三季度总营收两年来首次同比加快增长，和数据中心收入齐创单季新高，后者同比增66%、环比增近25%；四季度营收 指引中值同比增65%，三季度毛利率略低于预期但四季度料升至75%、六个季度内首次同比提升。黄仁勋称，云GPU售 罄，训练和推理的计算需求均呈指数级增长。股价盘后一度涨超6%。CFO重申，新芯片未来几个季度料将创收5000亿美 元，称六年前发货的A100 GPU今年仍满负荷工作。 硬·AI 作者 | 李 丹 编辑 | 硬 AI 在投资者持续担心企业的人工智能（AI）领域超高投入难以为继之际，AI芯片龙头英伟达送来惊喜：上一 财季营收加快增长，增速重回60%以上，和数据中心的收入均创单季新高，体现AI基础设施需求持续强 劲，本财季的营收料将保持60%以上的增速，再度超出华尔街预期。 评论称，云GPU售罄通常是黄仁勋用来表明其芯片买家和用户——云服务商需求旺盛、且没有闲置产能的 惯用说法。这显然是他近期的宣传策略，意在安抚担心产能过剩的投资者。还有评论指出，财报显示，截 至 上财季末，英伟达持有现金及等价物606亿美元，显示其仍有充足的资金支持AI在新的经济领域应用。 财报公布后，收涨近3%的英伟达盘后涨幅 ...

在马来半岛南部柔佛州的普莱山山麓，棕榈种植园环抱着四座没有窗户的单层建筑，其内全年无休地发出持续的嗡鸣声。发出这些声音的，是同时运行云 计算和人工智能应用的高性能超级计算机，其中一些搭载了英伟达最先进的GB200芯片。 马来西亚柔佛州杨忠礼绿色数据中心园区。图片来源：Jonathan Burgos 杨忠礼集团的时机把握得恰到好处，其开发计划与马来西亚打造数字枢纽的雄心不谋而合。而柔佛州凭借充足的土地、电力和水资源——这些都是数据中 心的关键要素——已然成为热门选址。 在杨忠礼园区西北28公里处的士年纳科技园（Sedenak Tech Park），马来西亚亿万富豪郭鹤年（Robert Kuok）旗下的K2 Strategic（由其42岁的孙子郭孟维 执掌）计划在几年内将其在马来西亚的数据中心容量扩大三倍，达到240兆瓦。 "马来西亚的目标是到2030年成为领先的人工智能国家，利用人工智能提高生产力、改善公共服务，并建设可持续、包容且符合伦理的数字经济，"首相安 瓦尔·易卜拉欣上月在韩国亚太经合组织峰会上会见英伟达创始人兼首席执行官黄仁勋以及杨忠礼电力董事经理杨肃宏（Yeoh Seok Hong）后表示。 分析师 ...

Core Insights - Morgan Stanley's report highlights the increasing value of liquid cooling components in AI systems, with the GB300 NVL72 system's cooling component valued at $49,860, a 20% increase from the GB200 NVL72 system [1] - The next-generation Vera Rubin NVL144 platform is expected to see a 17% increase in cooling component costs, reaching approximately $55,710, driven by rising cooling demands for compute and switch trays [1][4] Industry Trends - The demand for liquid cooling solutions is surging due to the exponential increase in data center computing density, as traditional air cooling methods are inadequate for high-density computing equipment [5] - NVIDIA's GPUs are experiencing significant power increases, with TDPs projected to reach 2,300W for the Vera Rubin platform and 3,600W for the VR300 platform, making cooling capabilities a critical bottleneck for performance [5] Market Growth - IDC forecasts that China's liquid cooling server market will reach $3.39 billion by 2025, with a year-on-year growth of 42.6%, and a compound annual growth rate of 48% from 2025 to 2029, potentially exceeding $16.2 billion by 2028 [6] - NVIDIA's related chip cooling demand is expected to be a major driver of market growth [6] Stock Performance - Several liquid cooling concept stocks have seen significant price increases this year, with companies like Siyuan New Materials, Yinvik, and Kexin New Energy reporting over 50% revenue growth year-on-year [7] - Notable companies such as Ice Wheel Environment and Silver Wheel Co. have received extensive institutional research interest, indicating strong market confidence in the liquid cooling sector [7][10]

