本文来自微信公众号：经济观察报 （ID：eeo-com-cn），作者：王雅洁，题图来自：视觉中国 9月22日，江西赣州，一家钨矿的销售总监王磊挂断了欧洲买家加价三成求购黑钨精矿的电话。 他随即对团队成员表示，月度现货投放量要控制在200吨以内。 王磊手握的钨矿山出货单显示，9月下半月黑钨精矿发货量比上月同期减少30%，库存周转天数从15天 延长至45天。 这种"惜售"策略背后，是钨产业链上游企业面对历史新高钨价的自信抉择。 2025年以来，钨价一路狂飙。 从8月21日至今，钨价几乎每天都在快速上涨。 9月24日数据显示，欧洲APT（仲钨酸铵，钨精矿经过冶炼加工后的一种重要中间产品，欧洲APT价格 是国际主流钨价指标）价格已飙升至580美元/吨度至645美元/吨度（鹿特丹到岸价），同比上涨超 30%。 王磊说："现在不是我们在卖矿，是矿在'挑'客户。" 他对经济观察报表示，9月上旬，曾有国内冶炼厂负责人亲自带队来矿区驻守三天，只为争取100吨钨精 矿的优先采购权。 当上游开始"掌控"游戏规则，中游却逐渐面临成本困局。 面对上游矿企的"惜售挺价"，江西某冶炼厂厂长李建国形容自己所在的中游企业像"夹心饼干"。他向经 ...

Core Viewpoint - Since 2025, tungsten prices have surged dramatically, with upstream companies gaining significant control over the market dynamics, while midstream companies face increasing cost pressures [1][4][19]. Group 1: Price Trends and Market Dynamics - Tungsten prices have increased by over 50% from the low points at the beginning of the year, with some products seeing nearly 100% annual price increases [5][12]. - As of September 24, European APT prices have risen to between $580 and $645 per ton, reflecting a year-on-year increase of over 30% [6]. - The supply-demand imbalance is evident, with upstream companies adopting a "reluctant selling" strategy, controlling the supply to maintain high prices [3][4][14]. Group 2: Upstream and Midstream Challenges - Upstream companies are experiencing a "golden era" due to fundamental shifts in supply and demand, with a reported 60% year-on-year increase in procurement costs for midstream companies [8][24]. - A significant reduction in tungsten concentrate mining quotas has exacerbated the supply shortage, with the first batch of quotas for 2025 set at 58,000 tons, a decrease of 6.45% year-on-year [8][15]. - Midstream companies are struggling with profit margins, as the cost of tungsten concentrate has risen significantly while the selling price of APT has not kept pace [24][25]. Group 3: International Trade and Policy Implications - China's tungsten exports have decreased by 34.56% in the first seven months of 2025, while imports surged by 45.57%, indicating a shift in the global tungsten trade landscape [15][26]. - Regulatory discussions are underway regarding "flexible mining quotas" to balance supply and environmental concerns, although there are fears this may reduce resource tax revenues [9][38]. Group 4: Technological Innovations and Future Outlook - The introduction of efficient tungsten waste recycling technologies could potentially reduce the demand for primary tungsten by up to 30% if scaled effectively [41][42]. - The market is approaching a critical point, with potential price corrections anticipated as downstream companies struggle with rising costs and reduced orders from clients [36][39].

他随即对团队成员表示，月度现货投放量要控制在200吨以内。 经济观察报记者王雅洁 9月22日，江西赣州，一家钨矿的销售总监王磊挂断了欧洲买家加价三成求购黑钨精矿的电话。 王磊手握的钨矿山出货单显示，9月下半月黑钨精矿发货量比上月同期减少30%，库存周转天数从15天 延长至45天。 这种"惜售"策略背后，是钨产业链上游企业面对历史新高钨价的自信抉择。 2025年以来，钨价一路狂飙。 面对上游矿企的"惜售挺价"，江西某冶炼厂厂长李建国形容自己所在的中游企业像"夹心饼干"。他向经 济观察报展示的账本显示，2025年8月该企业钨精矿采购成本同比飙涨60%，而产出的仲钨酸铵售价涨 幅仅25%。 王磊认为，上游矿企的"黄金时代"源于供需基本面的根本转变。这种供需错配正在钨市场引发连锁反 应。 2025年，首批钨精矿开采总量指标降至5.8万吨，同比缩减6.45%，而光伏钨丝需求爆发式增长让供需缺 口持续扩大。 为了应对种种供需矛盾，一名监管部门的人士透露，相关部门正在研讨钨矿"弹性开采指标"的可行性方 案，考虑对采用绿色开采技术的矿企给予5%的配额上浮，以期在保供与环保之间取得平衡。 国内主要钨产品年内均值较年初低点普遍上 ...

