文 | 银行螺丝钉 （转载请注明出处） 很多投资者都希望多元化配置自己的资金，想要覆盖人民币资产和外币资产，也想要覆盖股票资产和债券类资产。 美元债就是其中的重要一环，那么美元债券基金该如何投资？ 这里有一门限时免费的福利课程，系统性地介绍了美元债券基金的投资知识。 想要获取这个课程，可以添加下方「课程小助手」，回复「 美元债 」领取哦～ 更有课程笔记、思维导图，帮您快速搞懂课程脉络，学习更高效。 家好的基金公司，需要具备哪些 特点? 在挑选主动基金的时候,我们首先要考虑 的是基金公司。 主要有以下两个原因： 一是,基金经理投资收益好,离不开基金 公司的支持。 二是，有实力的基金公司，人才梯队更完 善，能源源不断地孵化出优秀基金经理。 一家好的基金公司，从定性的角度看有以 下三个特点。 (1) 稳定的治理结构。 治理结构,就是基金公司的管理能力。基 金公司的管理能力，对业绩会产生很大的 影响。 ◆◆◆ 包括老将、中生代、新生代三个梯队。 第一梯队是老将,也就是从业多年,经历 过多轮牛熊市的基金经理。是我们投资主 动基金的重点关注对象。 第二梯队是中生代,虽然从业时间没有老 (2) 完善的人才梯队。 ▼点击阅读 ...

Group 1 - The public fund industry is transitioning from a "star manager" era to a "platform era," driven by the rise of passive investment products like ETFs, which have surpassed 4.5 trillion yuan as of July [1][2] - The number of fund manager changes has reached nearly 3,000 this year, indicating a trend of mass departures among fund managers, raising concerns among investors about whether to hold or sell their funds [2] - The industry is witnessing a shift towards multi-manager models, which leverage team strengths and mitigate risks associated with individual manager departures, ensuring more stable fund performance [3] Group 2 - Regulatory bodies are encouraging fund companies to enhance their research and investment systems, promoting a team-based management approach to strengthen the overall investment capabilities [2] - Companies are increasingly adopting technology and platform-based strategies to reduce reliance on individual capabilities, with examples like China Europe Fund integrating industrialized processes into their research systems [3] - The investment selection strategy for investors is evolving, focusing more on the overall strength and stability of the fund company's research team rather than individual fund managers, reflecting a broader shift in investment philosophy [4]

Core Viewpoint - Active funds have significantly outperformed the market this year, with a year-to-date return of 13.94% for mixed equity funds, compared to 8.28% for passive index funds and only 3.05% for the CSI 300 index [3]. Group 1: Performance Comparison - As of August 1, the mixed equity fund index has a year-to-date return of 13.94%, which is substantially higher than the passive index fund index at 8.28% and the CSI 300 index at 3.05% [3]. - The performance of various indices shows that the CSI 500 index has a year-to-date return of 8.51%, while the ChiNext index has 8.45% [4]. Group 2: Factors Driving Active Fund Performance - The resurgence of active funds is attributed to multiple factors, including the dominance of growth styles, contributions from Hong Kong stock allocations, and the performance of small-cap strategies [5]. - Growth style has become the leading force in the market, supported by government policies favoring emerging industries, particularly in technology [7][8]. - Active equity funds have increased their allocation to Hong Kong stocks, reaching a historical peak with a market value of 437.9 billion yuan, up 6.5% from the previous quarter [11][12]. Group 3: Small-Cap Strategies - The micro-cap stock index has seen a year-to-date increase of 51%, with the North Stock 50 and CSI 2000 indices also showing significant gains of 36.79% and 20.99%, respectively [15]. Group 4: Historical Performance of Active Funds - Historical data indicates that active funds tend to outperform passive index funds in years of market uptrends, with notable years being 2015, 2017, 2019, 2020, and 2021 [17]. - In contrast, during market downturns, such as in 2016, 2018, 2022, and 2023, active funds have consistently underperformed [18]. - Despite recent underperformance in bear markets, active funds are expected to leverage their advantages in bull markets, potentially leading to long-term outperformance against index funds [20].

