1月27日，中国人民银行发布2025年四季度金融机构贷款投向统计报告。据中国人民银行统计，2025年 四季度末，金融机构人民币各项贷款余额271.91万亿元，同比增长6.4%，全年人民币贷款增加16.27万 亿元。其中，普惠小微贷款余额同比增长11.1%，增速比各项贷款高4.7个百分点；房地产贷款余额同比 下降1.6%，全年减少9636亿元；不含个人住房贷款的消费性贷款余额同比增长0.7%。 普惠小微贷款余额同比增11.1% 央行数据显示，我国企事业单位贷款增速回升。2025年四季度末，本外币企事业单位贷款余额186.21万 亿元，同比增长8.9%，增速比上季度末高0.7个百分点，全年增加15.24万亿元。工业中长期贷款增长则 较为平稳。2025年四季度末，本外币工业中长期贷款余额26.63万亿元，同比增长8.4%，增速比各项贷 款高2.2个百分点，全年增加2.11万亿元。 涉农贷款持续增加。2025年四季度末，本外币涉农贷款3余额53.57万亿元，同比增长6.5%，增速比各项 贷款高0.3个百分点，全年增加3.44万亿元。 房地产贷款余额同比下降1.6% 与上述领域贷款增长不同，房地产贷款有所放缓。2025 ...

新华社北京1月27日电（记者吴雨）中国人民银行1月27日发布的数据显示，2025年四季度末，获得贷款 支持的科技型中小企业27.5万家，获贷率为50.2%，比上年末高2个百分点。本外币科技型中小企业贷款 余额3.63万亿元，同比增长19.8%，增速比各项贷款高13.6个百分点。 此外，2025年四季度末，人民币房地产贷款余额51.95万亿元，同比下降1.6%，全年减少9636亿元。 【纠错】 【责任编辑:谷玥】 报告显示，2025年普惠小微贷款增长较快。2025年四季度末，人民币普惠小微贷款余额36.57万亿元， 同比增长11.1%，全年增加3.63万亿元；单户授信小于500万元的农户经营性贷款余额9.81万亿元，全年 增加2414亿元。 2025年绿色贷款快速增长，当年全年本外币绿色贷款增加7.72万亿元。与此同时，涉农贷款持续增加， 2025年四季度末，本外币涉农贷款余额53.57万亿元，同比增长6.5%。 过去一年，企事业单位贷款是信贷增长的主体。中国人民银行发布的金融机构贷款投向统计报告显示， 2025年本外币企事业单位贷款增加15.24万亿元，占全部新增贷款九成以上。其中，中长期贷款增加8.69 万 ...

房地产贷款余额同比下降1.6% 1月27日，中国人民银行发布2025年四季度金融机构贷款投向统计报告。据中国人民银行统计，2025年 四季度末，金融机构人民币各项贷款余额271.91万亿元，同比增长6.4%，全年人民币贷款增加16.27万 亿元。其中，普惠小微贷款余额同比增长11.1%，增速比各项贷款高4.7个百分点；房地产贷款余额同比 下降1.6%，全年减少9636亿元；不含个人住房贷款的消费性贷款余额同比增长0.7%。 普惠小微贷款余额同比增11.1% 央行数据显示，我国企事业单位贷款增速回升。2025年四季度末，本外币企事业单位贷款余额186.21万 亿元，同比增长8.9%，增速比上季度末高0.7个百分点，全年增加15.24万亿元。工业中长期贷款增长则 较为平稳。2025年四季度末，本外币工业中长期贷款余额26.63万亿元，同比增长8.4%，增速比各项贷 款高2.2个百分点，全年增加2.11万亿元。 普惠小微贷款增长较快。2025年四季度末，人民币普惠小微贷款余额36.57万亿元，同比增长11.1%，增 速比各项贷款高4.7个百分点，全年增加3.63万亿元。单户授信小于500万元的农户经营性贷款余额9. ...

