从 CES 看液冷&冷水机组变化 20260107 摘要 新平台全面采用液冷设计，计算和网络高功耗单元液冷成标配，延续了 第 300 机柜全液冷出货的趋势，强化了全液冷属性，推动行业向高效节 能方向发展。 交换机液冷渗透率预计在 2026-2027 年显著提升，单柜交换机冷板价 值量占比达 8%左右。光模块方面，1.67G 光模块有望在 2026 年下半 年放量，液冷单口价值量较风冷提高 3-4 倍。 二次侧部件通过优化设计，提升单位功率价值量，例如 GPT 200 采用 一块大冷板覆盖一个 CTP 加两个 CTP 方案，流道优化提升换热能力， 计算板中 1 克 G 数量减少，设计难度和生产壁垒提高。 温水冷却技术沿用 GB 200/300 平台设计，允许较高入口水温，可利用 室外干冷器自然冷却，PUE 接近 1.05。但该技术受限于外界温度，在气 候适宜地区效果最佳，炎热地区需额外配置冷却系统。 入口水温提升导致一次侧和二次侧温差减少，需增加接触面积和流速以 带走相同热量。自然冷却效率低于机械冷却，需要更多用水量和冷却液 量，对供水和占地面积有较高要求。 Q&A 英伟达在 CES 展上发布的 Vora Vo ...

Core Viewpoint - Nvidia's CEO Jensen Huang's comments on the next-generation Rubin chip's cooling technology have raised concerns among investors regarding the demand for data center cooling equipment, leading to a significant drop in related stocks [2][3][5]. Group 1: Impact on Cooling Equipment Stocks - Nvidia's announcement that servers with the Rubin chip will utilize liquid cooling instead of traditional chillers has caused a sell-off in cooling equipment stocks, with Johnson Controls experiencing an 11% drop, marking its largest intraday decline since 2022 [2][3]. - Modine Manufacturing's stock fell by approximately 21% before recovering to a 7.44% decline, while Trane Technologies also saw a decrease [2][3]. - Analysts are reassessing the investment logic surrounding AI infrastructure, as companies like Johnson Controls saw a 52% cumulative increase in stock price since last year due to the AI boom [5]. Group 2: Analyst Insights - Analyst Timothy Wojs from Baird highlighted that Huang's comments have raised questions about the long-term role of chillers in data centers, especially with the increasing adoption of liquid cooling technology, which allows systems to operate at higher temperatures [6]. - Barclays analyst Julian Mitchell noted that while Vertiv holds a strong position in the liquid cooling sector and may benefit from the discussed technological advancements, its cooling business could face challenges [6]. - Citi analyst Andrew Kaplowitz described the sell-off in cooling stocks as "overdone," emphasizing that cooling system manufacturers have established partnerships with chip makers and data center operators, making the risks manageable [10]. Group 3: Market Reactions - Huang's statements have also spurred a surge in data storage stocks, with SanDisk's stock rising over 27%, becoming the best performer in the S&P 500 on that day, as demand for memory and storage was highlighted [10].