Group 1 - The price of tungsten has surged significantly in 2025, with major tungsten products increasing by over 50% from their low points at the beginning of the year, and some products seeing nearly 100% annual growth [1][3] - As of September 9, 2025, tungsten prices reached historical highs, with tungsten concentrate at 287,500 CNY/ton, APT at 412,500 CNY/ton, tungsten powder at 635 CNY/kg, and 70 tungsten iron at 407,500 CNY/ton [1] - The market for tungsten is characterized by a supply shortage, with domestic mining operating at less than 35% capacity and a significant reduction in output due to environmental regulations [5][8] Group 2 - In the first half of 2025, the average price of 65% black tungsten concentrate was 150,000 CNY/ton, a 12.11% increase compared to the same period in 2024, while APT averaged 222,900 CNY/ton, up 12.23% year-on-year [2] - The Chinese tungsten consumption totaled 35,900 tons in the first half of 2025, a 2.1% increase year-on-year, with primary tungsten consumption at 30,400 tons, up 2.5% [3] Group 3 - The demand for tungsten is expected to grow due to trends in the photovoltaic sector, with tungsten wire penetration rates projected to rise from 20% to 60%, leading to a global demand exceeding 4,500 tons, a 198% year-on-year increase [4] - The aerospace and semiconductor industries are also driving demand for tungsten, with the hard alloy market in China expected to reach 41.5 billion CNY in 2025, growing by 7.8% [4][7] Group 4 - The current low inventory levels make the tungsten market sensitive to supply shortages, which could lead to significant price increases [8] - The strict mining quotas and the depletion of existing mines, along with the long lead times for new mines, make it difficult to increase tungsten supply significantly [8]

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The conference call focuses on the tungsten industry, highlighting supply constraints and strategic importance due to geopolitical factors [1][3]. Core Insights and Arguments - **Supply Tightening**: The mining quotas for tungsten concentrate have been reduced year-on-year, leading to a significant decrease in supply. The Ministry of Natural Resources allocated 58,000 tons in April 2025, down by 4,000 tons from the previous year [2][20]. - **Export Controls**: China's export controls on tungsten-related products have resulted in a 17% year-on-year decline in export volumes from January to July 2025, exacerbating global shortages and widening the price gap between domestic and international markets to approximately $30 [2][19]. - **Strategic Demand Growth**: The strategic importance of tungsten is increasing, with the EU and the US classifying it as a critical mineral. This has led to initiatives aimed at increasing reserves and reducing dependency on foreign sources, which is expected to drive long-term price increases [3][20]. - **Limited New Production**: New tungsten mining projects in China, such as the Bohai Cobalt Mine and the Shizhu Garden project, are expected to add only about 5,000 tons of output, insufficient to offset declines from aging mines [5][6]. - **Global Supply Challenges**: The slow progress of overseas tungsten mining projects, such as the Monty-owned Sandongwu mine, further intensifies global supply constraints [8][20]. Additional Important Content - **Tungsten Industry Chain**: The tungsten industry consists of upstream mining, midstream smelting, and downstream processing, with China holding 52% of global reserves and 83% of production [4]. - **Recycling and Secondary Supply**: The development of recycled tungsten is gaining attention, especially in regions with limited primary resources. China aims to increase its recycling rate from 20% to over 30% to mitigate supply shortages [9][10]. - **Demand in Downstream Applications**: The demand for tungsten in various sectors is expected to grow significantly, particularly in hard alloys, photovoltaic applications, and integrated circuits, with projected increases in consumption across these areas [15][16][18]. - **Investment Recommendations**: Companies such as Zhonggao High-tech and Zhangyuan Tungsten Industry are highlighted as potential investment opportunities due to their strong market positions and comprehensive industry chains [21]. - **Risk Factors**: Investors are advised to be cautious of price volatility, unexpected declines in ore grades, slower-than-expected manufacturing growth, and project delays, which could impact profitability [22].

Core Viewpoint - Zhangyuan Tungsten Industry (002378) reported a strong performance in its 2025 mid-year report, with significant increases in total revenue and net profit, although some key profitability metrics showed declines [1] Financial Performance - Total revenue reached 2.399 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 32.27% [1] - Net profit attributable to shareholders was 115 million yuan, up 2.54% year-on-year [1] - In Q2 alone, total revenue was 1.213 billion yuan, reflecting a 29.05% increase year-on-year, while net profit for the quarter was 72.54 million yuan, down 14.71% year-on-year [1] - Gross margin was 14.14%, down 18.33% year-on-year, and net margin was 4.79%, down 22.03% year-on-year [1] - Total operating expenses were 159 million yuan, accounting for 6.62% of revenue, a decrease of 18.7% year-on-year [1] Balance Sheet Highlights - Accounts receivable increased by 20.30% to 826 million yuan, representing 480.34% of the latest annual net profit [1][5] - Cash and cash equivalents decreased by 19.33%, influenced by customer credit policies and cash dividends [3] - Interest-bearing liabilities decreased by 6.65% to 1.961 billion yuan [1] Cash Flow Analysis - Operating cash flow per share was 0.17 yuan, a significant increase of 466.18% year-on-year [1] - Net cash flow from operating activities increased due to higher revenue and changes in payment methods for raw materials [4] Investment and R&D - R&D expenses increased by 35.01%, indicating a commitment to new product development [4] - The company’s return on invested capital (ROIC) was 6.19%, which is considered average, with historical data showing a median ROIC of 3.65% over the past decade [4] Fund Holdings - The largest fund holding Zhangyuan Tungsten is Guotai Junan CSI 1000 Preferred Stock Initiation A, with a current scale of 155 million yuan and a recent net value of 1.5859 [5]

