Formula: $$ \text{PE-TTM} = \frac{\text{Current Price}}{\text{Earnings per Share (TTM)}} $$ - **Model Evaluation**: The model provides a clear indication of the valuation level of the indices, helping to identify overvalued or undervalued conditions.[20][21][22] Model Backtesting Results Risk Premium Model - **Current Risk Premium**: - **Shanghai 50**: -0.17% - **CSI 300**: -0.41% - **CSI 500**: -0.78% - **CSI 1000**: -1.53% - **CSI 2000**: -1.85% - **CSI All Share**: -0.89% - **ChiNext**: -1.16% - **1-Year Percentile**: - **Shanghai 50**: 43.25% - **CSI 300**: 34.92% - **CSI 500**: 27.78% - **CSI 1000**: 15.48% - **CSI 2000**: 13.89% - **CSI All Share**: 19.44% - **ChiNext**: 24.21% - **5-Year Percentile**: - **Shanghai 50**: 44.37% - **CSI 300**: 35.08% - **CSI 500**: 22.70% - **CSI 1000**: 12.94% - **CSI 2000**: 9.76% - **CSI All Share**: 18.33% - **ChiNext**: 21.75%[16] PE-TTM Model - **Current PE-TTM**: - **Shanghai 50**: 10.86 - **CSI 300**: 12.60 - **CSI 500**: 28.92 - **CSI 1000**: 39.13 - **CSI 2000**: 96.99 - **CSI All Share**: 18.46 - **ChiNext**: 33.18 - **1-Year Historical Percentile**: - **Shanghai 50**: 76.45% - **CSI 300**: 69.83% - **CSI 500**: 96.28% - **CSI 1000**: 79.34% - **CSI 2000**: 97.93% - **CSI All Share**: 86.78% - **ChiNext**: 68.60% - **5-Year Historical Percentile**: - **Shanghai 50**: 64.96% - **CSI 300**: 58.43% - **CSI 500**: 86.28% - **CSI 1000**: 73.39% - **CSI 2000**: 51.82% - **CSI All Share**: 74.38% - **ChiNext**: 30.99%[22]

文 | 银行螺丝钉 （转载请注明出处） (1) 直接投资宽基。 行业指数一共有11个,例如消费、医药、金 融、能源等等。 每一家上市公司,都会有自己所归属的一个 行业。 第四类是主题指数。 例如科技、新能源、养老等,通常是包含几 个行业中、跟对应主题相关的公司。 如果刚开始接触指数基金，可以从宽基指数 入手了解。掌握了投资知识后，再延伸到其 他几类指数。 比较常见的指数投资搭配，有以下几种: (3) 投资策略指数,要注意风格搭配。 A股有成长、价值风格轮动的特点。 例如2019-2020年是成长风格更强势,2021 -2024年价值风格强势,2025年又是成长风 格强势。 例如最经典的沪深300+中证500,覆盖了A 股规模最大的800家上市公司。 去年中央汇金为首的国家队，投资了几千亿 的 ETF,其中买入最多的就是沪深300+中证 ---- 500。 如果还想增加小盘股，对应的是中证1000、 中证2000。 如果同时投资沪深300+中证500+中证1000+ 中证2000,那效果会跟中证全指类似。 (2) 投资行业/主题指数，注意配置比例。 行业主题的波动会更大,投资的时候注意控 制好单个行业/主题的配 ...