英伟达CEO黄仁勋在CES上关于下一代芯片冷却技术的表态，引发投资者对数据中心制冷设备需求的担忧，相关股票周二集体重挫。 在拉斯维加斯的CES展会上，黄仁勋表示，搭载下一代英伟达Rubin芯片的服务器机架支持液冷散热，无需依赖冷水机组。 冷水机组通常是特灵科技（Trane）和江森自控（Johnson Controls）等公司为数据中心提供的核心设备之一。 周二数据中心制冷设备的相关概念股普跌。江森自控股价一度暴跌11%，创2022年以来最大盘中跌幅。摩丁制造（Modine Manufacturing）跌幅一 度约21%后有所收窄至7.44%。特灵科技同样走低。 液冷技术演进引发需求担忧 此次抛售反映出投资者对人工智能基础设施投资逻辑的重新评估，去年这些公司股价因AI热潮大幅上涨，江森自控2025年累计上涨52%。 Baird分析师Timothy Wojs在给客户的报告中指出： 黄仁勋的言论引发了关于冷水机组在数据中心长期定位的一些问题和担忧，尤其是在液冷技术日益普及的情况下。 Mitchell写道： 考虑到英伟达在整个AI生态系统中的重要地位，不应轻视他们的言论，尽管这些言论乍一看似乎有些夸张。 分析师称抛售 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes investment opportunities in the AI-driven growth of the equipment manufacturing industry, particularly in AI edge applications and computing infrastructure [1][2]. Group 1: AI Edge Applications - The AI edge sector is expected to see rapid growth, including humanoid robots, smart manufacturing with AI (mobile robots, collaborative robots), and various consumer AI products (e.g., AI smartphones, AI glasses, AI rings) [1]. - This growth will lead to a new cycle of demand for 3C devices and subsequently a new investment cycle in semiconductor equipment due to increased needs for training, inference, and storage chips [1]. Group 2: Computing Infrastructure - Investment in computing infrastructure is crucial for the implementation of AI edge applications. The article predicts rapid growth in AIDC investments, particularly in primary and secondary cooling solutions, recommending investments in chillers and core components like refrigeration compressors and water pumps [1]. - The article also highlights investment opportunities in energy solutions benefiting from power shortages, such as gas-fired power generation combined with heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) and solar-storage systems [1]. Group 3: Export Recovery in Machinery Manufacturing - The article identifies three main drivers for the expected recovery of machinery manufacturing exports by 2026: 1. A recovery in overseas demand due to the anticipated interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve, which will boost global industrial product demand, particularly in categories related to real estate [2]. 2. Strong infrastructure demand in countries along the "Belt and Road" initiative, with significant growth in the Middle East's natural gas extraction sector, leading to increased exports of domestic oil service equipment [2]. 3. The demand for AI computing power is creating a gap in electricity supply, driving growth in gas turbines and diesel generator sets, as well as increased demand for drilling equipment and materials used in PCB production [2].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating The provided content does not include the report industry investment rating. 2. Core Views - The Chinese refrigeration and air - conditioning equipment industry is at a critical turning point. The domestic household market is in a stable development stage dominated by stock replacement demand, and growth is driven by the improvement of energy - efficiency standards. The report analyzes structural growth opportunities and long - term evolution trends by benchmarking overseas leading companies [2]. - Overseas expansion should focus on local in - depth development and value extension of the industrial chain. It is a systematic project, and mergers and acquisitions are strategic choices. Chinese enterprises are moving from the initial stage of "Made in China, Sold Globally" to the new stage of globalization of "brand, technology, and management" [2]. - The commercial refrigeration field, especially the data center refrigeration track, is a short - term growth highlight. The capital expenditure of overseas HVAC giants is directed towards data center infrastructure, and there is a market for high - end refrigeration solutions due to the need to improve energy efficiency and reduce PUE [2]. - Investment suggestions: In the household refrigeration equipment field, pay attention to industry leaders such as Midea Group; in the special - purpose refrigeration equipment field, focus on companies like Invic and Shenling Environment; for upstream components, pay attention to Hanzhong Precision Machinery, Binglun Environment, and Sanhua Intelligent Control [2]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalog 3.1 Traditional Refrigeration Equipment Overview - **Global Refrigeration and Air - Conditioning Market**: The global refrigeration and air - conditioning market has shown steady growth. From 2018 to 2024, the global air - conditioner sales increased from 232.5 million units to 261.2 million units, with a compound annual growth rate of 2.0%. The proportion of household air - conditioners in 2024 was 73.7%, and the central air - conditioning market grew faster, with a compound annual growth rate of 4.0% from 2018 to 2024. It is predicted that by 2028, the global air - conditioner sales will reach 293.3 million units, with a compound annual growth rate of 2.9% from 2024 to 2028. Asia, North America, and Europe are important regional markets, and