Group 1: Tungsten Price Trends - Tungsten prices have been on the rise throughout the year, with significant increases noted in recent weeks. As of August 20, the price of 65% tungsten concentrate reached 217,000 yuan/ton, up 3,000 yuan/ton from August 19, marking a 51.75% increase since the beginning of the year [5][8] - The price of ammonium paratungstate (APT) at 88.5% purity is reported at 311,500 yuan/ton, reflecting a 47.98% increase year-to-date, while tungsten powder is priced at 482.5 yuan/kg, up 53.91% since the start of the year [5][8] Group 2: Supply and Demand Dynamics - The surge in tungsten prices is attributed to tightening supply and emerging demand. The Ministry of Natural Resources has set a control target for tungsten mining at 58,000 tons for 2025, a reduction of 4,000 tons or 6.45% from the previous year [8] - Major tungsten-producing regions, such as Jiangxi and Yunnan, have also seen reductions in mining output, contributing to a significant decrease in market circulation [8] - Demand for tungsten is growing in various sectors, including aerospace, defense, and electronics, with notable increases in the renewable energy sector, particularly in photovoltaic applications [8] Group 3: Market Performance and Stock Analysis - Tungsten-related stocks in the A-share market have generally performed well, with an average increase of 10.1% since August. Leading stocks include Luoyang Molybdenum, Zhongtung High-tech, and Xianglu Tungsten, with respective gains of 22.48%, 18.99%, and 17.41% [10][14] - The valuation of some tungsten concept stocks remains low, with a median rolling P/E ratio of 30.24 times, and several stocks, including Shengtun Mining and Luoyang Molybdenum, having P/E ratios below 20 times [11][12] - Luoyang Molybdenum is expected to report a net profit of 8.2 to 9.1 billion yuan for the first half of the year, representing a year-on-year growth of 51.37% to 67.98% [12]

Group 1: Tungsten Price Trends - Tungsten prices have been on the rise this year, with significant increases in the past week, showing daily price hikes of 3,000 to 10,000 yuan per ton [5] - As of August 20, the price of 65% tungsten concentrate reached 217,000 yuan per ton, up 3,000 yuan from August 19, marking a 51.75% increase since the beginning of the year [5] - The price of ammonium paratungstate (APT) at 88.5% purity is reported at 311,500 yuan per ton, reflecting a 47.98% increase year-to-date [5] Group 2: Supply and Demand Dynamics - The recent price surge is attributed to tightening supply and emerging demand, with the Ministry of Natural Resources reducing the tungsten mining quota for 2025 by 4,000 tons, a decrease of 6.45% [7] - Major tungsten-producing provinces, Jiangxi and Yunnan, have also seen reductions in mining output, contributing to a significant decrease in market circulation [7] - Demand for tungsten in hard alloys is growing due to its superior properties, with applications in various industries including aerospace and electronics [7] Group 3: Market Performance and Stock Analysis - Tungsten-related stocks in the A-share market have generally risen, with an average increase of 10.1% since August [9] - Notable performers include Luoyang Molybdenum (603993) and Zhongtung High-tech (000657), with cumulative increases of 22.48% and 18.99%, respectively [9] - Some tungsten concept stocks are currently undervalued, with a median rolling P/E ratio of 30.24, and companies like Shengtun Mining (600711) having a P/E ratio below 20 [10] Group 4: Company Performance - Shengtun Mining has the lowest valuation with a rolling P/E ratio of 12.41, holding 32,200 tons of tungsten metal in its own mine [11] - Among the eight companies that have disclosed performance data, three have turned losses into profits, while others like Luoyang Molybdenum and Xianglu Tungsten Industry have reported significant year-on-year profit growth [11] - Luoyang Molybdenum is expected to achieve a net profit of 8.2 to 9.1 billion yuan in the first half of the year, representing a year-on-year increase of 51.37% to 67.98% [11]