Group 1 - The article discusses the recent investment strategies of Pacific Insurance (太保) in the context of a long-term low interest rate environment, highlighting the challenges faced by traditional fixed-income assets [7][8][9] - It emphasizes the necessity for equity investments to enhance overall returns and alleviate pressure from declining interest spreads, citing the long-term annualized return of the CSI Dividend Total Return Index at approximately 14% since 2006 [15][16][21] - The shift from relative return strategies to absolute return strategies is noted, with a focus on passive investment approaches and the increasing importance of Smart Beta strategies [22][28][29] Group 2 - The article outlines the trend of insurance institutions transitioning from traditional financial investors to strategic investors, with a focus on long-term partnerships and governance in listed companies, particularly in undervalued and high-dividend sectors [30][31] - It discusses the impact of new accounting standards on financial reporting, emphasizing the need for insurance companies to carefully consider asset classification to manage volatility and ensure stable returns [33][35] - Key indicators for long-term asset allocation are identified, including sustainable competitive advantage, consistent profitability, operational stability, and shareholder return capabilities [36][37] Group 3 - Recommendations for regulatory adjustments are provided to encourage long-term capital market investments, including capital incentives for long-term equity holdings and differentiation between trading and strategic investments [40][41][42]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the cyclical nature of A-shares and the rotation between active and index funds, highlighting that the current trend may favor active funds after a prolonged period of underperformance [3][6]. Group 1: Index Funds Outperforming Active Funds - Historical instances show that index funds have outperformed active funds during five notable periods, including bull markets and specific market conditions from 2022 to 2024 [8]. - The first three instances of index funds outperforming occurred during bull markets, characterized by rapid and significant gains, typically lasting less than a year [10]. - The fourth instance, covering 2016-2018, was less intense, with index funds, particularly the CSI 300, outperforming due to a focus on large-cap value stocks [11][16]. Group 2: Reasons for Performance Rotation - Market dynamics dictate that when stocks rise significantly, they may face corrections, leading to periods where index funds appear to perform better [22]. - The influx of capital into index funds, especially ETFs, has been a significant factor in their recent outperformance, with the domestic ETF market reaching 4.32 trillion yuan as of July 4 [24]. - Economic conditions also play a role; in times of economic downturn, active stock selection may yield negative excess returns, particularly during the Federal Reserve's interest rate hikes from 2022 to 2024 [26]. Group 3: Future Outlook for Active Funds - The adjustment period for active funds has been sufficient, indicating a potential trend reversal where active funds may start to outperform again [30][32]. - Despite ongoing growth in index fund capital, there are signs of policy support for active funds, which may lead to a resurgence in their performance [34]. - Structural investment opportunities in sectors like AI and innovative pharmaceuticals may favor active fund strategies moving forward [35].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the unexpected strong performance of actively managed funds in the first half of 2025, outperforming passive funds by nearly 5 percentage points, suggesting a resurgence in the credibility of active fund managers [3][5]. Group 1: Performance of Active Funds - In the first half of 2025, 50 actively managed funds achieved net value returns exceeding 30%, with the top ten funds all surpassing 60% gains, outperforming the best-performing passive ETF, which had a return of 58.76% [12][14]. - Among the top-performing active funds, Guangfa Fund led with 9 funds, followed by Penghua, Changcheng, Huitianfu, and Fuguo, each with 6 funds [14][15]. Group 2: Opportunities in Emerging Markets - The article identifies the Beijing Stock Exchange (北交所) as a "golden opportunity" for active funds, where less transparent information and lower research coverage allow for better