China is the largest single air - conditioning market [22]. - **Household Air - Conditioning**: In the 2024 cold year, China's household air - conditioner production accounted for 80.8% of the global total. Many domestic enterprises are increasing overseas layout. In the 2024 cold year, overseas production capacity increased by nearly 7 million units. In the 2025 cold year, domestic household air - conditioner exports were about 99.29 million units, a year - on - year increase of 16.7%, with the highest export proportion to Asia [28]. - **Central Air - Conditioning and Chiller Units**: There are various types of central air - conditioning and chiller units. The export of screw and centrifugal chiller units for data centers is strong. The Asian market has a large - scale demand and is gradually recovering, while the North American market has a prominent growth rate due to its small base. The domestic market is waiting to stabilize, and leading enterprises are strengthening their competitive advantages [33]. 3.2 Household Market: Domestic Sales Review and Challenges for Leading Companies - **Price Wars and Market Competition**: After several price wars, the concentration of the domestic household refrigeration and air - conditioning market has increased. The competition has evolved from scale and price to technology, product, channel, service, and ecosystem. In 2025, the domestic sales volume of household air - conditioners increased by 8.7% year - on - year, but the growth driven by policies and climate is difficult to sustain. The long - term driving force is stock replacement and structural upgrading [35][36]. - **Energy - Efficiency Upgrade**: China has introduced multiple air - conditioner energy - efficiency standards, which have promoted the transformation from fixed - frequency to variable - frequency air - conditioners. Leading enterprises have advantages in technology and industrial layout for energy - efficiency improvement [39]. - **Challenges for Leading Companies**: In 2024 - 2025, a new round of price wars occurred. Xiaomi's entry has challenged the traditional hardware - profit model. Leading companies are facing challenges in terms of efficiency and sustainable profit growth. They are promoting digital reform, channel and logistics innovation to enhance competitiveness [40][43][44]. 3.3 Overseas Expansion of Domestic Enterprises - **Difficulties and Solutions**: There are differences in regional usage habits overseas. The US market has high access barriers, and the European market has low air - conditioner penetration and high energy - efficiency requirements. Overseas acquisitions are an important way to enter the market. Chinese enterprises are accelerating overseas production capacity construction in Southeast Asia and other regions [52][54]. - **Southeast Asian Market**: Exports to ASEAN are on an upward trend. In 2024, China's cumulative exports of white goods to ASEAN reached $14.87 billion, a year - on - year increase of 19.8%. The demand in the ASEAN market is driven by urbanization and industrialization [63]. 3.4 Overview of Overseas Representative Enterprises' Operations - **Business Models and Strategies**: Overseas HVAC representative enterprises have different business models and strategies. Johnson Controls has transformed from an equipment manufacturer to a builder of smart building ecosystems; Trane Technologies has upgraded its services and transformed its strategy; Daikin has acquired relevant enterprises to supplement its data center refrigeration business [73][82]. - **Performance of Leading Enterprises**: Leading international enterprises such as Trane Technologies, Johnson Controls, Carrier Global, and Vertiv have shown different performance. They are all focusing on high - growth areas such as data center refrigeration [83][86][87][88]. 3.5 Commercial Market: Pay Attention to Refrigeration Demand in Data Centers - **Demand for Data Center Refrigeration**: The development of AI and other industries is expected to drive the construction of data centers. The demand for data center capacity is expected to increase at a compound average growth rate of 19% from 2023 to 2030. Reducing the energy consumption of refrigeration equipment is crucial for the green and low - carbon development of data centers [94]. - **Refrigeration Technologies**: There are various data center refrigeration technologies, including water - cooled, air - cooled, indirect evaporation cooling, "glacier" phase - change cooling, and liquid cooling. Liquid cooling has advantages in energy consumption, and the development of liquid - cooling technology is a trend [96][104]. - **Investment Suggestions**: Enterprises in different segments are recommended, including traditional HVAC enterprises such as Midea Group, precision temperature - control equipment enterprises such as Invic, special - purpose air - conditioner manufacturers such as Shenling Environment, and upstream component enterprises such as Hanzhong Precision Machinery, Binglun Environment, and Sanhua Intelligent Control [112][113].