Core Viewpoint - The tungsten market is experiencing significant price increases due to tightening supply and rising demand, with major tungsten companies adjusting their prices accordingly [5][6][7]. Price Trends - Tungsten concentrate prices have surged, with a recent increase of 3,000 to 10,000 yuan per ton, reaching 217,000 yuan per ton as of August 20, marking a 51.75% increase since the beginning of the year [5][6]. - Ammonium paratungstate (APT) prices are reported at 311,500 yuan per ton, up 47.98% year-to-date, while tungsten powder prices have risen to 482.5 yuan per kilogram, reflecting a 53.91% increase [6]. Supply Dynamics - The Ministry of Natural Resources has set a control target for tungsten mining at 58,000 tons for 2025, a reduction of 4,000 tons (6.45%) compared to the previous year [6]. - Major tungsten-producing provinces, Jiangxi and Yunnan, have also seen reductions in mining volumes, contributing to a significant decrease in market circulation [6]. Demand Drivers - The demand for tungsten hard alloys is growing due to their superior properties, with applications in various industries including aerospace, defense, and electronics [7]. - The demand for tungsten in the renewable energy sector is expected to rise, with projections indicating a 22% year-on-year increase in consumption for lithium battery applications by 2025 [7]. Stock Performance - Tungsten-related stocks have generally risen, with an average increase of 10.1% since August, led by companies such as Luoyang Molybdenum and Zhongtung High-tech, which saw increases of 22.48% and 18.99%, respectively [8]. - The median rolling price-to-earnings ratio for tungsten stocks is 30.24, with some companies like Shengtun Mining and Luoyang Molybdenum having ratios below 20 [8]. Company Performance - Among the eight companies that have reported their half-year results, three-quarters have shown positive growth, with Xianglu Tungsten and Guangsheng Nonferrous turning losses into profits [8]. - Luoyang Molybdenum is expected to report a net profit of 8.2 to 9.1 billion yuan for the first half of the year, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 51.37% to 67.98% [8].

Summary of Tungsten Industry Conference Call Industry Overview - The tungsten industry is experiencing a reduction in mining quotas, with the first batch of quotas for 2024 down by 6.5% year-on-year, leading to an increase in black tungsten concentrate prices, which approached 200,000 yuan/ton by the end of July, reflecting a rise of over 30% since the beginning of the year [1][2] - China's tungsten consumption is projected to be around 70,000 tons in 2024, with mining supply at 60,000 tons and the remainder sourced from recycling [1][2] - Hard alloys account for nearly 60% of tungsten consumption, while tungsten materials (including photovoltaic tungsten wire) make up 23% [1][2] Price Trends - Since 2020, tungsten prices have shown a gradual upward trend, with significant increases following the announcement of the first batch of quotas each year [4] - The highest operating rate in five years was recorded in June, indicating resilient demand [4] Global and Domestic Supply - Global tungsten resources are estimated at 4.6 million tons, with China holding 52% of the reserves and accounting for 83% of the production, primarily concentrated in Jiangxi and Hunan provinces [5] - China has implemented total control over tungsten mining since 2002, with the first batch of quotas for 2025 also down by 6.5% year-on-year [6] Future Supply Expectations - Domestic projects like Dahuatang and Zhuxi are expected to add approximately 13,000 tons of tungsten supply by 2030, while overseas projects in Kazakhstan and Australia are anticipated to contribute an additional 10,000 tons [7] Recycling and Cost Advantages - The proportion of recycled tungsten in China is currently low but offers cost advantages, with a shorter production cycle and lower manufacturing costs compared to primary tungsten [8] Import and Export Dynamics - Despite producing 80% to 90% of global tungsten concentrate, China still imports about 10,000 tons annually, with downstream products being exported after powder metallurgy [9] Demand Concentration and Trends - Tungsten demand is primarily concentrated in four sectors: special steel, chemicals, tungsten materials, and hard alloys, with significant growth in hard alloys and tungsten materials expected [10][11] - The hard alloy sector has seen production increase from 23,000 tons in 2015 to 60,000 tons in 2024, with a compound annual growth rate of 11% [13] Impact of Major Projects - The Yashan project, with an investment of 1.2 trillion yuan, is expected to significantly increase tungsten demand over the next decade due to extensive use of tungsten tools and equipment [12] Technological Advancements - The implementation of nuclear fusion technology, expected around 2040, could dramatically increase global tungsten demand, with a single 1GW fusion reactor requiring 29,000 tons of tungsten over its 40-year lifespan [17] Market Dynamics - The domestic supply-demand balance indicates a growing gap, with overall consumption projected to rise from 60,000 tons in 2024 to over 70,000 tons by 2027 [18] Key Companies in the A-Share Market - Five key companies in the A-share market are involved in tungsten: Xiamen Property, Zhonggao New, Zhangyuan Property, Xiaolu Property, and Anyuan Meiyu, with Zhonggao New and Zhangyuan Property focusing solely on tungsten business [19][20]