Core Insights - The development of inclusive finance in China has been steadily advancing since the issuance of the "Plan for Promoting the Development of Inclusive Finance (2016-2020)" in 2015, with significant improvements in financial service coverage and quality [1] Timeline of Development - In 2015, the "Plan for Promoting the Development of Inclusive Finance (2016-2020)" was issued [3] - In 2016, the G20 Hangzhou Summit adopted the "G20 High-Level Principles for Digital Inclusive Finance" [3] - In 2017, the Fifth National Financial Work Conference emphasized the need to build an inclusive financial system [3] - In 2019, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China stressed the importance of a modern financial system that is highly adaptable, competitive, and inclusive [3] - In 2020, the People's Bank of China established support tools for small and micro enterprises [3] - In 2023, the State Council issued "Implementation Opinions on Promoting High-Quality Development of Inclusive Finance" [3] - In 2024, the Financial Regulatory Administration released a notice to improve financial services for small and micro enterprises [3] - In 2025, the Financial Regulatory Administration and the People's Bank of China will issue an implementation plan for high-quality development in the banking and insurance sectors [3] Key Indicator Analysis - The number of bank accounts and digital payment transactions has shown growth, with electronic payment transactions reaching 339.53 trillion yuan in 2024, a year-on-year increase of 1.86% [5] - The balance of inclusive small and micro enterprise loans reached 36.5 trillion yuan in 2024, up from 32.58 trillion yuan in 2023, reflecting a growth of 6% [10] - The balance of loans for technology-based small and medium enterprises reached 3.27 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 21.2%, outpacing the growth rate of other loans by 14 percentage points [11] - The balance of consumer loans, excluding personal housing loans, was 21.29 trillion yuan in 2024, compared to 20.43 trillion yuan in 2023 [9] Accessibility Dimension - By the end of 2024, there will be an average of three bank outlets per township, with a coverage rate of 97.9% for insurance services [14][15] - There are 59.28 million rural cash withdrawal service points, with rural payment transactions reaching 3.99 billion [17] Quality Dimension - 67.4% of respondents recognize that high returns on financial products often imply high risks, indicating a more rational attitude towards financial product investments [18] - The total credit amount reached 22.9 trillion yuan by the end of 2024, with a year-on-year growth of 1% [19]

Core Viewpoint - In 2025, China's economy remains stable overall, but insufficient effective demand poses a significant challenge. The banking sector demonstrates resilience, with signs of stabilization in net interest margins and accelerated recovery in non-interest income, while asset quality remains generally controllable [1] Group 1: Internal Macro Environment Analysis - In the first three quarters of 2025, China's GDP reached 101.5 trillion yuan, growing by 5.2% year-on-year, with a quarterly decline in growth momentum: 5.4% in Q1, 5.2% in Q2, and 4.8% in Q3 [2] - Effective demand remains insufficient, highlighted by a slowdown in consumption growth, with retail sales increasing by 4.5% year-on-year, down 0.5 percentage points from the first half of the year [3] - The real estate market remains weak, impacting consumer expectations, with national commercial housing sales area declining by 5.5% year-on-year in September [4] Group 2: Banking Industry Operating Conditions - In the first three quarters of 2025, 42 A-share listed banks achieved a total operating income of over 4.3 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.9%, and a net profit of 1.68 trillion yuan, up 1.5% from the previous year [4][5] - Asset quality improved, with 25 banks reporting a year-on-year decline in non-performing loan ratios, while 33 banks saw a decrease in provision coverage ratios [5][6] - The net interest margin showed signs of stabilization, with 12 out of 26 banks reporting either stable or increased margins, attributed to manageable negative impacts from monetary policy adjustments [6][7] Group 3: Banking Industry Regulatory Environment - Since 2025, financial regulatory authorities have focused on balancing development and safety, enhancing the financial regulatory framework to promote high-quality development and systemic risk prevention [7][10] - New regulations have been introduced, such as the Market Risk Management Measures for Commercial Banks, which clarify responsibilities and improve market risk management [8] - The regulatory framework emphasizes a coordinated approach to risk prevention, strong regulation, and promoting development, aiming to create a supportive environment for the banking sector and the real economy [10]