Group 1 - The rapid growth of the cooling business in AI data centers is driven by the increasing demand for cooling solutions due to the surge in global computing power investments, with major cloud providers' capital expenditures reaching nearly $100 billion in Q3 2025, a year-on-year increase of over 70% [2][5] - The cooling system's core component is the chiller, which accounts for approximately 40% of the total energy consumption of data centers, with chillers consuming about 60-85% of the cooling equipment's energy [12][17] - Liquid cooling solutions are emerging as a key technology to meet the stringent PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness) requirements, with the potential to reduce PUE to around 1.2, significantly improving energy efficiency [9][14] Group 2 - Compressors are the core components of chillers, with magnetic levitation centrifugal compressors expected to become mainstream due to their higher cooling efficiency and lower energy consumption compared to screw compressors, potentially saving over 40% in energy [3][18] - The market for magnetic levitation chillers is projected to reach approximately 28.83 billion yuan by 2026, with a year-on-year growth of 70.4% if all new AI data centers adopt this technology [3][18] - Domestic manufacturers are making technological breakthroughs in key components of magnetic levitation compressors, which may lead to a gradual replacement of foreign brands in the market [3][49] Group 3 - The increasing power density of AI servers necessitates higher cooling capacities, with single cabinet power requirements exceeding 50 kW, driving the demand for more efficient cooling solutions [8][39] - The shift from traditional air cooling to liquid cooling is essential for meeting the cooling demands of high-density AI data centers, with centrifugal compressors being more suitable for large-scale cooling needs [39][41] - The adoption of magnetic levitation technology in centrifugal compressors enhances their efficiency and durability, making them well-suited for the high power demands of AI data centers [43][46]

Summary of Icewheel Environment Conference Call Company Overview - Icewheel Environment is a leading player in the domestic cold chain equipment industry, possessing independent intellectual property rights for screw refrigeration compressors. The company has a comprehensive technology system and competitive advantages in technology levels, serving the global market through its manufacturing bases [2][3]. Core Business Segments - The company operates in four main segments: cold chain equipment, energy and chemical equipment, central air conditioning, and industrial heat management. In 2024, the revenue breakdown is as follows: - Cold chain equipment: over 30% - Energy and chemical equipment: approximately 25% - Central air conditioning: about 33% - Industrial heat management: less than 10% [3][7]. Financial Performance - For 2024, the subsidiary Shun'an Bush is expected to achieve revenue of 2.26 billion RMB and a net profit of 243 million RMB, indicating a good growth trend [2]. - The overseas revenue for 2024 is projected to be close to 2 billion RMB, a year-on-year increase of 21%, accounting for 29.8% of total revenue. By the first half of 2025, the overseas revenue proportion has exceeded 30% [2][8]. Growth Drivers - The data center and industrial heat management segments are anticipated to be significant growth drivers in the coming quarters. The data center business is expected to rapidly increase its revenue share, while industrial heat management will benefit from policy support [9]. Competitive Advantages - Icewheel Environment's competitive advantages include: 1. A complete technology system, being the only domestic company with independent intellectual property for screw refrigeration compressors [3]. 2. High technical standards, with products recognized in national technology advancement awards [5][6]. 3. A global manufacturing base that allows the company to serve international markets effectively [5][10]. Market Outlook - The industrial heat management market is expected to grow rapidly in the next five years, driven by energy-saving and carbon reduction policies. This segment is projected to become a new growth point for the company [7][14]. - The company is expanding its overseas manufacturing bases to address the supply-demand imbalance in global chiller production, particularly in the North American market [4][11]. Challenges and Future Expectations - Traditional business segments, including cold chain and industrial energy chemical orders, have faced challenges due to declining capital expenditures in industries like photovoltaic polysilicon. However, recent trends indicate stabilization, with a 40.5% positive growth in contract liabilities in Q3 2025, suggesting a recovery in revenue and profit in the upcoming quarters [15]. - The company's current PE valuation is approximately 16 times based on 2026 earnings, which is within the historical range and provides a safety margin for investors [16]. Conclusion - Icewheel Environment is well-positioned for future growth, particularly in the data center and industrial heat management sectors, supported by its technological advantages and global market presence. The company’s financial recovery and strategic expansion plans indicate a positive outlook for investors [9][16].