Core Insights - The essence of AI competition has shifted to an "electricity competition," with investment trends moving from traditional IT infrastructure to non-IT infrastructure such as power, cooling, and materials [1][6][12] - By 2030, China's non-IT infrastructure investment related to AI is expected to reach 800 billion RMB, with power systems dominating at 38%, followed by metals for data center construction at 12% and advanced cooling systems at 10% [2][9] Investment Trends - The investment wave in AI infrastructure is expanding beyond traditional chips and servers to include essential non-IT infrastructure [2] - Total capital expenditure for AI in China is projected to grow to 2-2.5 trillion RMB by 2030, with non-IT infrastructure accounting for one-third of this total [2] Power Consumption and Data Centers - The energy consumption of data centers in China is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18%, increasing from 102 TWh in 2024 to 277 TWh by 2030, representing 29% of global data center electricity consumption [3][9] - The rapid increase in power consumption is driven by the accelerated adoption of AI data centers (AIDC), which have significantly higher power requirements than traditional data centers [4] Key Drivers of Investment - The report identifies three main drivers for the surge in investment: the proliferation of AIDC, the deployment of high-performance chips, and the increasing power density of server cabinets [4][5][9] Opportunities in Power Supply - China has significant advantages in AI power infrastructure, including ample generation capacity, lower industrial electricity prices (30-60% lower than developed markets), a leading position in renewable energy supply chains, and a relatively young and robust power grid [12] - Five major investment opportunities are highlighted: nuclear power, electrical equipment, battery energy storage systems (BESS), diesel generators, and advanced power supply technologies [13][17][20][22][24] Cooling and Materials - Efficient cooling and essential raw materials are critical for AI infrastructure, with significant investment potential [25] - Liquid cooling technology is expected to grow rapidly, with a projected market size of 79 billion RMB by 2030, driven by the need for efficient heat management in high-density AI environments [26] - The demand for key metals such as copper and aluminum is also expected to rise, with copper consumption in AI data centers projected to reach approximately 1 million tons by 2030, accounting for 5-6% of national demand [27]

Core Insights - The article emphasizes that electricity supply is becoming a critical bottleneck for AI development, with China potentially having an advantage over the U.S. in this regard [1][3]. Group 1: Electricity Demand and Supply - The demand for electricity in AI data centers is expected to grow exponentially, with predictions indicating that by 2030, a single AI data center could require up to 8 GW of power, equivalent to eight large nuclear reactors [2]. - The existing electricity infrastructure in the U.S. is struggling to meet this surging demand, with some data centers in Northern Virginia facing power supply wait times of up to seven years [2]. - Companies like xAI are resorting to renting portable gas generators due to prolonged electricity supply wait times, leading to increased operational costs [2]. Group 2: U.S. Electricity Grid Challenges - The U.S. electricity grid is under significant strain, with Bernstein predicting that the average annual growth rate of electricity demand will reach 2.3% from 2024 to 2030, with regional variations as high as 13.4% in Texas [7]. - Investment in the electricity grid is primarily focused on maintaining existing infrastructure rather than expanding capacity, with only 28% of distribution investment allocated for expansion [8]. - The article highlights the risk of grid failures, citing historical outages that stemmed from insufficient investment in infrastructure [11]. Group 3: Innovations in Power Supply - Solid State Transformers (SST) are proposed as a solution to the electricity supply challenges faced by data centers, offering higher efficiency and reduced space requirements compared to traditional systems [16][21]. - SST technology can achieve an efficiency of up to 98%, significantly improving power delivery for AI workloads and reducing copper usage by 45% [21][27]. - The market potential for SST is substantial, with estimates suggesting a market size of 800-1000 billion yuan by 2030 if penetration reaches 20% in new AI data centers [27]. Group 4: Future Outlook - The article suggests that as the demand for electricity continues to rise, technology companies will likely engage in large-scale procurement of power resources, further straining the already tight electricity grid [7]. - The transition to renewable energy sources poses additional challenges for grid stability, necessitating innovative solutions to balance supply and demand [11].

