《中国经济周刊》记者 孙 冰 孙庭阳 2024年开始，工业和信息化部等6部门连续两年联合开展智能工厂梯度培育行动，分基础级、先进级、 卓越级和领航级4个层级开展梯度培育。数据显示，"十四五"以来，我国已建成基础级智能工厂超3.5万 家、先进级智能工厂7000余家、卓越级智能工厂230余家，首批领航级智能工厂培育工作也在积极推进 中。在政策精准滴灌和企业主动求变下，制造业不断转型升级、拥抱智能，新型工业化建设动能澎湃。 ——编 者 提升智能制造水平，重塑全球对中国制造的认知 时光倒回到十几年前。从规模上看，中国已成为全球第一制造大国。但是，不少中国消费者选择从国外 背回日用品，这一现象引起了对中国制造"大而不强"的反思。 "发展智能制造，是形势所迫、发展所驱、强国所需。"工业和信息化部装备工业二司原一级巡视员王瑞 华介绍，当时她所在的部门负责智能制造工作。那时，国内很多企业对智能制造的意义认识还比较肤 浅，缺乏转型经验。"在这种情况下，我们提出，一方面，先搞试点摸索经验，通过示范，推广可复制 模式。另一方面，要因地制宜、因企施策，这也是基于我国制造业电气化、自动化、数字化并存的实 际。"王瑞华表示。 在王瑞华看 ...

智能制造成效显著，融入生产各个环节 智能制造需要智能工厂。国家智能制造专家委员会委员、国家智能制造标准化专家咨询组副组长郝玉成 介绍，智能工厂是应用物联网、大数据、人工智能等新一代信息技术，实现生产装备、生产过程、生产 经营全面智能化的新型工厂形态。 2024年开始，工业和信息化部等6部门连续两年联合开展智能工厂梯度培育行动，分基础级、先进级、 卓越级和领航级4个层级开展梯度培育。数据显示，"十四五"以来，我国已建成基础级智能工厂超3.5万 家、先进级智能工厂7000余家、卓越级智能工厂230余家，首批领航级智能工厂培育工作也在积极推进 中。在政策精准滴灌和企业主动求变下，制造业不断转型升级、拥抱智能，新型工业化建设动能澎湃。 ——编者 提升智能制造水平，重塑全球对中国制造的认知 时光倒回到十几年前。从规模上看，中国已成为全球第一制造大国。但是，不少中国消费者选择从国外 背回日用品，这一现象引起了对中国制造"大而不强"的反思。 "发展智能制造，是形势所迫、发展所驱、强国所需。"工业和信息化部装备工业二司原一级巡视员王瑞 华介绍，当时她所在的部门负责智能制造工作。那时，国内很多企业对智能制造的意义认识还比较肤 ...

9月初，墨西哥政府宣布计划对未与其签订贸易协议的国家上调进口关税。专家分析认为，这明显是墨 西哥在美国压力下做出的决定。紧接着在9月9日，特朗普公开呼吁欧盟应对购买俄罗斯能源的中国、印 度等国征收100%的二级关税，企图借此向俄罗斯施压。这些举动表明，美国正试图组建一个针对中国 的关税联盟。 今年以来，美国政府持续向盟友施压，要求他们对中国商品加征关税。虽然取得了一些成效，但并未获 得广泛支持。最新动态显示，美方的施压行动正在变本加厉。 美国还积极拉拢中国周边国家。7月与越南达成协议，对经越南转运的中国商品征收40%高关税。同 月，韩国也宣布对中国热轧钢板征收最高33.57%的反倾销税，时机恰好在美韩经贸谈判期间，讨好美 国的意图十分明显。 美国组建关税联盟主要有三个：一是封堵中国商品通过第三国转口的渠道；二是借助盟友力量共同遏制 中国；三是让别国承担贸易战的主要代价。但历史证明，贸易战没有赢家。中国外交部已明确表态，反 对任何国家在美国胁迫下对华设限。那些打算追随美国对中国加税的国家，确实需要慎重考虑后果。 仔细观察近期全球多国对华关税政策的调整，几乎都能发现美国在背后推波助澜。9月4日，墨西哥总统 辛鲍姆 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the challenges faced by South Korean President Lee Jae-myung in navigating the complex dynamics of U.S.-China relations, particularly under pressure from the U.S. following trade agreements with Japan, Vietnam, and Indonesia [1][3][4] - Lee Jae-myung's refusal to attend China's anti-Japanese war victory commemoration is seen as a response to the tense U.S.-China relationship, indicating the difficulties of maintaining a balanced foreign policy [1][4] - The recent trade agreement between Japan and the U.S., which includes a 15% tariff on U.S. cars and a $550 billion investment from Japan, raises concerns in South Korea about potential punitive measures from the U.S. against Korean automotive exports [3][4] Group 2 - The cancellation of a scheduled meeting between South Korean officials and U.S. Treasury Secretary, attributed to the latter's busy schedule, is interpreted as a strategic move by Trump to gain leverage in negotiations with South Korea [3] - In response to the pressure, Lee Jae-myung's administration imposed anti-dumping duties on hot-rolled steel from China, perceived as an attempt to curry favor with the U.S. [3] - The article underscores the precarious position of South Korea in international relations, illustrating the challenges faced by smaller nations in the geopolitical tug-of-war between larger powers [4]