Core Viewpoint - The company, Weili (300190.SZ), has provided insights into its cooling technologies, specifically liquid cooling and deep cooling, highlighting their applications and technical challenges in the oil and gas recovery and VOCs treatment sectors [1] Summary by Relevant Sections Liquid Cooling Technology - Liquid cooling operates on passive/active heat exchange principles, where liquid absorbs heat from a heat source and releases it into the air through a radiator [1] - The cooling system primarily maintains temperatures within a reasonable range, with the cooling source temperature typically above zero degrees Celsius [1] Deep Cooling Technology - Deep cooling utilizes phase change refrigeration and refrigeration cycles, employing refrigerants like liquid nitrogen and helium to absorb heat through evaporation or throttling expansion [1] - This technology is designed to create and maintain extremely low-temperature environments, with cooling source temperatures ranging from 5 to -75 degrees Celsius for VOCs condensation [1] - The technical challenges include low-temperature embrittlement, explosion prevention, and anti-freezing measures, making deep cooling more complex than shallow cooling [1] Company Operations and Expertise - The company's subsidiary, Dole Refrigeration, specializes in oil and gas recovery and VOCs treatment, leveraging deep cooling principles in its products [1] - Dole Refrigeration has experience in producing conventional and medium-low temperature cooling equipment, and it has also supplied cooling units for petrochemical projects [1] - The company aims to expand its liquid cooling and refrigeration business by utilizing its accumulated customer resources and technical advantages, collaborating with Weili Energy through the Jiangsu Weinen Intelligent Cooling Technology Co., Ltd. platform [1]

Core Viewpoint - The company, Ice Wheel Environment (000811), has established strategic partnerships with local data center construction companies in North America to supply products such as chillers, heat exchangers, and coolers [1] Group 1 - The company has been consistently collaborating with North American data center builders according to local business practices [1] - The products provided by the company include chillers, heat exchangers, and coolers [1]

Group 1 - The China International Import Expo (CIIE) has attracted participation from 155 countries and regions, with 4,108 foreign enterprises showcasing their products, reflecting a shared desire for open development and opportunity among global businesses [1][3] - The cumulative intended transaction amount from the first seven CIIEs exceeded $500 billion, demonstrating China's commitment to sharing market opportunities [1][6] - The exhibition area for this year's CIIE exceeds 430,000 square meters, with 290 Fortune 500 companies and industry leaders participating, indicating the event's significance as a strategic platform for value creation [3][6] Group 2 - The event serves as an immersive experience of China's vast market advantages, with 461 new products, technologies, and services showcased across various cutting-edge fields, including low-altitude economy and artificial intelligence [3][4] - Companies like Honeywell and Danfoss are presenting innovative solutions, such as sustainable aviation fuel and green data center technologies, highlighting the focus on low-carbon transformation [5][4] - The CIIE has become a crucial channel for companies from various countries, including the U.S. and Nigeria, to explore cooperation opportunities and expand their market presence in China [6][8] Group 3 - China has maintained its position as the world's second-largest import market for 16 consecutive years, with imports of goods and services expected to exceed $15 trillion during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [8] - The CIIE has expanded in scale and diversity over the past eight years, allowing more innovative products to enter the Chinese market and encouraging multinational companies to deepen their presence in China [8][9] - Companies like Medtronic and Sanofi are actively enhancing their local operations and innovation efforts in China, recognizing the market's potential for growth [8][9]