Core Viewpoint - The investment opportunities in the artificial intelligence (AI) industry chain can be better grasped through a dual layout of chips and applications [1] Group 1: Chip Engine - The domestic computing power market is experiencing significant growth, with a projected market size of $50 billion and an annual compound growth rate of approximately 30% [3] - The domestic GPU market presents substantial investment opportunities, with several domestic computing power companies seeing notable increases in market value despite previous losses [2][3] - The penetration rate of domestic computing power chips is expected to rise from 20-30% this year to over 50% in the coming years, driven by advancements in domestic chip technology and restrictions on foreign chip procurement [4][6] Group 2: Application Engine - The application side is benefiting from the continuous evolution of large models, with domestic companies like Meituan releasing new versions of their AI models [8] - The demand for applications, including humanoid robots and AI-enabled consumer electronics, is expected to grow as the capabilities of large models improve, leading to clearer business models and enhanced monetization [9] - The AI market is transitioning from a training focus to a reasoning focus, with reasoning-side demand likely to dominate future AI computing power needs [9]

Core Viewpoint - The liquid cooling sector is poised to become a key investment direction in the AI computing revolution, with expectations of rapid growth in penetration rates and market demand [2][9][33]. Group 1: Market Dynamics - In August, the AI market sentiment expanded from optical modules and PCBs to include server power supplies and liquid cooling, with stocks like Invec and others reaching historical highs [1][14]. - The liquid cooling segment, previously seen as a laggard in AI trends, is now gaining fundamental support, indicating a shift from mere thematic speculation to a more robust market presence [1][33]. - The anticipated release of NVIDIA's GB200 and GB300 series chips is expected to drive the adoption of liquid cooling solutions, marking 2025 as a pivotal year for the sector [9][24]. Group 2: Technological Advancements - Liquid cooling technology is becoming a standard for next-generation computing products, with significant improvements in performance and efficiency compared to traditional air cooling [2][5]. - The transition from air cooling to liquid cooling is driven by the increasing power requirements of GPUs, with the B200 and B300 chips necessitating liquid cooling solutions due to their high power outputs [5][6]. - The introduction of new products supporting liquid cooling, such as AMD's MI350 series and Broadcom's Ethernet switches, signifies a broader acceptance and integration of liquid cooling technologies [7][9]. Group 3: Industry Growth Projections - TrendForce projects that the penetration rate of liquid cooling in AI data centers will increase from 14% in 2024 to 33% in 2025, driven by the mass production of NVIDIA's new server models [8][9]. - The market for liquid cooling components, including cold plates and heat exchange systems, is expected to expand significantly, with estimates suggesting a potential market size of 100 billion RMB by 2026 [12][9]. - The liquid cooling industry is anticipated to mirror the growth trajectories of optical modules and PCBs, with a strong likelihood of emerging leaders in the market [33][24]. Group 4: Competitive Landscape - Companies like Invec are positioned as key players in the liquid cooling supply chain, with significant stock price increases reflecting market confidence in their growth potential [14][17]. - The competitive landscape is characterized by two types of companies: system integrators like Invec and manufacturers focusing on individual components, each following distinct growth paths [25][26]. - The entry of domestic manufacturers into the global liquid cooling market is expected to follow the patterns seen in the PCB industry, with potential for substantial market share gains [19][24].