Core Viewpoint - The South Korean government, led by Lee Jae-myung, is facing significant challenges regarding tariffs and trade relations with the United States, particularly after a planned high-level economic meeting was abruptly canceled by U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen [1][3]. Group 1: Trade Relations and Tariffs - South Korea is attempting to negotiate tariff exemptions with the U.S. by offering deeper industrial cooperation in sectors like shipbuilding and semiconductors [1][3]. - The South Korean government has previously struggled to convince the Trump administration to ease tariffs, indicating a history of diplomatic challenges in this area [3]. - In response to U.S. pressure, South Korea is considering opening its fuel market and encouraging domestic companies to present a substantial investment package to the U.S. [3][4]. Group 2: Domestic and International Implications - South Korea has decided to impose temporary anti-dumping duties on hot-rolled steel plates imported from China, which is seen as a move to protect domestic industries during an investigation [4][6]. - The decision to impose tariffs on Chinese imports is coupled with similar measures against Japanese steel, suggesting a broader strategy rather than a direct attack on China [6]. - The South Korean media has reported that the U.S. is pressuring South Korea to expand the scope of the U.S.-Korea Mutual Defense Treaty to include the entire Indo-Pacific region, particularly concerning Taiwan [6][8]. Group 3: Economic Consequences - China remains South Korea's largest trading partner, with bilateral trade expected to exceed $310 billion in 2024, raising concerns about the economic impact of tariff measures against Chinese goods [8][10]. - The potential involvement of South Korea in Taiwan-related issues could severely damage the political foundation of Sino-Korean relations, reminiscent of past tensions caused by the THAAD missile defense system [8][10]. Group 4: Strategic Considerations - The South Korean business community generally favors maintaining good relations with China, while the government faces pressure from the U.S. to take actions that may harm these relations [10][12]. - Analysts suggest that while South Korea may increase military spending under U.S. pressure, direct involvement in Taiwan conflicts is unlikely due to regional security concerns [10][12]. - The Chinese government has firmly stated its opposition to any agreements that compromise its interests, warning South Korea against using Chinese interests as leverage in negotiations with the U.S. [12][14].

Group 1 - South Korea has unexpectedly shifted its stance in handling China-US relations, imposing anti-dumping duties on China while showing intentions to engage in Taiwan Strait issues [1][3] - The cancellation of the scheduled US-Korea "2+2" economic talks did not deter the South Korean economic delegation from pursuing tariff negotiations, indicating a strong commitment to international trade cooperation [1][3] - South Korea's Ministry of Trade decided to impose temporary anti-dumping duties on hot-rolled steel plates and single-mode optical fibers from China, aiming to protect domestic industries during formal investigations [3][4] Group 2 - The economic relationship between China and South Korea is closely intertwined, and the imposition of anti-dumping duties by South Korea could disrupt normal trade and cooperation between the two countries [4][6] - Analysts suggest that while South Korea may increase military spending, the likelihood of direct involvement in Taiwan Strait affairs remains low, although vigilance is necessary due to potential trade-offs with the US [6] - China has expressed strong opposition to any actions that sacrifice its interests for US concessions, indicating readiness to take decisive measures to protect its rights in the international trade environment [6]