Core Insights - The People's Bank of China released the "Analysis Report on China's Inclusive Finance Indicators (2024-2025)", highlighting 2024 as a crucial year for achieving the goals of the 14th Five-Year Plan, amidst increasing external pressures and internal challenges [1] Group 1: Financial Support and Development - Financial support for rural revitalization is strengthening, with increased financial resources directed towards agricultural sectors, and a steady growth in the balance of loans for farmers and consumer loans [2] - Credit support for private and small micro enterprises continues to increase, with a growing scale of loans for the private economy and improved quality of inclusive small micro loans [2] - The policies for entrepreneurship guarantee loans and student loans for key groups have been further optimized, enhancing accessibility to financial services for the elderly and disabled [2] Group 2: Digital Finance and Payment Systems - The number of bank settlement accounts is on the rise, with improved service efficiency, and the pilot application of digital RMB has expanded to 26 regions across 17 provinces [2] - The scale of digital payments is steadily increasing, reflecting a broader adoption of digital finance solutions [2] Group 3: Financing Mechanisms and Capital Markets - The financing support mechanisms are being continuously improved, with the launch of a national credit information sharing platform for small and micro enterprises [2] - The inclusiveness and accessibility of multi-level capital markets are enhancing, with ongoing pilot programs in the Beijing Stock Exchange and New Third Board [2] - The issuance and existence of rural revitalization bonds and asset-backed securities remain stable, supporting agricultural risk management [2] Group 4: Insurance and Risk Management - The supply system for inclusive insurance products is being further developed, with ongoing optimization of insurance policies for key grain crops [2] - Both insurance density and depth have increased, along with a rise in the scale of agricultural insurance risk coverage and claims payments [2]

Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China is conducting a survey to assess the development of inclusive finance in 2024, focusing on various dimensions such as usage, accessibility, and quality, and will release an analysis report for 2024-2025 [1] Group 1: Financial Support and Policy Measures - Various departments are enhancing the quality and effectiveness of inclusive finance through multiple measures, including the implementation of monetary policy tools to create a favorable financial environment [2] - The government is focusing on the financial support for the private economy and small and micro enterprises, with initiatives to improve financial services and establish a long-term lending mechanism [2] - There is a special action plan for financial support in rural revitalization, aiming to improve the rural financial service system and direct financial resources towards rural development [2] Group 2: Trends in Inclusive Finance - In 2024, inclusive finance in China shows new characteristics, such as increased financial support for rural revitalization, with growing loan balances for agricultural operations and consumption [3] - There is a sustained increase in credit support for private and small micro enterprises, with a notable rise in loans for technology-based small and medium enterprises [3] - The product system for financial services in the livelihood sector is becoming increasingly diverse, with optimized policies for entrepreneurship and student loans [3] Group 3: Digital and Technological Advancements - The number of bank settlement accounts is increasing, and the efficiency of account services is improving, with the digital RMB pilot expanding to 26 regions [3] - A national credit information sharing platform for small and micro enterprises has been launched, enhancing the coverage of financial credit information databases [3] Group 4: Capital Market and Insurance Developments - The inclusiveness and accessibility of multi-level capital markets are improving, with ongoing pilot programs in the Beijing Stock Exchange and the New Third Board [3] - The supply system for inclusive insurance products is being further developed, with an increase in agricultural insurance risk coverage and claims payments [3]