identification of mispriced opportunities, thus creating alpha (excess returns) [16][18]. - The North Star 50 Index, a benchmark for the Beijing Stock Exchange, has seen a year-to-date increase of over 30%, significantly outperforming the Zhongzheng 2000 index [18][21]. Group 3: Value of Active Management - The true value of active management lies in the ability to dynamically search for undervalued opportunities across the entire market, rather than being confined to specific industries or styles, which is a key advantage over passive investment strategies [22][24]. - The article emphasizes that while passive funds are effective for obtaining market average returns (beta), allocating a portion of investments to capable active fund managers can yield excess returns (alpha) [25][26].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the investment framework of Tang Jun, a FOF fund manager, focusing on a "configuration-first" approach to achieve stable and high-risk-adjusted returns for investors [2][3]. Group 1: Investment Philosophy - "Configuration-first" means establishing a personal allocation framework and viewpoint before selecting fund managers or products that align with these views [3]. - The ability to have an independent and objective analysis framework is crucial for making allocation decisions [5]. - A strict and scientific risk budgeting framework is necessary to ensure long-term asset allocation success [5]. Group 2: Tactical Asset Allocation - Tactical asset allocation is based on analyzing expected differences in asset prices, which may not solely depend on fundamentals [10]. - An example of tactical allocation was provided, where long-duration bond funds were reduced due to overheated market expectations and weakening fundamentals [12]. Group 3: Asset Classes and Return Streams - Different asset classes such as stocks, bonds, gold, and commodities are viewed as distinct return streams, especially when they exhibit low correlation [9]. - The importance of identifying and separating different return streams, including strategies within the same asset class, is highlighted [9]. Group 4: Gold Allocation - The consistent allocation to gold since the product's inception is attributed to macroeconomic factors, particularly the declining status of the US dollar as a reserve currency [13]. Group 5: ETF Utilization - ETFs are preferred for equity holdings due to their ability to efficiently reflect style configurations and enhance capital utilization [14]. Group 6: Active Fund Selection - The selection of active funds focuses on stable styles and the ability to generate alpha after removing style beta [15]. - The process of stripping away style beta is essential for accurately assessing a fund manager's alpha contribution [16]. Group 7: Future Aspirations - The goal is to create a stable, high-risk-adjusted return fund similar to the all-weather strategy of Bridgewater Associates [18].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the impact of low interest rates on personal finance and investment strategies, emphasizing the need for individuals to adapt their wealth management approaches in a changing economic environment [1][5]. Group 1: Low Interest Rate Environment - The current low interest rates are leading to diminished returns on traditional savings, with one-year deposit rates falling below 1.5% and three-year rates approaching the "1 era" [3]. - Inflation is eroding purchasing power, making it crucial for individuals to rethink their investment strategies rather than relying solely on bank savings [3][4]. Group 2: Investment Strategies - A diversified investment approach is recommended, suggesting that individuals allocate their funds into different categories: 30% in liquid assets like money market funds, 40% in stable products like government bonds, and 30% in more aggressive investments such as index funds or quality stocks [3][4]. - Caution is advised against high-yield investment traps, with a warning that any promised returns exceeding 6% should be scrutinized, and those over 8% may risk principal loss [4]. Group 3: Financial Literacy and Mindset - The importance of financial literacy is highlighted, with individuals encouraged to invest time in understanding financial concepts and asset allocation based on their risk tolerance [4][5]. - A stable mindset is essential, as successful wealth preservation relies on consistent, long-term strategies rather than chasing quick profits [4][5].