Core Viewpoint - The recent decision by South Korean President Lee Jae-myung to impose tariffs on China has surprised many, reflecting the complex geopolitical pressures he faces in balancing relations with both the U.S. and China [1][10]. Group 1: Diplomatic Strategy - Lee Jae-myung has expressed a desire for South Korea to pursue multilateral diplomacy, aiming to ease tensions with China and North Korea to create a more favorable development environment [3]. - The long-standing influence of the U.S. on South Korean politics complicates Lee's diplomatic stance, as many political factions prioritize U.S. interests in foreign policy [5]. - Lee's administration is under pressure to maintain a balance between domestic political challenges and the need to navigate the strategic interests of both the U.S. and China [5][8]. Group 2: Economic Implications - The tariffs imposed on Chinese products, including hot-rolled steel, range from 28.16% to 3.57%, although they only affect 1.3% of China's total hot-rolled steel exports [10]. - This decision is seen as a compromise to appease U.S. expectations while minimizing backlash from China [13]. - The economic relationship with the U.S. has deepened, leading to increased pressure on South Korea's economy, including currency fluctuations and rising living costs [8]. Group 3: Military and Strategic Autonomy - Lee aims to regain wartime operational control of the South Korean military from the U.S., which would enhance South Korea's autonomy in military decision-making [8][10]. - The ongoing negotiations regarding military agreements with the U.S. are critical, as they may involve contentious issues such as the inclusion of Taiwan in defense treaties [7][10]. - Lee's cautious approach to military and diplomatic engagements reflects the delicate balance he must maintain to avoid being perceived as overly aligned with either the U.S. or China [10][13].

Core Viewpoint - Despite a downturn in the construction industry leading to weakened steel demand, China continues to maintain high production levels and is exporting large quantities to neighboring countries, resulting in increased trade friction surrounding steel products [1][2]. Group 1: Steel Demand and Prices - The circulating price of hot-rolled steel plates in the Tokyo area is approximately 112,500 yen per ton, a decrease of 4% compared to the end of June, marking the lowest level since August 2021 [2]. - Japan's steel demand is low due to factors such as uncertainty related to U.S. tariff policies, labor shortages, and extreme heat, which hinder construction projects [2]. - In June, China's steel exports reached 9.67 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 10.7%, while total exports from January to June amounted to 58.14 million tons, a historical high for the same period [2]. Group 2: Trade Friction and Anti-Dumping Measures - Japan is initiating an anti-dumping tariff investigation on nickel-based stainless steel cold-rolled sheets and cold-rolled steel plates, targeting products from mainland China and Taiwan [3]. - The global number of anti-dumping investigations related to steel reached a historical high of 41 in 2024, with 30 cases specifically targeting China [3]. - Countries are increasingly seeking to exclude low-priced imported steel, leading to an oversupply of Chinese steel in the market [3].

Group 1 - The South Korean government announced a 21.62% anti-dumping tax on Chinese stainless steel plates for five years, escalating trade tensions despite previous commitments to ease relations with China [1][3] - In response, China extended anti-dumping duties on stainless steel billets and hot-rolled coils from South Korea, the EU, the UK, and Indonesia, with rates as high as 103.1% [3][4] - The steel industry is crucial for China's manufacturing sector, and the anti-dumping measures reflect a strategic response to protect domestic industries from external low-price dumping [4][14] Group 2 - South Korea's actions are part of a broader strategy that includes investigations into various steel and chemical products, indicating a comprehensive approach to trade protection [3][4] - The anti-dumping measures from China are based on a systematic logic, with a history of investigations dating back to 2019, and are designed to prevent Korean companies from benefiting from the expiration of previous tariffs [4][14] - The trade conflict is influenced by U.S. pressure, as South Korea faces potential automotive tariffs from the U.S. if it does not impose higher tariffs on Chinese steel products [6][7] Group 3 - The South Korean steel and chemical industries are under significant pressure, with capacity utilization rates projected to drop from 82% in 2023 to 68% by 2025, leading to potential closures of over 30 small and medium-sized steel firms [7][11] - China's anti-dumping measures include exemptions for certain companies, such as POSCO, if they maintain export prices above a specified threshold, indicating a more nuanced approach compared to South Korea's blanket measures [4][5] - The ongoing trade tensions highlight the delicate balance South Korea must maintain in its foreign relations, particularly in the context of its economic dependencies on both the U.S. and China [14][15]

Group 1 - The UK Trade Remedies Authority has initiated an anti-dumping investigation into hot-rolled steel plates imported from South Korea [1]