Core Viewpoint - The liquid cooling sector is poised to become a core investment direction in the AI computing revolution, with increasing penetration rates and a shift from speculative trading to fundamental support [4][6][10]. Group 1: Market Dynamics - In August, the AI market expansion spread from optical modules and PCBs to server power supplies and liquid cooling [1]. - Companies like Invec, Oulu Tong, and Megmeet have seen their stock prices reach historical highs, indicating a growing interest in the liquid cooling sector [2]. - The liquid cooling concept has been developing for nearly two years, but the actual market implementation has been slow [5][6]. Group 2: Technological Advancements - The demand for liquid cooling technology is becoming urgent with the release of NVIDIA's Blackwell series chips, which require advanced cooling solutions [8][10]. - The transition from air cooling to liquid cooling is driven by the increasing power requirements of GPUs, with the B200 and B300 chips necessitating liquid cooling solutions [7][8]. - The penetration rate of liquid cooling in AI data centers is expected to rise significantly, from 14% in 2024 to 33% in 2025, as major cloud service providers upgrade their infrastructure [12]. Group 3: Investment Opportunities - The liquid cooling market is projected to reach 100 billion RMB by 2026, driven by the increasing demand for AI servers and the expansion of liquid cooling solutions [15]. - Companies in the liquid cooling supply chain, such as Invec, have seen substantial stock price increases, with Invec's stock rising nearly 98% in August alone [17]. - The liquid cooling sector is expected to replicate the success of the optical module and PCB markets, with potential for significant growth and investment opportunities [20][27]. Group 4: Competitive Landscape - The liquid cooling industry can be divided into two categories: system integrators like Invec and manufacturers focusing on individual components [28]. - The entry of domestic manufacturers into the global liquid cooling supply chain is anticipated, similar to the previous trends seen in the PCB market [22][24]. - The high entry barriers in the liquid cooling sector are primarily due to the need for advanced system integration capabilities, which many manufacturers currently lack [32][35].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the rapid growth and potential of liquid cooling technology in the AI computing sector, highlighting its transition from a niche market to a standard requirement for next-generation computing products [4][11][36]. Group 1: Market Dynamics - In August, the AI market expanded from optical modules and PCBs to include server power supplies and liquid cooling systems [2]. - Companies like Invec, Oulu Tong, and Megmeet have seen their stock prices reach historical highs, indicating a shift in market sentiment towards liquid cooling as a viable investment opportunity [3][16]. - The liquid cooling sector, previously viewed as a laggard in AI trends, is now expected to become a leading investment focus due to its essential role in AI computing [4][16]. Group 2: Technological Advancements - Liquid cooling technology has evolved significantly over the past two years, with increasing expectations following the AI boom in 2023 [6][7]. - The introduction of high-power chips, such as NVIDIA's B200 and B300, necessitates liquid cooling solutions due to their high thermal output [7][8]. - The expected penetration rate of liquid cooling in AI data centers is projected to rise from 14% in 2024 to 33% in 2025, driven by the adoption of new server architectures [11][12]. Group 3: Investment Opportunities - The liquid cooling market is anticipated to reach a valuation of 100 billion RMB by 2026, driven by the increasing demand for AI servers and the corresponding rise in liquid cooling adoption [14][29]. - Companies within the liquid cooling supply chain, such as Invec and others, have experienced significant stock price increases, reflecting investor confidence in the sector's growth potential [16][19]. - The article suggests that the liquid cooling industry could replicate the success seen in the optical module and PCB markets, with potential new leaders emerging in the coming years [25][38]. Group 4: Competitive Landscape - The liquid cooling industry is characterized by two main types of companies: those with system design integration capabilities (e.g., Invec, Highlan) and those focused on manufacturing individual components [30][31]. - The article emphasizes the importance of system integration design capabilities as a high barrier to entry, which could limit competition from companies lacking experience in data center and server applications [34][35]. - As the market matures, the competitive landscape is expected to evolve, with a few key players dominating the supply chain, similar to trends observed in the PCB industry [29][36].

Group 1 - The global market appears to be driven by liquidity, with significant capital inflows into defense and cyclical stocks in the Eurozone, and nearly 1 trillion yuan from insurance funds into the Chinese stock market [2] - The expectation of a 25 basis point rate cut by the Federal Reserve in September is seen as a high probability event, which could inject momentum into Asian markets [2][4] - The S&P 500 index reached 6445.76 points in August, with major US indices up approximately 7% to 8% year-to-date, driven by expectations of Fed rate cuts [6] Group 2 - The Japanese stock market remains strong, with the Nikkei 225 index surpassing 43000 points, largely influenced by the AI boom [7] - Nvidia is expected to report second-quarter revenue of $53.8 billion, a 15% quarter-over-quarter increase, driven by high shipments of GB200 and early shipments of GB300 chips [8] - The A-share market has seen significant inflows, with approximately 1.5 trillion to 1.7 trillion yuan net inflow in the first half of the year, primarily from insurance companies [9][10]