Core Insights - In 2024, inclusive finance in China continues to show strong development momentum while presenting new characteristics [1] Group 1: Financial Support for Rural Revitalization - Financial resources are increasingly directed towards rural revitalization, with growth in agricultural operating loans and consumer loans, and a steady expansion in loan coverage for impoverished populations [1] Group 2: Support for Private and Small Enterprises - Continuous increase in credit support for private and small enterprises, with a growing scale of loans to the private economy and a favorable trend in inclusive small and micro loans, characterized by volume growth, price reduction, and quality improvement [1] - Rapid growth in loans to technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises, with an increasing loan approval rate [1] Group 3: Optimized Loan Policies for Key Groups - Further optimization of entrepreneurship guarantee loans and student loan policies for key groups, with improved accessibility of banking services for the elderly and disabled [1] - A richer product system to meet the financial service needs in the livelihood sector [1] Group 4: Increase in Bank Account Services - Continuous increase in the number of bank settlement accounts and improved service efficiency [1] - Expansion of digital RMB application trials to 26 regions across 17 provinces (municipalities), with a steady increase in digital payment scale [1] Group 5: Enhanced Financing Mechanisms - Continuous improvement of financing support mechanisms, including the launch of a national credit information sharing platform for small and micro enterprises [1] - Increasing coverage of financial credit information databases for enterprises and organizations, with rapid growth in local credit platform services [1] - Expansion of government financing guarantee business scale [1] Group 6: Inclusive Capital Markets - Enhanced inclusiveness and accessibility of multi-level capital markets, with in-depth promotion of inclusive finance pilots on the Beijing Stock Exchange and New Third Board [1] - Increasing variety of agricultural product futures and options, with a sustained increase in "insurance + futures" projects to manage agricultural risks [1] - Stable issuance and existence scale of rural revitalization bonds and asset-backed securities [1] Group 7: Improvement in Inclusive Insurance Products - Further improvement in the supply system of inclusive insurance products, with ongoing optimization of key grain crop insurance policies [1] - Increase in both insurance density and depth, along with growth in the scale of agricultural insurance risk coverage and claims payments [1]

Group 1 - The total balance of RMB loans in financial institutions reached 270.39 trillion yuan by the end of Q3, with a year-on-year growth of 6.6%, and an increase of 14.75 trillion yuan in the first three quarters [1] - Inclusive small and micro loans grew rapidly, with a balance of 36.09 trillion yuan by the end of Q3, a year-on-year increase of 12.2%, outpacing overall loan growth by 5.6 percentage points [1] - Green loans saw significant growth, with a balance of 43.51 trillion yuan by the end of Q3, up 17.5% from the beginning of the year, adding 6.47 trillion yuan in the first three quarters [1] Group 2 - Agricultural loans continued to grow, with a balance of 53.4 trillion yuan by the end of Q3, a year-on-year increase of 6.8%, and an addition of 3.28 trillion yuan in the first three quarters [1] - The number of technology-based small and medium enterprises receiving loan support reached 275,400, with a loan approval rate of 50.3%, up 2.8 percentage points from the same period last year [2] - The balance of loans for technology-based small and medium enterprises was 3.56 trillion yuan, showing a year-on-year growth of 22.3%, which is 15.8 percentage points higher than the overall loan growth rate [2]

Core Insights - The People's Bank of China reported a total RMB loan balance of 270.39 trillion yuan as of the end of Q3 2025, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 6.6% [1] - The report highlights a significant increase in medium to long-term loans for the industrial sector, with a balance of 26.59 trillion yuan, growing by 9.7% year-on-year, which is 3.2 percentage points higher than the overall loan growth rate [1] - The report indicates strong support for technology-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), with 27.54 million SMEs receiving loans, achieving a loan approval rate of 50.3%, up by 2.8 percentage points from the previous year [1] Loan Growth by Sector - Industrial medium to long-term loans saw a balance of 22.6 trillion yuan for heavy industry, with a year-on-year growth of 9.3%, while light industry loans reached 3.99 trillion yuan, growing by 12.3% [1] - The service sector's medium to long-term loans totaled 72.36 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 6.8%, slightly above the overall loan growth [1] - Excluding the real estate sector, service industry loans grew by 7.5%, while real estate loans increased by 4.4% year-on-year [1] Additional Loan Categories - The report notes stable growth in loans to enterprises and institutions, rapid growth in inclusive micro and small loans, and significant increases in green loans and agricultural loans [2] - Consumer loans for households continued to show growth, indicating a positive trend in consumer financing [2]