Core Viewpoint - Global investment offers more opportunities and reduces volatility risks associated with single markets, with index funds being the most suitable entry point for ordinary investors [5][94]. Group 1: Advantages of Index Funds - Index funds have six major advantages over actively managed funds, including low costs, transparency, diversified allocation, reduced human influence, low cognitive costs, and productization of investment philosophies [6][18]. - The management fee for index funds is approximately 0.2% per year, with some as low as 0.05%, compared to about 0.5% for actively managed funds [8][9]. - Index funds provide transparency by publicly disclosing their holdings, allocation percentages, and rebalancing activities, which reduces the risk of opaque operations [10]. - Index funds inherently offer diversified exposure, which mitigates individual stock risks through periodic adjustments [11]. - The performance of index funds is less affected by individual fund managers, as their primary role is to track the index [12][13]. - Indexes are based on predefined rules that are easy to understand, allowing investors to use them as long-term investment tools [14][15]. - Indexes can embody established investment philosophies, making it easier for investors to find products that meet their specific needs [16][17]. Group 2: Current Status of Global Index Funds - The global index fund market has developed a stable oligopoly with three major index providers: S&P Dow Jones, MSCI, and FTSE Russell [25]. - S&P Dow Jones is known for its U.S. indices, including the S&P 500 and Dow Jones Index [27]. - MSCI specializes in global asset allocation, with indices covering various countries and regions [29]. - FTSE Russell is recognized for its global asset allocation indices, including the FTSE A50, which tracks A-shares [31]. - The three largest index fund companies are BlackRock, State Street, and Vanguard, collectively managing over 80% of U.S. index fund assets [43]. Group 3: Historical Market Cycles - The U.S. stock market has experienced three major bull and bear market cycles since 1929, with bull markets typically lasting longer than bear markets [52][64]. - The first bear market occurred from 1929 to 1945, followed by a bull market from 1945 to 1972, characterized by significant economic recovery [54][57]. - The second bear market lasted from 1972 to 1982, while the subsequent bull market extended from 1982 to 2001, driven by declining interest rates [59][60]. - The third bear market spanned from 2001 to 2008, with a prolonged bull market emerging afterward, lasting until the present [61][62]. Group 4: Investment Strategy Recommendations - Investors are advised to use funds that are not needed for at least five years to invest during undervalued market phases [67][90]. - The global index investment strategy is recommended during 4-5 star market phases, which indicate undervaluation [84][95]. - The "Global Index Investment Portfolio" offers a diversified approach to investing in multiple countries and regions through index funds, allowing for easy access to global market performance [80][96].

Core Viewpoint - Global investment offers more opportunities and reduces volatility risks associated with single markets, with index funds being the most suitable entry point for ordinary investors [3][5]. Group 1: Advantages of Index Funds - Index funds have six major advantages over actively managed funds: low cost, transparency, diversified allocation, reduced human influence, low cognitive cost, and productization of investment philosophy [6][21]. - The management fee for index funds is approximately 0.2% per year, with some as low as 0.05%, compared to about 0.5% for active funds [8][9]. - Index funds provide transparency by publicly disclosing their holdings, allocation percentages, and rebalancing activities, which reduces the risk of opaque operations [10]. - Index funds inherently offer diversified exposure, reducing individual stock risk through broad market representation [11][12]. - The impact of human factors is minimized in index funds, as changes in fund management do not significantly affect fund performance [13][14]. - Indexes follow predefined rules for stock selection, making them easy to understand and use for long-term investment [15][16]. - Different index types cater to various investment philosophies, such as dividend, growth, and value strategies [17][18]. Group 2: Current Status of Global Index Funds - The index fund industry exhibits a strong leader effect, with three major index providers: S&P Dow Jones, MSCI, and FTSE Russell [32][33]. - The top three index fund companies are BlackRock, State Street, and Vanguard, collectively managing over 80% of the total index fund assets in the U.S. [58]. Group 3: Historical Market Cycles - The U.S. stock market has experienced significant bull and bear markets since 1929, with notable cycles occurring in 1945-1972, 1982-2001, and post-2008 [68][80][83]. - The market typically sees long bull phases and shorter, sharper bear phases, with investment opportunities arising during downturns [84][85][86]. Group 4: Global Stock Index Valuation - Investment in global stock markets should be approached with funds that are not needed for at least five years, particularly during undervalued phases [87][114]. - Historical valuation trends indicate that global stock markets have experienced significant fluctuations, with notable lows during crises and subsequent recoveries driven by monetary policy [90][91]. Group 5: Global Index Investment Strategy - The "Global Index Investment Strategy" offers a diversified approach to investing in multiple countries and regions through index funds, allowing for easy access to global market performance [100][102]. - The strategy is recommended during periods when the global stock market is rated at 4-5 stars, indicating favorable investment conditions [105][114].